2003 政府工作报告中英对照

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政府工作报告常见表达(中英对照)

1、全面建成小康社会build a moderately prosperous in all respects2、不断涌现there was a constant stream of3、一般公共预算收入revenue in general public budgets4、全国居民人均可支配收入per capita disposable personal income5、农村居民人均可支配收入per capita disposable income of rural residents6、目标提前实现the goal of ... was achieved ahead of schedule7、区间调控range-based macro regulation8、定向调控targeted regulation9、战略定力strategic focus10、激活力、补短板、强实体stimulated market activity, shored up the our weak spots, and boosted the real economy11、做到结构调优而不失速e nsure that structural adjustment were made without compromising the growth rate12、积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy13、稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy14、社会发展薄弱环节weak areas in economic and social development15、啃下了不少硬骨头tackle many tough issues16、专项转移支付项目items receiving special transfer payments17、一般性转移支付transfer payments for general purposes18、“沪港通”the Shanghai-Hong kong Stock Connect19、机关事业单位养老保险制度the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions20、上海自由贸易试验区the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone1、夯实……根基lay a firm foundation for...2、农业综合生产能力overall agricultural production capacity3、水利工程water conservancy projects4、退耕还林还草return more marginal farmland to forest or grassland5、异军突起rise swiftly to prominence6、众多“创客”脱颖而出creators come thick and fast7、京津冀Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region8、长江经济带the Yangtze Economic Belt9、农网rural power grids10、南水北调中线一期工程the first phase of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project11、中关村国家自主创新示范区t he Zhongguancun National Innovation Demonstration Zone12、支线客机 a regional jet13、保基本、兜底线、建机制we have been working to build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make relevant institutional arrangements 14、城乡居民基本养老保险制度the basic pension systems for rural residents and non-working urban residents15、企业退休人员基本养老金水平basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees16、保障性安居工程government-subsidized housing units17、临时救助制度temporary-assistance18、城乡低保标准subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents19、抚恤和生活补助标准subsidies and living allowance20、残疾军人、烈属和老复员军人disabled military personnel, families of revolutionary martyrs, and old-age veterans1、中国上海自由贸易实验区the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone2、双反anti-dumping and countervailing3、跌宕起伏fluctuation4、保持定力maintain confidence5、保就业的下限ensure that employment does not fall below the prescribed minimun level6、防通胀的上限ensure that inflation does not rise above the projected level7、持续下行continue to decline8、多年少有的the first time in many years9、拆放利率rate for lending10、硬着陆hard landing11、超发货币issue excessive currency12、定心丸reassured the market13、成为经济稳中向好的关键一招played a vital role in sustaining steady economic growth14、盘活存量，用好增量made good use of both existing and additional monetary and finacial resources15、整合压缩integrated and cut16、一般性支出regular expenditures17、摸清get a clear picture of18、精准发力strove to take well-targeted steps19、提质增效raising the quality and returns of development20、铺路搭桥creating conditions。

2011年温总理《政府工作报告》中英文对照(打印版)

2011年政府工作报告2011年3月5日温家宝REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENTDelivered at the Fourth Session of the EleventhNational People's Congress on March 5, 2011Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council各位代表，现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

Fellow Deputies,On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to submit comments and suggestions.一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾I. Review of National Economic and Social Development During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。

面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，全面推进改革开放和现代化建设，国家面貌发生了历史性变化。

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period was a truly extraordinary time in the course of the country's development. In the face of complex domestic and international situations and a series of major risks and challenges, the Communist Party of China (CPC) united with and led the people of all the country's ethnic groups in comprehensively advancing reform, opening up and modernization, bringing about a historic change in China over the past five years.——这五年，我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。

政府工作报告完整版【中英对照】

政府工作报告完整版【中英对照】Areviewofourworkin经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好;Theeconomyhasregisteredaslowerbutstableperformancewithgoodm omentumforgrowth.国内生产总值达到74.4万亿元，增长6.7%;GDPreached74.4trillionyuan,representing6.7-percentgrowth.居民消费价格上涨2%;TheCPIroseby2percent.工业企业利润由上年下降2.3%转为增长8.5%;Withan8.5-percentincreaseinprofits,industrialenterprisesrev ersedthepreviousyear'snegativegrowthof2.3percent.就业增长超出预期;Employmentgrowthexceededprojections.全年城镇新增就业1314万人;Atotalof13.14millionnewurbanjobswereadded.年末城镇登记失业率4.02%，为多年来最低;Theregisteredurbanunemploymentratestoodat4.02percentatyear-end,thelowestlevelinyears.供给侧结构性改革初见成效;Initialsuesswasachievedinsupply-sidestructuralreform.服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重上升到51.6%;Thevaluecreatedbytheservicesectorroseto51.6percentofGDP.大众创业、万众创新广泛开展;Peoplewerebusylaunchingbusinessesormakinginnovations.全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%;Personalpercapitadisposableineincreasedby6.3percentinrealte rms.农村贫困人口减少1240万;Thenumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyinruralareaswasreducedby12. 4million.出境旅游超过1.2亿人次;Overseastripsexceeded120million.广义货币M2增长11.3%，低于13%左右的预期目标;TheM2moneysupplyincreasedby11.3percent,belowourprojectedtar getofaround13percent.深入推进“互联网+”行动和国家大数据战略;WetookfurtherstepstoimplementtheInterPlusactionplanandthena tionalbigdatastrategy.74个重点城市细颗粒物(PM2.5)年均浓度下降9.1%;A9.1-percentdropintheannualaveragedensityoffineparticulatem atter(PM2.5)wasseenin74majorcities.Whatthegovernmentwilldoin今年发展的主要预期目标是：Keyprojectedtargetsfordevelopmentthisyear:国内生产总值增长6.5%左右，在实际工作中争取更好结果;GDPgrowthofaround6.5percent,orhigherifpossibleinpractice.居民消费价格涨幅3%左右;CPIincreasekeptaround3percent.城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内;Over11millionnewurbanjobs,andaregisteredurbanunemploymentra tewithin4.5percent.继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。

李克强总理政府工作报告精彩语录(英汉对照)

李克强总理政府工作报告精彩语录（英汉对照）1、过去一年，困难比预料的多，结果比预想的好。

In the last year, we met more difficulties but delivered a better performance than expected.2、我们深处着力，把改革开放作为发展的根本之策，放开市场这只看不见的手，用好政府这只看得见的手，促进经济稳定增长。

we endeavored to resolve deep-seated problems and difficulties, took reform and opening up as the fundamental way to advance evelopment, and gave full rein to both the invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of the government to promote steady economic growth.3、严守法规和标准，用最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责，坚决治理餐桌上的污染，切实保障舌尖上的安全。

We v.ill strictly follow laws and regulations and comply with standards, and apply the strictest ,possible oversight, punishment and accountability to prevent and control food contamination and ensure that every bite of food we eat is safe.4、对存在的问题，政府要先从自身找原因、想办法。

民之所望是我们施政所向。

要牢记责任使命，增强忧患意识，敢于担当，毫不懈怠，扎实有效解决问题，决不辜负人民的厚望。

政府工作报告汉英翻译200个经典表达

2017政府工作报告之汉英翻译经典表达序号中文英文备注1严峻挑战grave challenges重大关切graveconcern2全国各族人民the Chinese people 少数民族ethnic minorities56个民族ethnic groups中华民族the Chinese nation3推动经济社会持续健康发展drive forward sustained,healthy/sound economicand social development注意积累推动的同义替换词4根本利益fundamental interests名胜古迹places ofhistoric interest5全面建成小康社会finish building amoderately prosperoussociety in all respectsIn all respects=in allaspects6工业企业industrial enterprises7单位国内生产总值能耗Energy consumption perunit of GDP一次能源primaryenergy8再创新高reach another record high创新高hit a new/record high9高校毕业生college graduates10供给侧结构性改革supply-side structuralreform11工业产能合作industrial-capacity cooperation12个体工商户self-employed traders 13城市轨道交通设施urban rail transit facilities 14水利工程water conservancy projects15第四代移动通信用户4G mobile communicationssubscribers16市场主体market entities市场份额marketshare17光缆optical fiber cables18居民人均可支配收入Personal per capitadisposable income城镇居民人均可支配收入the per capitadisposable incomeof urban residents/urban per capitadisposable income农村居民人均纯收入the per capita netincome of ruralresidents/rural per capita netincome19棚户区rundown areas同义替换说法：shanty town20农村危房dilapidated rural houses21国内旅游domestic trips22出境旅游overseas trips 入境游inbound tourism出境游outbound tourism23调结构adjust the structure24积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy25财政赤字fiscal deficit可与赤字率一起记忆26营改增试点the trial replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)27稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy28多种货币政策工具a range of monetary policytools注意a range of的用法29实体经济real economy虚拟经济virtual economy30民间投资private investment31人民币汇率形成机制the RMB exchange rateregime32钢铁产能steel production capacity33企业兼并重组business acquisitions andreorganizations并购merger andacquisition34债转股debt-to-equity swaps 35资产负债率debt-to-asset ratio36“五险一金”缴费social security contributions37推动国有企业调整重组push ahead with reforms torestructure and reorganizestate-owned enterprises推动/推进：driveforward/pushahead with/movetoward/moveforward with/advance38混合所有制mixed ownership非公有制non-publicownership39放开养老服务市场open up the elderlyservices marketnursing home养老院40医疗器械medical equipment 41耕地轮作crop rotation42休耕fallow land43河长制the river chief system44推进“一带一路”建设push ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative45务实合作practical cooperation46特别提款权货币篮子Special Drawing Rights basket47深港通the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect48国家自主创新示范区national innovation demonstration zones49京津冀协同发展Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration50加快推进新型城镇化speed up efforts topromote new types ofurbanization加快：speed upefforts to do/movefaster to do/workfaster to do51户籍制度household registrationsystem52加强生态文明建设strengthen ecologicalconservation53强化大气污染治理take stronger measures against air pollution54优化能源结构improve the energy mix注意能源结构的英文55农村贫困家庭学生students from poor ruralfamilies经济困难家庭financiallychallenged families56学杂费tuition and miscellaneousfees57普通高中regular senior high schools 58长江流域the Yangtze basin59全民健身计划the Fitness for All initiative60打击违法犯罪crack down on crime andother violations打击crack downon/fight against61周边国家neighboring countries62社会各界all sectors of society 社会各界all walks of life/all circles of society63海外侨胞Chinese nationals overseas64财政收支矛盾fiscal imbalance资产负债表balancesheets65食品药品安全food and drug safety Food security粮食安全66科学发展观the Scientific Outlook on Development67适度扩大总需求expand aggregate demandas appropriateeconomic aggregate经济总量68基础设施比较完善a complete range of infrastructure69经济基本面economic fundamentals 70赤字率deficit-to-GDP ratio71培育壮大新动能develop new growthdrivers72三四线城市third-and fourth-tier cities 一线城市first-tier cities二线城市second-tier cities73公租房public rental housing 廉租房low-rent housing经适房affordable housing限价房capped-price housing定向安置房orientation placement housing74储蓄率savings rates75严重制约经济社会发展hold back economic and social development76实施精准扶贫implement targeted poverty reduction77扶贫poverty alleviation /reduction78革命老区old revolutionary bases注意形容词的排列顺序79提高资源配置效率make resource allocationmore effectiveMake sth+形容词的比较级80非公有制经济the non-public sector81药品加成markups on pharmaceuticals82事业单位public institutions社会事业socialprograms83全域旅游all-for-one tourism84大力发展乡村旅游make a big push to developrural tourism大力：make a bigpush to do/endeavor to do/make big moves todo/make majorefforts to do/workhard to do85实体店销售physical store sales实体店：brick andmortar shop86假冒伪劣产品counterfeit and substandard goods87虚假广告false advertising 88价格欺诈price fraud 89民用航空civil aviation90深化政府和社会资本合作promote public-private partnerships91开发区development zones 92产业园区industrial parks 93资源枯竭resource depletion94生态严重退化severe ecological degradation95加快建设海洋强国move faster to developChina into a strongmaritime country贸易强国：trading power96海绵城市sponge cities97推动实体经济优化结构upgrade the structure ofthe real economy出口结构exportmix98人才引进政策policies for bringing intalent from overseas引进：bring in sth99战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industries100分享经济the sharing economy共享单车：bike-sharing101提高社会资源利用效率enable greater efficiency in the use of resources102手机国内长途和漫游费mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distancecalls103国际长途电话费rates for international calls104大力改造提升传统产业endeavor to transform and upgrade traditionalindustries105物联网the Internet of Things106新业态new forms of business新常态new normal107推动中国制造向中高端迈进moving toward mid-and high-end manufacturing108推进大众创业、万众创新encourage people to start businesses and makeinnovations109质量之魂，存于匠心Quality is born of workmanship110大力弘扬工匠精神promote workmanship111享誉世界enjoy international recognition112保障国家粮食安全ensure China’s foodsecurity113优质绿色农产品quality green agriculturalproducts114一二三产业primary,secondary,andtertiary industries注意英文说法，一二三并不是first,second和third115推进土地整治improve rural land116大力改造中低产田upgrade low-andmedium-yield cropland大力并未译出117高效节水灌溉highly water-efficientirrigationHighly意思是十分、非常118供销社supply and marketing cooperatives119退役军人demobilized militarypersonnel120国际产能合作international industrial-capacity cooperation121大力优化外商投资环境make big moves toimprove the environmentfor foreign investors注意环境前要加定冠词the122防范风险hedge against risks123国际贸易和投资自由化便利化the liberalization and facilitation of international trade and investment124公平竞争fair competition125标本兼治tackle both symptoms androot causes126推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖promote clean winter heating in the northernregion127燃煤小锅炉small coal-fired furnaces128优先保障可再生能源发电上网prioritize the integration of renewable energy sourcesinto the electric grid129加快秸秆资源化利用accelerate straw recycling130淘汰黄标车all higher-emission vehicles are scrapped131加快淘汰老旧机动车work faster to take old vehicles off the roads132国六标准燃油fuels that meet National-VI emission standards133治理雾霾人人有责Tackling smog is down toevery last one of us注意句型仿写134化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand135氨氮排放量ammonia nitrogen emissions136重点流域区域key drainage basins137农业面源污染agricultural pollution fromnon-point sources正说反译138普遍推行垃圾分类制度promote waste sorting139培育壮大节能环保产业strengthen energyconservation and environmental protectionindustries140推进生态保护和建设move forward withecological conservationand improvement注意生态建设的英文说法141完成退耕还林还草turn more than...hectares of marginal farmland into forests or grassland142大力促进就业创业strive to boost employmentand business startupsStrive to=endeavorto143加大就业培训力度strengthen employmenttraining加大投资力度：investmore144办好公平优质教育work to ensure that our people have access to equitable and quality education145常住人口permanent urban residents146持续改善薄弱学校办学条件improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools147国家拨款government grants 148世界一流大学world-class universities149高考制度the college entrance examination system150加强民族教育ensure ethnic minoritiesimprove their education民族教育指的是少数民族教育151老年教育education for senior citizens152加强教师队伍建设work to improve teacherperformanceEconomicperformance经济运行153继续教育continuing education154推进健康中国建设make continued progress in building a Healthy China155每年per annum156民族医药事业ethnic minority medicine157构建和谐医患关系interactions between doctor and patient are amicable158食品药品安全事关人民健康The safety of food and medicine is important to the health of our people159发展文化事业和文化产业develop cultural programsand industries注意文化事业的说法160加强社会主义精神文明建设foster stronger observance of socialist cultural and ethical standards161加强文物和非物质文化遗产保护利用China’s cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage receive effective protection and play fuller roles162大力推动全民阅读foster a love of reading in our people163提高基本公共文化服务均等化水平make basic public cultural services more equitable164推动中国文化走出去support efforts to share Chinese culture with other countries165推动社会治理创新explore new forms of socialgovernance创新做动词时，还可译为develop newways to do sth166工会trade unions167加快社会信用体系建设move faster to improve the social credit system168加强法治宣传教育heighten public awareness of rule of law169人命关天，安全至上ensure workplace safetyand protect people’s lives安全生产workplacesafety170道德行为ethical conduct 171道德诚信moral integrity172加大对民族地区发展支持力度increase support fordevelopment in areasinhabited mainly by ethnicminorities加大支持力度：increase support forsth173保护和发展少数民族优秀传统文化protect and develop thefine traditional cultures ofethnic minorities注意优秀传统的英文是fine tradition174中华民族the Chinese nation175海内外中华儿女all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation,both in and outside China176领土完整territorial integrity177世界政治经济格局international political andeconomic landscape注意格局的翻译，natural landscape意思是自然景观178坚定不移走和平发展道路keep to the path ofpeaceful developmentKeep to sth意思是坚持179维护国际秩序uphold the international order180打造人类命运共同体build a community of shared future for all humankind181解决全球性和地区热点问题addressing global andregional hotspot issues注意这里的问题不可译为problems182互信mutual trust 183推进民主advance democracy184深化平安中国建设continue to pursue the Peaceful China initiative185合法权益legitimate rights and interests186依法推进公益和慈善事业健康发展encourage sound and law-based public-interest activities and charity187共青团Communist Youth League organizations188城镇户口urban household registration189扩大优质教育资源覆盖面expand the reach of quality educational resources190缩小差距narrow the gap between Aand B191优先保障和改善民生prioritize efforts to ensureand improve the wellbeingof our people优先：prioritize sth/prioritize efforts todo192大力发展绿色金融make major efforts to develop green finance193发行债券issue bonds194实现优势互补draw on each other’s strengths195农村人居环境rural living environments196国有林区林场state forestry areas andfarms注意国有的翻译197打造粮食生产功能区create functional zones for grain production198城市群city clusters 199不良资产non-performing assets 200债券违约bond defaults。

20XX年政府工作报告中英文对照(4)_工作报告.doc

2017年政府工作报告中英文对照(4)_工作报告To enable the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and to give better play to the role of government, we must deepen reforms to streamline government administration, delegate more powers, and improve regulation and service. This is a profound reform of government itself, which we need to continue to pursue with the courage to make painful self-adjustments and overcome all odds.We will fully implement the list-based management system, formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of the departments under the State Council, expand the piloting of granting market access on the basis of a negative list, and reduce the discretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom to take its course. We will abolish the requirement for permits for a number of production and service activities. We will deepen institutional reforms in the business sector, merge different forms of certification required of businesses into one certificate, andexpand trials to separate operating permits and business licenses. We will improve the system for conducting both registration and post-registration oversight over businesses, apply the oversight model of random inspection and public release to cover all business activities, and strengthen coordinated administrative law enforcement. We will accelerate efforts to make the information systems of the State Council departments and those of local governments better connected and form a nationally unified government service platform.To see that businesses and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playing field, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.继续推进财税体制改革。

006汉英时文翻译(1)-政府工作报告

• • • • • • • •
部：ministry Ministry of Education/Culture/Forestry 局：bureau/department/office/agency/ administration FDA: Food and Drug Administration FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation CIA: Central Intelligence Agency Public Security Bureau
• 宏观调控：macroeconomic 宏观调控： regulation； macro-control • 微观调控： micro-control 微观调控： • 调整经济结构：调整经济结构： • adjustment of the economic structure
• 财政政策：fiscal policy 财政政策： • 货币政策：monetary 货币政策： policy • 利率：interest rate 利率： • 存款：deposit 存款： • 贷款： loan 贷款：
• 加快构建社会主义和谐社会，加快构建社会主义和谐社会， • to accelerate the building of a harmonious socialist society; • 加快建设小康社会的进程：加快建设小康社会的进程： • to accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society
• 南水北调：南水北调： • The South-to-North Water Diversion Project
• 着力推进改革开放和自主创新，着力推进改革开放和自主创新，推进改革开放和自主创新 • to advance the reform and opening up policy and independent innovation; • 监管：oversight 监管： • 调控：regulation 调控：

历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和

历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和《经济学家》中英文对照版建议多看看，上面的习题最好都亲自做一下，三级没多大难度，充分准备应该可以通过汉英翻译技巧的培养（translation competence development）应涉及以下内容：一.要培养对英语的语感和悟性（language intuition – open and alert mind to pick up idioms, specific expressions, etc.）；二.要培养对英语的判断能力和鉴赏能力（evaluation capacity – judgment）；三.要培养对英语的洞察能力和剖析能力（power of observation – insight）；四.要培养对英语细微特征的反应能力（linguistic nuances alertness）；-五.要培养对社会文化和跨文化交流的敏感性（social-cultural sensitivity –cross-cultural awareness）；六.要培养对英语和汉语之间差别的意识(sense of differences between Chinese and English)；七.要培养对英语和汉语之间的辩证关系的认识(awareness of the dialectic relationship between Chinese and English)；八.要培养对英语“洋为中用”的意识(“use things foreign to serve Chinese purposes”)；九.要培养对英语“学以致用”的意识(apply what you have learned in your translation)；十.要培养对翻译的多层次、多角度的立体思维方式(a multi-tier approach )。

十一.一名称职的翻译工作者必须懂得什么是翻译的真谛(a clear conception of what translation is)。

2009年政府工作报告中英文对照

2009年政府工作报告中英文对照REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT政府工作报告Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009——２００９年３月５日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上Wen Jiabao温家宝Premier of the State Council国务院总理Fellow Deputies,各位代表：On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

I. Review of the Work in 2008一、２００８年工作回顾The year 2008 was truly eventful. Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialistmodernization.２００８年是极不平凡的一年。

2008年政府工作报告中英段落对照

政府工作报告REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT——2008年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh NationalPeople's Congress on March 5, 2008国务院总理温家宝各位代表：Fellow Deputies,现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告本届政府过去五年地工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).一、过去五年工作回顾I. Review of the Work of the Past Five Years第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来地五年，是不平凡地五年。

在中国共产党领导下，各级政府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党地十六大精神，齐心协力，顽强拼搏，积极应对复杂多变地国际环境，努力克服经济社会发展中地各种困难，战胜了突如其来地严重非典疫情和历史罕见地低温雨雪冰冻等特大自然灾害，改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目地重大成就。

The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication. We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before. We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.——经济跨上新台阶。

政府工作报告重点(英汉)

2010年3月5日9时，十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议在人民大会堂举行开幕会，国务院总理温家宝在会上做了政府工作报告。

Following are the highlights of Wen's Report on the Work of the Government.以下是温家宝总理政府工作报告中的亮点解读。

Key words: Income distribution, 'Hukou' reform, Employment, Low-carbon, Housing prices关键词：收入分配、户口改革、就业、“低碳”、房价2009年政府工作报告-- China's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 33.5 trillion yuan, up 8.7 percent from a yearearlier.--2009年国内生产总值达33.5万亿元，比上年增长8.7%。

-- Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7 percent year on year.财政收入达6.85万亿元，同比增长11.7%。

-- Grain production was 531 million tonnes, a new record and increasing for the sixth consecutive year.--粮食产量达5.31亿吨，再创历史新高，实现连续六年增产。

-- A total of 11.02 million job opportunities were created for urban residents.--城镇新增就业1102万人。

-- The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, up 9.8 percent in real terms, while the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, rising 8.5 percent in real terms.--城镇居民人均可支配收入17175元，实际增长9.8%；农村居民人均纯收入5153元，实际增长8.5%。

政府工作报告常见表达(中英对照)

政府工作报告常见表达(中英对照)1 依法履职perform one's functions in accordance with the law2 从容应对挑战confidently met all challenges3 奋力攻坚克难strove to overcome difficulties4 实现目标attain the targets5 经济运行稳中向好The economy was stable and improved6 经济效益economic performance7 城镇登记失业率the registered urban unemployment rate8 创历史新高an all-time high9 再上新台阶reach a new high10 城镇居民人均可支配收入The per capita disposable income of urban residents11 农村居民人均纯收入the per capita net income of rural residents12 城乡居民收入差距the urban-rural income gap13 规模以上工业企业industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations14 粮食产量Grain output15 增加值value-added16 地区生产总值gross regional product17 主要实物量指标Main real physical indexes18 社会事业Social programs19 载人深潜manned deep-sea dives20 建成创新型国家make the country more innovative21 经济社会发展既有量的扩大，又有质的提升The economy and society developed bothquantitatively and qualitatively22 砥砺前行forge ahead23 工作总基调general work guideline24 稳中求进make progress while maining stability25 统筹稳增长、调结构、促改革maintain stable growth, make structure adjustments and carry out reform in a holistic way26 坚持宏观政策要稳、微观政策要活、社会政策要托底We ensured that the government's macropolicies are stable, micro policies are flexibleand social policies meet people's basic needs.27 采取一系列既利当前、更惠长远的举措we adopted measures with both short-term and long-term benefits in mind28 稳中有为，稳中提质，稳中有进We strove to break new ground, improve quality, and make progress while ensuringstability.29 各项工作实现了良好开局All our work got off to a good start.30 激发市场活力invagorate the market31 内生动力internal driving force to growth32 国内外错综复杂的环境complex international and domestic developments33 深处着力endeavor to resolve deep-seated problems and difficulties34 放开市场这只“看不见的手”，用好政府这只“看得见的手”give full rein to both the invisible hand of themarket and the visible hand of the government35 加快转变职能accelarate the transformation of government functions36 简政放权streamline administration and delegate more power to lower-level governments37 国务院机构改革Reform of State Council bodies38 有序实施be carried out in an orderly maner39 取消和下放了416项行政审批等事项abolish or delegate to lower-level governments 416 items previously subject to State Council review and approval40 分批in batches41 政府核准的投资项目目录the list of investment projects requiring government review and approval42 工商登记制度business registration system43 “营改增”replace business tax with value-added tax (VAT)44 行政事业性收费administrative fees45 为市场松了绑improved the market environment46 为企业添了力invigorate businesses47 新注册企业newly registered businesses48 民间投资private investment49 全面放开贷款利率管制completely lift interest rate controls on loans50 在全国进行中小企业股份转让系统试点。

[最新]两会英文翻译

政府工作报告government work reportopening speech 开幕式致辞government work report 政府工作报告administrative transparency 政务透明the imbalance between urban and rural areas 城乡发展不平衡per-capita income 人均收入basic medicine system 基本医疗体制propel/expand domestic demand 扩大内需proactive fiscal policy 积极的财政政策moderately easy monetary policy 适度宽松的货币政策rural-urban development divide 城乡差距dairy product standards 乳制品标准basic medical insurance 基本医疗保险comfortable Housing Project 安居工程careers guidance 就业指导three Direct Links “大三通”（通邮、通航、通商）healthcare reform package 医改方案home appliances going to the countryside 家电下乡equal Access to Education 教育公平rural left-behind population 农村留守人口issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area 三农问题three insurances and one fund “三险一金”（养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险和住房公积金）crops minimum purchase prices 粮食最低收购价defense budget 国防预算disaster relief 赈灾defense expenditure 国防开支clean energy 清洁能源social welfare system 社会福利制度minimum living standard 最低生活标准state-run/owned company/enterprise 国有企业For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）a surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of living allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced res idents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）“两会”指全国人民代表大会(the National People's Congress) 和中国人民政治协商会议(the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)。

政府工作报告热词英汉对照

政府工作报告热词英汉对照2009-08-23 17:44澄澈空灵政府工作报告热词——股市、卫生、教育[有特色、高水平的奥运会unique, well-run Olympic Games加强国际合作，创造良好环境to strengthen cooperation with the international community and create an excellent environment促进中国经济社会发展to promote China's economic and social development增进中国人民同世界各国人民的友谊与合作to increase friendship and cooperation between Chinese and the peoples of other countries粮食总产量grain output第三大贸易国the third largest trading nation世界第四大经济体world's fourth largest economy国家税收government revenue外汇储备foreign exchange reserves更加开放的经济体more open economy加快发展债券市场to accelerate development of the bond market稳步发展期货市场to steadily develop the futures market创业板市场growth enterprise market中小企业板small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) board市值market capitalization（指已发行股票的总值）印花税stamp tax国家开发银行China Development Bank创业板块市场market for growth enterprises债券市场bond market期货市场futures market提高上市公司质量improve the performance of listed companies维护公开公平公正的市场秩序to maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment医疗保障medical insurance公共卫生服务health care医疗改革healthcare reform社会保障体系social security system医疗改革初步方案preliminary plan on the health care reform公开征求意见to solicit opinions from the general public基本医疗保险basic medical insurance安全、有效、方便、价廉的基本医疗卫生服务safe, effective, convenient and affordable basic medical and health service人人享有基本医疗卫生服务to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services扩大城镇居民基本医疗保险试点to extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents新型农村合作医疗制度new type of rural cooperative medical care system药品价格上涨surging drug prices免费的九年义务教育free, nine-year compulsory education免费义务教育free compulsory education学杂费miscellaneous fees政府工作报告热词——国防、台湾问题[ 2008-03-11 09:43 ]统筹经济建设和国防建设to balance economic development and national defense完成多样化军事任务accomplish a diverse array of military tasks领土完整territorial integrity人民武装警察部队the People's Armed Force执勤、处置突发事件、反恐维稳能力ability to enforce law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability国防预算defense budget中国的领土和主权完整China's sovereignty and territorial integrity一国两制One China, Two Systems台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots促进两岸和平to promote cross-Straits peace和平发展两岸关系peaceful development of cross-Straits relations促进两岸经济文化交流to promote cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges“三通”（通邮、通商、通航）direct links of mail, transport and trade“台独”分裂活动"Taiwan independence" secessionist activities“台独”分裂势力"Taiwan independence" secessionist forces“入联公投” "refer endum" on Taiwan's United Nations membership政府工作报告热词——物价篇[ 2008-03-11 09:30 ]“米袋子”工程"rice bag" (grain supply) program“菜篮子”工程"vegetable basket" (non-staple food supply) program 物价上涨price hike价格过度上涨excessive price hikes消费者价格指数Consumer Price Index (CPI)生产者价格指数Producer Price Index稳健的财政政策prudent fiscal policy从紧的货币政策tight monetary policy固定资产投资fixed asset investment资源产品价格改革price revisions of resource products推动价格上涨的压力upward pressure on prices增加有效供给to increase effective supply抑制过度需求to curb excessive demand最受关注话题topics of most concern社会保障social security低收入人群low-income population进一步扩大内需和消费to further expand domestic demand and consumption稳定价格防止经济过热to stabilize prices and prevent the economy from overheating旧式的、依靠投资和出口拉动经济增长的模式old practice of relying on investment and exports for economic growth正确把握宏观调控的节奏、重点和力度to maintain an appropriate pace, focus and intensity in macroeconomic controls加强粮食、食用植物油、肉类等基本生活必需品生产to boost the production of daily necessities such as grain, vegetable oil and meat提高涉及人身健康和安全产品的生产许可条件和市场准入门槛to raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇[ 2008-03-10 10:47 ]能源消耗energy consumption清洁、可再生能源clean and renewable energy sources化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand节能减排目标targets for saving energy and reducing emissions节能减排技术energy conservation and emission reduction technologies淘汰落后生产企业to close down backward production facilities加强先进生产能力建设to develop advanced production facilities城市污水处理能力urban sewage treatment capacity重点流域的污染防治pollution control in major river valleys and regions农村饮用水rural drinking water安全饮用水safe drinking water污染物排放emissions of pollutants资源节约型、环境友好型社会 a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设to focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects产品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or updating of national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法to correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目to limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。

中英对照汉语时事、时政词汇大全整理

中英对照汉语时事、时政词汇大全整理中英对照汉语时事、时政词汇大全杂费miscellaneous (incidental) express砸牌子ruin reputation灾民flood victims; flood-stricken people宰客swindle money out of customers宰人rip off载人卫星manned satellite再贷款re-lending; subloan再就业服务中心re-employment service center再就业工程re-employment project / program再生纸recycled writing paper在孵（孵化器）企业incubated enterprises (incubator)在建项目后续资金additional funding for projects under construction在途资金fund in float在线(计算机) on-line在线网上书店online bookstore在职博士生on-job doctorate在职研究生on-job postgraduates在字面上兜圈子festoons of words赃款赃物proceeds of crime脏弹dirty bomb脏乱差dirty, disorderly and bad糟粕dross早恋puppy love早市morning session造假帐falsified accounts造林运动afforestation drive (campaign)噪声治理noise abatement责任编辑editor in charge责任追究制度system of accountability增发股票increase issues in stocks增加信任,减少麻烦,发展合作,不搞对抗enhance trust, reduce trouble, develop cooperation and avoid confrontation 增强人民体质build up people's health增强型短信服务EMS (Enhanced Message Service)增值税value added tax(VAT)渣打银行The Chartered Bank斋月(伊斯兰教) Ramadan/ month of fast债台高筑become debt-ridden债务人持有资产debtor-in-possession (DIP)债转股debt-to-equity swap沾光benefit from one's association占便宜profit at others' expense占着茅坑不拉屎be a dog in the manger战俘prisoner of war (POW)战俘营prisoner-of-war (POW) camp战斧式巡航导弹T omahawk cruise missile战略防御计划Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)战略伙伴关系strategic partnership站得住脚hold water站票standing-room-only ticket站台票platform ticket涨落线advance balance line掌上电脑palm pilot帐外设帐keep additional accounts in addition to the authorized ones招标invite a bid招标投标制the system of public bidding for project招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful招股说明书prospectus招牌菜signature dishes招商局China Merchants Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. (China Merchants) 招商引资attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office 折旧费depreciation charge折衷方案a compromise proposal侦察飞机surveillance plane珍爱之人或物apple of one's eyes珍稀濒危植物rare or endangered species真空包装vacuum packing真善美the true, the good and the beautiful; truth, good and beauty振兴经济revitalize the economy振兴中华make China powerful and strong; revitalize the Chinese nation 震感seismaesthesia, feel of the earthquake(tremor)震级earthquake magnitude震区seismic zone震源focus (of an earthquake), seismic origin震中epicenter震中烈度epicentral intensity震中区epicentral area争端解决机构dispute settlement body争议地区disputed area正气uprightness; integrity; probity; rectitude正式会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA)正式照会formal note证券化securitisation证券监督管理委员会securities supervision commission证券交易委员会Securities and Exchange Commission证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange政策倾斜policy support政策性贷款policy-based lending; policy-related loan政策性亏损policy-related losses; losses incurred due to policy decisions政策性住房"policy-related house, policy-based house"政策银行policy banks政策组合policy mix政法委politics and law committee政府采购government procurement政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏"Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show. "政府干预government intervention政府工作报告government work report政府廉洁高效a clean and efficient government政府上网工程Government Online Project政府特殊津贴获得者winner of special government allowance 政府贴息贷款discount government loans政府职能转变transform/shift the government functions政改方案(英国对香港) constitutional package政企不分without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public政治合格，军事过硬，作风优良，纪律严明，保障有力"be qualified politically and competent militarily, have a fine style of work, maintain strict discipline and be assured of adequate logistical support"政治局politburo政治局常委member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau政治迫害political persecution; witch hunt政治体制改革political restructuring政治协商、民主监督、参政议政exercise political consultation and democratic supervision and participate in deliberating and administration of state affairs支付能力payment capacity支原体mycoplasma支柱产业pillar / cornerstone industry知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知识产权intellectual property知识经济knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy 知识就是力量Knowledge is power.知识密集knowledge-intensive知识转让transfer of knowledge知识资本knowledge capital执法人员law enforcement officials; law-executor; law enforcer直播"live broadcast, live telecast"直接道歉a straight-out apology直接三通与双向交流three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade) and bilateral exchanges直接选举direct election直辖市municipality directly under the Central Government 直销direct marketing; door-to-door sale职称professional title职工工资集体协商制度management-labor negotiation system for determining employee wages 职工股staff share职能转换transformation of functions职务发明on-duty invention职务犯罪crime by taking advantage of duty职业高中（职高）vocational high school职业介绍所career service center; job center职业经理人professional manager职业培训job training职业资格证书制度professional qualification certificate system 植物群落plant community植物人human vegetable; vegetable只读存储器read-only-memory (ROM)纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist制海权command of the sea制空权air space control; air supremacy; command of the air; air mastery; air domination制止外汇流失prevent foreign exchange flight治理整顿improve the environment and rectify the order; improvement and rectification质量管理quality control质量认证体系认证证书certificate of the system of quality certification质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass致命要害Achilles' heel掷钱猜先toss智力引进recruit / introduce (foreign) talents智力支持intellectual support智囊团、思想库the brain trust；think tank智商intelligence quotient (IQ)滞后影响lagged effect滞销商品unmarketable goods置业house purchasing中程导弹intermediate-range missile; medium-range missile 中东和平进程the Middle East peace process中关村科技园区Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park 中国出口商品交易会(广交会) China Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fair)中国电信China Telecom中国工程院the Chinese Academy of Engineering中国结Chinese knot中国经济景气监测中心China Economic Monitoring Center中国联通公司China Unicom中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会（简称全国政协）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)中国新经济峰会China New Economy Summit中国新闻出版报社China Press and Publication News中国沿海专属经济区China's exclusive economic waters中国移动通信公司China Mobile中国预防医学科学院the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine中国证监会China's Securities Regulatory Commission中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)中国政协委员member of the National Committee of CPPCC中华人民共和国渔政渔港监督管理局Administration of Fishery and Fishing Harbor Supervision of the PRC中华世纪坛China Millennium Monument中华医学会Chinese Medical Association中介intermediary agent中立国neutralized state中流砥柱mainstay; chief cornerstone中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other中日友好四项原则: 和平友好,平等互利,互相信赖,长期稳定The four principles of Sino-Japanese friendship: peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, mutual trust, and long-term stability 中山装Chinese tunic suit中式快餐Chinese fast food中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system中心环节key link中型商用飞机mid-size G200 business jets中央大型企业工委Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises中央国家机关China's State organs中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央经济工作会议the Central Economic Working Conference 中央领导集体central collective leadership中央商务区central business district (CBD)中央统战部United Front Work Department of CPC Central Committee中央综治委“严打”整治斗争检查组Strike-hard Campaign Inspection Group of Central Committee for Comprehensive Management of Public Security.中药traditional Chinese medicine中专生secondary specialized or technical school student终点控制区terminal control area终端服务器terminal server终身职务制life-long tenure终审权right of adjudication; right of giving final approval种植业crop farming众口难调It is difficult to cater to all tastes.; One man's meat is another man's poison.众矢之的target of public criticism重点发展prioritize重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects重复生产duplication of production重复引进inroduction of redundant technical facilities; importation of redundant technical facilities重合同,守信用abide by contracts and keep one's words; honor credit and promise重合同、守信用的原则the principle of equality and mutual benefit and “honoring contracts adn standing by reputation”重灾区the harder-hit area洲际弹道导弹intercontinental ballistic missiles珠穆朗玛峰Mount Qomolangma诸边协议plurilateral agreement主板市场main board of the stock market主办2008年奥运会host the 2008 Olympic Games主持人anchorperson主叫方付费caller-pays system主渠道main channel主权豁免sovereign immunity主体经济the mainstay of the economy主体思想（DPRK）Juche Idea主页home page住房分配货币化进程capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation住房零首付zero-yuan first payment (for apartments)住宅小区residence community助跑"approach run, run-up"助学行动activity to assist the impoverished students注册会计师certificated public accountant (CPA)注册资本registered capital驻港部队People's Liberation Army garrison in Hong Kong抓大放小to invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones; focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves抓大放小,三改一加强(Efforts were focused on) the reform, reorganization, upgrading and better management of enterprises, aiming at well managing large enterprises while adopting more flexible policies toward small ones抓住机遇seize the opportunity抓住机遇,深化改革,扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定seize the current opportunity, deepen the reform, open China wider to the outside world, promote development and maintain stability 专访exclusive interview专利产品，仿冒必究patented product(s), counterfeiting not allowed专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store专门的营销机构market boards专门人才professional personnel; special talents专升本upgrade from junior college student to universitystudent; students with the diploma of junior college try to obtain the undergraduate diplomat through self-taught study 专题报道special coverage专业化分工division of labor based on specialization专业化经营specialized operation专属经济区exclusive economic zone转败为胜turn the tables (on someone)转轨transfer to a different track; retracking转轨经济economies in transition; transition economy转化机制(of State-owned enterprises) to shift to new management mechanisms转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)转配股transferred allotted shares转世灵童reincarnated soul boy转体truck rotation, turn, twist转业transferred to civilian work转移支付transfer payment撞线breast the tape追潮族fashion follower追车族auto fan追赶型和跨越式发展pursuant and leap-forward development 追究责任call to account; ascertain where the responsibility lies追平produce the equalizer追星族star fan; groupie坠落的残骸、碎片falling debris准备金reserve fund; capital reserves准博士all but dissertation (ABD)准上市公司pro-listed companies资本充足率capital adequacy资本额过多overcapalisation资本利润率rate of return on capital资本外逃capital flight资不抵债insolvency资产保值增值maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value资产剥离peel off (bad) assets of a company资产调控assets control资产负债表balance sheet资产阶级自由化bourgeois liberalization资产评估asset assessment资产置换replacement of assets资产重组reorganized assets; assets reorganization资金到位fully funded (project)资金划拨capital allocation资金汇划fund remittance and transfer资源配置the distribution (allocation) of resources资源优化配置most optimum distribution of resources姊妹楼, 又称双子座, 美国世贸中心的主要建筑twin towers自动柜员机automatic teller machine (ATM)自发罢工,野猫式罢工（未经工会批准的罢工）wildcat strikes自费留学go to study abroad at one's own expense自律机制the self-discipline system自然保护区natural reserve; nature preservation zone自然耗损natural wearing自然资源保护区natural resource protection areas自我保护意识self-protection awareness自学成才become well-educated through self-study自学考试self-taught examination自营self-run自营性存款self-operating deposit自由港free-trade port，free port自由竞争free competition自由流通free flow自由贸易区free-trade zone自由职业者free lance自治权right ti autonomy; autonomy自主经营,自负盈亏make one's own management decisions and take full responsibility for one's own profits and losses 自助银行self-help bank自足经济self-sufficient economy自作自受stew in one’s own juice综合国力comprehensive national strength综合经济效益overall economic efficiency; composite economic results综合授信comprehensive credit line综合素质comprehensive quality综合业务数字网ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) 综合整治comprehensive improvement综合指数composite index综合治理comprehensive treatment综艺节目variety show总裁助理assistant president总经理负责制general manager responsibility system走过场go through the motions走后门get in by the back door走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progress走新型工业化道路T ake a new road to industrialization走穴"(actors, singers, etc.) perform for outside salary incomewithout approval by the unit they belong to "阻碍司法obstruction of justice组委会organizing committee祖传handed down from one's ancestors祖国和平统一大业peaceful reunification of the motherland最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)最低工资保障制度minimum wage guarantee system最低生活保证制度system for ensuring a minimum standard of living最后的投票make the final vote最惠国待遇most-favored-nation status最终用户end user遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties左倾pinko左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place坐视不管sit idle做假帐salt a false account。

政府工作报告热词英汉对照1

2011年政府工作报告摘要英汉对照[ 2011-03-07 17:25 ]The Fourth Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC), China's parliament, opens at 9 a.m. Saturday in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.2011年3月5日上午9时，第十一届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在人民大会堂开幕。

Premier Wen Jiabao delivers a report on the work of the government at the opening meeting chaired by NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo.国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告。

This webpage will be updated continuously. Following are the highlights of Wen's report:本文将实时更新出温家宝总理报告中的重点部分：Global issues国际关系"China will play a constructive role in helping resolve hot issues and global problems."“中国将发挥建设性作用以解决全球热点问题。

”Income收入分配"Readjusting income distribution is a pressing task at present, and an endeavor to be pursued in a longer term."“收入分配问题既是一项长期任务，也是当前的紧迫工作。

”Price stability保持物价总水平基本稳定"Recently, prices have risen fairly quickly and inflation expectations have increased. This problem concerns the people's well-being, bears on overall interests and affects social stability. We must, therefore, make it our top priority in macroeconomic control to keep overall price levels stable. We need to make the most of favourable conditions, such as an ample supply of manufactured goods and our abundant grain reserves and considerable foreign exchange reserves, endeavor to overcome the adverse effects of imported andstructural inflation, cushion the upward pressure for costs of factors of production, and correctly guide market expectations to resolutely curb prices."“当前，物价上涨较快，通胀预期增强。

政府工作报告2000年3月5日(英文版)

Report on the Work of the Government (2000)(Delivered at the Third Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 5, 2000)Zhu RongjiPremier of the State CouncilFellow Deputies,On behalf of the State Council, I now submit a report on the work of the government for your examination and approval and also for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.I. Review of Domestic Work in 1999Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of all ethnic groups worked hard in 1999 to promote reform, opening up and modernization, making new advances in all fields of endeavor.The quality of national economic development improved. The objective for the growth rate of the gross domestic product was attained; there were structural adjustments in the economy; and economic performance improved noticeably. There was a good harvest, and preliminary improvements were achieved in the pattern of farming. Industrial production continued to grow while structural adjustments were being made. Some outmoded production capacity was eliminated; production of unmarketable goods decreased; and the sales rate of products rose steadily. Profits from industrial enterprises totaled 220.2 billion yuan in 1999, representing an increase of 52% over the previous year. Total profits from state-owned enterprises and enterprises with controlling share held by the state reached 96.7 billion yuan, an increase of 77.7% over the previous year, a record high for the past five years. The economic performance of most industries was noticeably improved. Industrial performance was better than the previous year in 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. National revenue was 150.1 billion yuan more than the 1998 figure. Total national revenue reached 1.1377 trillion yuan, exceeding one trillion yuan for the first time. There was stability in banking and financial operations, and money supply and total credit continued to increase. The volume of exports began to rise considerably in July, and total exports reached US$194.9 billion in 1999, a rise of 6.1% over the previous year. The use of direct foreign investment continued on a relatively large scale, but decreased slightly over the previous year. The exchange rates for the Renminbi remained stable. Foreign exchange reserves totaled US$154.7 billion at the end of 1999. The national economy continued to develop in a satisfactory manner.Major progress was made in reforming state-owned enterprises and turning around loss-generating operations. We accelerated the separation of government functions from enterprise management. We have basically accomplished the objective of cutting all business ties between the Party and central government organs on the one hand and the economic entities set up by these bodies and enterprises directly under their jurisdiction on the other. The army, the armed police,and the procuratorial, judicial and public security organs are no longer engaged in business activities. The reorganization of key state-owned enterprises progressed, resulting in the formation of a number of large enterprise groups. Efforts to effect internal reforms in enterprises and changes in the way they operate were strengthened. Through merger, bankruptcy, reorganization, association, debt-to-equity swap, improved management and other measures, the number of large and medium-sized loss-generating state-owned industrial enterprises and loss-generating enterprises with controlling share held by the state decreased significantly. The objective of turning around the economic performance of state-owned enterprises within three years has been attained one year ahead of schedule in the textile industry. Profits were increased or losses reduced encouragingly in other industries. Significant progress was made in efforts to reform state-owned enterprises and turn around their operation in the three provinces in northeast China and other old industrial bases, with significant reduction of losses and increase of profits. These achievements encouraged the cadres and the masses to continue working to overcome difficulties and demonstrated that the objectives set by the central authorities for reforming state-owned enterprises and turning around operations within three years are attainable.Science, technology, education and other social undertakings developed in an all-round way. Technological innovation and translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces were accelerated. Basic scientific and high-tech research were strengthened. The reform of the management system for science and technology was deepened. Major progress was made in efforts to make nine-year compulsory education universal in the country and to eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people. Regular university and college enrollment increased by 47.4% over the previous year, the biggest increase in years. Continued progress was made gradually in the reform of education and in the work of improving the overall quality of students. Notable advances were made in environmental protection and ecological conservation. Social sciences continued to develop. New levels of achievements were reached in literature and art, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, family planning, public health, sports and other related fields. Efforts to ground cultural and ethical values on socialist principles and to improve democracy and the legal system were reinforced. Fresh progress was made in efforts to promote democracy at the grass-roots level. A wide-reaching and powerful drive to combat all forms of criminal activity was carried out, bringing about improvement in all facets of public security and increasing social stability. Fresh steps were taken in efforts to build a clean and honest government and in the struggle against corruption. Modernization of national defense was accelerated.The living standards of both urban and rural residents continued to improve. The government increased the incomes of urban dwellers with low and medium level incomes on July 1 of last year. The level of the basic cost of living allowances for laid-off state enterprise workers, the level of unemployment insurance benefits, and the level of subsistence allowances for urban residents were all increased by 30%. The salaries and wages of employees working in government departments and institutions and old-age pensions for those retired from there were increased along with the old-age pensions for workers retired from state-owned enterprises. All back pension entitlements were paid for workers retired from state-owned enterprises covered by the overall state plan. Certain allowances for disabled service men and women and family members ofrevolutionary martyrs and service men and women were increased. Total budgetary expenditures were increased by more than 54 billion yuan to cover these items, which benefited over 84 million people across the country. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by 9.3% over the previous year in real terms after adjusting for price decreases. The per capita net income of rural dwellers increased by 3.8% in real terms, and the population below the poverty line decreased by 8 million. The number of legal holidays was increased. This stimulated consumption and improved the quality of people's life.Last year we celebrated the 50th anniversary of the founding of the new China with great fanfare and smoothly secured the return of Macao to the motherland. These two great events immensely stimulated the ardent zeal of the people all over the country to work to rejuvenate China and strengthened the cohesion of our nation.These achievements are due to the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core grasping the overall situation and exercising correct leadership. In 1999, we resolutely opposed the barbaric US-led NATO bombing of our embassy in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, dealt a powerful blow to the arrogance of the Taiwan separatists represented by Lee Teng-hui, and took decisive measures against the Falungong cult. The great victories achieved in these struggles are of far-reaching political significance and have created a positive social climate for our economic development. In accordance with a decision of the CPC Central Committee, Party and government leaders at or above the county level were educated about the importance of study, political awareness and upright conduct. This notably improved their ideological standards and political awareness and ensured smooth progress for reform, opening up and the socialist modernization drive. In addition, the central authorities maintained a correct understanding of the trends in economic development so that at the critical moment when there was an economic downturn in the second quarter of 1999, they were able to resolutely make important policy decisions that stimulated domestic demand by issuing more treasury bonds and increasing personal incomes and to fully use macro-economic measures to encourage investment, consumption and exports. All these played an important role in promoting economic growth and improving economic performance. Through our work and exploration over the past few years, we have accumulated a wealth of experience in curbing inflation, and now we have some basic experience in controlling deflation as well.These achievements are also due to the hard work of the people throughout the country. In spite of many difficulties, the cadres and the general public pressed forward with great confidence as they conscientiously implemented the guiding principles and policies of the central authorities, working hard and showing a high degree of initiative. On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to pay my highest respects to the people from all walks of life, including workers, farmers, intellectuals, cadres and members of the People's Liberation Army, the armed police and the public security police. You have all been working hard on your various fronts throughout the country. Our sincere thanks also go to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese who have shown their concern and support for the development and reunification of the motherland.We are fully aware that there are many difficulties and problems in our path. A number ofmajor problems still plague our economic activities, including insufficient effective demand, serious anomalies in the economic system, high unemployment and slow growth in farmers' incomes. Lax management in many fields and organizations results in poor efficiency, tremendous losses and waste, and frequent occurrence of serious accidents. Certain government functionaries are indifferent to the well-being of the people. Bureaucracy, formalism, falsification and exaggeration are rampant. Certain policies were not conscientiously implemented in some grass-roots units. The emergence and spread of certain types of corruption and undesirable practices have not been brought under control. Public order in some areas is not good. We must continue to take effective measures to solve these problems.Fellow Deputies,The year 2000 marks the turn of the century, and it is the last year for attaining the strategic objectives for the second stage of China's socialist modernization drive. It is important that the government do its work well this year to ensure a smooth transition into the next century. Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and the basic line of the CPC, and in accordance with the general requirements of the CPC Central Committee for their work in the year 2000, governments at all levels should implement the spirit of the Fifteenth National Congress of the CPC and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Fifteenth CPC Central Committee. They should also continue to carry out all the policies and measures adopted by the Central Committee for promoting reform, opening up and economic development; balance reform, development and stability; work to maintain sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy; and conscientiously increase efforts to advance socialist cultural and ethical progress and improve democracy and the legal system in order to promote all-round social progress and greet the new century with outstanding achievements.II. Adhering to the Policy of Expanding Domestic DemandDevelopment is the absolute principle and the key to solving the problems we are facing. Only by sustaining rapid economic growth on the basis of better performance can we mitigate the operating problems facing enterprises, lighten unemployment pressure, make structural adjustments possible and deepen reforms. This is also essential in order to increase state revenue, prevent financial risks and maintain social stability. To achieve all this, we must unswervingly carry out a policy of expanding domestic demand and other related macroeconomic policies.We should continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy. This is the most direct and effective means for expanding domestic demand at present. The central authorities have been following a proactive fiscal policy over the past two years, while at the same time they have given full play to the role of monetary policy and a variety of other means to regulate the operation of the economy, constantly working to improve these policies and measures. The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment and raised people's incomes to stimulate consumption. It improved infrastructure and supported technological upgrading in enterprises. In addition, great efforts were made to expand domestic demand and encourage exports. Experience has shown that following a proactive fiscal policy was the entirely correct thing to do because itwas remarkably successful. Take the effect of treasury bonds for example. Over the past two years, the long-term bonds worth 210 billion yuan issued by the government to banks provided the impetus for over 420 billion yuan in bank loans and funds raised by enterprises, which were used to increase investment in infrastructure and finance the construction of over 5,100 projects. Among the completed projects are those which resulted in reinforcing nearly 6,100 km. of dikes on major rivers and lakes, the opening of 12,000 km. of newly built highways for traffic, including 3,358 km. of expressways, and the building of 1,423 km. of new railway lines and 643 km. of double-tracked railway lines. In addition, the development of urban infrastructure and environmental protection were significantly stepped up, leading to remarkable changes in many cities. Efforts to upgrade technology in enterprises and apply more high and new technology in production were accelerated. We added 900,000 km. of modern high- and low-voltage lines to rural power grids through extension or upgrading of the existing lines. State-owned grain depots with a total capacity of 25 billion kg. were built. All the above have not only contributed to current economic growth, but they also have laid a better foundation for long-term economic development.This year the main content of our sustained proactive fiscal policy is as follows. First of all, long-term treasury bonds worth 100 billion yuan will be issued, and the resulting funds will be invested mainly in water conservation, transportation and communications and other infrastructure projects, science, technology and education facilities, environmental improvement and ecological conservation projects and technological upgrading in enterprises, with more investment directed to the central and western regions of the country. The funds raised from the additional treasury bonds will be earmarked for projects under construction so that they can be completed and go into operation on schedule. We should work hard to raise the return on investments and make sure that no projects without solid funding or long drawn-out projects are launched. Control must be tightened over project quality and inspection and audit supervision must be strengthened to ensure that all projects are built well and that no project funds are misappropriated. Second, we must continue to carry out the policy measures introduced in 1999 for adjusting income distribution to ensure steady growth in the incomes of urban residents in the middle- and low-income range. Enterprises should also appropriately increase employee salaries whenever better economic performance is achieved. Government finance departments at all levels should make adjustments in their pattern of expenditures to ensure that the basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, basic old-age pensions for retirees, the subsistence allowances for urban residents, and salaries of public servants are paid out in full and on time. Third, we should make more use of means such as taxation and pricing, and continue to revoke policies, laws and statutes restricting consumption in order to encourage investment, promote consumption and increase exports.Over the past few years deficits and the national debt have increased to some extent, but this is necessary to guarantee reform, development and stability. Because the servicing of treasury bonds is listed in this year's budget, the deficit is somewhat larger than originally expected. Nevertheless, the deficits and the issue of treasury bonds this year will roughly stand at the previous year's levels and still be kept within limits our national economy can sustain. So long as our economy continues to grow rapidly and economic performance keeps improving over a fairlylong period, we will be able to repay the debt. At the same time, we must take measures to guard against financial risks.We should take better advantage of the role of monetary policy. Financial institutions should balance their efforts to support economic growth and prevent financial risks. In accordance with the principle of prudent operation, they should adopt a variety of measures to increase support for economic development. The People's Bank of China should regulate total money supply as necessary by using various tools of monetary policy. Financial services should be substantially improved. In state banks, internal capital allocation should be improved, and limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. We should promptly grant fixed asset loans to support projects financed by the issue of treasury bonds. We should guarantee floating capital loans for profitable and trustworthy enterprises whose products are readily marketable. More loans should be granted to small and medium-sized enterprises with various types of ownership, especially enterprises based on advances in science and technology. We should also make the efforts necessary to solve the problem of farmers having difficulty taking out loans. We should stop or reduce lending to enterprises that are building redundant projects or have large stocks of unsold products or whose production capacity needs to be reduced. We should vigorously expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans for consumers, and improve methods and simplify procedures to increase the efficiency in processing loan applications. We should further standardize and develop the securities market so that enterprises will be able to increase the proportion of direct financing. We should improve the system for issuing and listing stocks on stock markets. We should also support large state-owned enterprises and high and new technology enterprises in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market. In order to expand the insurance industry we should strictly examine and approve the establishment of insurance enterprises in accordance with the law.In compliance with the requirements of the National Conference on Financial Work held by the central authorities in 1997, we should continue to deepen financial reform, rectify financial order, tighten financial supervision and regulation by law, prevent and reduce financial risks and improve performance in order to create favorable conditions for taking better advantage of the role of monetary policy.This year, in addition to sustaining the volume of investment from treasury bonds, we should appropriately increase bank fixed asset lending investment and encourage investment by enterprises themselves. We should also encourage the collective, private and self-employed sectors to increase investment and improve the investment environment to attract more direct foreign investment. At the same time, we should prohibit the development of redundant projects and increase investment returns by using a combination of economic and legal means supplemented by necessary administrative measures.Reform measures should be made more transparent; the general public's confidence in the future needs to be strengthened; and more immediate consumption should be encouraged. Some major reform measures closely related to the interests of the general public have already gone into effect. In implementing them, all localities should take into full consideration the general public'scapacity to tolerate the changes and not shift costs formerly borne by the government and society onto the general public. We should foster new consumption growth areas such as housing and make housing construction truly a major industry. Commercial services in areas such as telecommunications, tourism, culture, entertainment, health care and sports should be expanded. Particular emphasis should be given to increasing the income of farmers and expanding rural markets. Policies aimed at reducing the burden on farmers must continue to be implemented strictly. We must promote reform of taxes and charges in rural areas to substantially lighten the burden on farmers. Experiments will be carried out in Anhui Province this year so that the work can be done in other parts of the country after the results of the experiments are analyzed. Efforts to attain the goal set in the seven-year plan to help 80 million people get out of poverty should be intensified.III. Working Energetically to Promote Strategic Restructuringof the EconomyAcceleration of the strategic restructuring of the economy is urgently needed to meet the current need to boost domestic demand and stimulate economic growth. This economic restructuring is also essential to adapt to changes in China's economic development as it moves from one stage to another and to cope with increasingly keen international competition. This restructuring is not only aimed at solving current pressing problems; more importantly, it is aimed at long-term development, improving the overall quality of the national economy and bringing the economy to a higher level of development. Adjustment and optimization of the economic structure should be market-oriented, rely on scientific and technological advances, and adopt new systems and methods compatible with the development of a socialist market economy. Our work this year will be focused on the following areas.We should further stabilize and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy. Because of good harvests in the past several years running and the relative surplus of farm produce, it is particularly important that we guard against the tendency to neglect agricultural development. China has entered a new stage of agricultural development and strategic adjustment of agricultural production is an important task at this stage. Farmers should be actively encouraged to transform agricultural production by developing livestock breeding, forestry, aquaculture and production of highly processed grain and other agricultural products. The varieties of crops cultivated and breeds of livestock raised should be improved and great efforts should be made to spread the use of applied agricultural scientific and technological achievements so that high-quality products are developed to meet the demand of the market. We should adjust the patterns of agricultural production in different regions, taking into account their relative abundance of resources and other local relative advantages. We should develop high-efficiency, ecological and export-oriented agriculture where conditions permit. In restructuring agriculture, we should fully respect the farmer's right to independence in production and operation, avoiding coercion and commands. We should develop specialized cooperative economic organizations and industrial operations in which farmers work with companies, linking household farm operations with large markets and bringing about agricultural restructuring. We should provide guidance and support for town and township enterprises in their efforts to restructure to meet the demand of the market and improve their managerial and technical levels. Plans should be worked out andeffective policy measures should be taken to accelerate the development of small towns. Arable land should be effectively protected. We should step up agricultural infrastructure development, focusing on water conservancy projects to improve production and living conditions in rural areas.We need to intensify industrial restructuring efforts. To improve the industrial structure, product quality and economic performance, and become more competitive internationally, we should adopt the following measures. First, following the laws governing the market economy, we should employ a variety of means to limit the production of non-marketable products. More small and technologically backward plants and mines that produce shoddy products, waste resources and cause serious pollution should be closed down. More outmoded equipment, technology and production processes should be abandoned and the surplus production capacity in certain industries should be reduced. Second, we should take effective measures to speed up technological upgrading in enterprises, giving preferences to old industrial bases. We should continue to put quality above everything else, introduce advanced standards and restructure and optimize the pattern of production. Efforts to develop new technology, production processes and products that are in great demand on the market need to be intensified. Production of more readily marketable products, especially famous, quality products, should be encouraged. Third, vigorous efforts should be made to develop high technology and emerging industries, particularly in the field of information, bioengineering, new energy sources, new materials and environmental protection. In addition, we should develop more labor-intensive industries. Fourth, industrial reorganization efforts should be continued to help key industries improve their economy of scale and optimize their distribution. We should work hard to upgrade the technology used in the major equipment manufacturing and basic materials industries. The relevant departments under the State Council should expeditiously work out plans and adopt measures to stimulate industrial restructuring and technological upgrading.Developing tertiary industry is of great importance to our efforts to optimize the economic structure, create jobs and increase consumption. While continuing to develop transport, commerce and trade, we need to make great efforts to develop information, banking and financial services, tourism, community services and intermediary services to gradually raise the proportion of tertiary industry in the national economy.The large-scale development strategy to speed up development of the central and western regions of the country is a major policy decision made by the CPC Central Committee for the new century in accordance with Deng Xiaoping's strategy for China's modernization drive, which encompasses the development of both the coastal areas and the interior. This is crucial to our efforts to boost domestic demand, promote sustained national economic growth and bring about coordinated development of regional economies for eventual common prosperity as well as to strengthen national unity, safeguard social stability and consolidate border defense. Implementing this great policy decision is a long-term systems engineering project. We need not only a sense of urgency, but also a comprehensive plan focusing on key areas. We must carry out the plan step by step and refrain from rushing headlong into action.For the present and some time to come, we have to focus on the following objectives. First, we need to accelerate infrastructure development. While mainly concentrating on highways,。

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-- Remarkable achievements were made in infrastructure development. By concentrating our resources, we completed a number of key infrastructure projects of nationwide significance. We built water conservancy projects on a scale larger than any other time since the founding of New China. The investment in these projects nationwide totaled 356.2 billion Yuan for the five years, which was equal to the total investment in this field from 1950 through 1997 after adjusting for price changes. A number of key water conservancy projects were launched or completed. Work on reinforcing 35,000 km of river embankments was started. Over 3,500 km of main dikes of the Yangtze River and nearly 1,000 km of dikes of the Yellow River have been reinforced, and their capacity to withstand floods has been greatly increased. The second phase of the Three Gorges water control project on the Yangtze River, which has attracted world attention, will soon be completed; water control facilities such as the one at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River became operational, and construction on the South-North Water Diversion Project was begun. Transport developed on an unprecedented scale, and a comprehensive modern transport system began to take shape. In these five years, China invested 1.2343 trillion Yuan in highway building, which was equal to 170% of the figure for the period from 1950 through 1997 after adjusting for price changes. The total length of highways open to traffic increased from 1.23 million km in 1997 to 1.76 million km in 2002, of which expressways increased from 4,771 km to 25,200 km, lifting China from the 39th to the second place in the world. Railway length increased from 65,969 km to 71,500 km. Over the past five years, construction of 5,944 km of new railway lines, of which 4,603 km are double-track and 5,704 km are electrified, was completed. A total of 50 airports were either newly built or expanded. The annual cargo handling capacity of dock berths for 10,000 ton-class or larger ships increased by 144 million tons. Construction of postal and telecommunications facilities greatly expanded. The length of installed long-distance optical cables increased from 150,000 km in 1997 to 470,000 km in 2002, and the number of fixed-line and mobile phone subscribers increased from 83.54 million to 421 million, ranking China first in the world. Construction in the energy sector was further intensified. The installed power-generating capacity increased from 254 million kw in 1997 to 353 million kw in 2002. Urban planning and public utility construction improved notably, greatly changing the appearance of many cities. The infrastructure improved remarkably, which significantly increased the capability for our future economic development.
-- The economy maintained a high growth rate. China's GDP rose from 7.4 trillion Yuan in 1997 to 10.2 trillion Yuan in 2002, an average annual increase of 7.7%, when calculated in constant prices. Notable results were achieved in the readjustment of the industrial structure. The supply of grain and other major agricultural products took a historic shift from chronic short ages to an overall balance with surpluses during good years. High and new technology industries, such as the IT industry, expanded rapidly. The transformation of traditional industries was accelerated. Modern service industries developed rapidly. The quality and efficiency of economic growth improved constantly. National tax revenue grew by a large margin every year. Total fiscal revenue rose from 0.8651 trillion Yuan in 1997 to 1.8914 trillion Yuan in 2002, an average annual increase of 205.3 billion Yuan. China's foreign exchange reserves climbed from 139.9 billion to 286.4 billion US dollars. Investment in fixed assets over the five years totaled 17.2 trillion Yuan. In particular, based on the issuance of 660 billion Yuan of long-term construction treasury bonds, 3.28 trillion Yuan of bank loans and funds from other sources were generated for investment, allowing us to accomplish many large undertakings we had been wanting but unable to undertake for years for lack of resources. The productive forces reached a new high, and the country's economic strength and ability to withstand risks and compete internationally grew significantly.
The five years since the First Session of the Ninth National People's Congress have been an extraordinary period. Soon after this government took office, the Asian financial crisis struck, and world economic growth stagnated. Domestically, irrationalities in the industrial structure became critical, and large numbers of workers were laid off from state-owned enterprises. Catastrophic floods struck in 1998 and 1999. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, our people of all ethnic groups have forged ahead, worked still harder in solidarity, surmounted numerous difficulties, and made great achievements in reform, opening up and economic and social development that have won worldwide recognition. We have attained the strategic goals for the second stage of our modernization drive and begun our march towards the third stage goals.

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