《实用大学英语 4》Unit2
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实用大学英语
Unit Two
Section A LisБайду номын сангаасening and Speaking ◆学习前元音、爆破音、辅音连缀以及清辅音浊化 ◆掌握Greeting and Introducing的相关表达
Section B Reading
• ◆阅读两篇有关Person的文章
• Section C Trying Your Hand
• 建国:《独立宣言》(Declaration of Independence)发表(1776年7月4日)
• 转折:萨拉托加大捷(Great Victory in Saratoga)(1777年春)
• 胜利:英军投降(1781年)
• 独立:英国被迫承认美国独立
Structure
• Para.1-2∶George Washington played an important role in the American War of Independence.
(bourgeois revolution)。它推翻了英国的殖民统治(colonial rule),建立
了美利坚合众国(the United States of America)。
•
美国独立战争是以弱胜强的典型战例。国内外人民群众的拥护与支持、
法、西、荷等国的援助和灵活的战略战术,都是独立战争最终取得胜利的保
• Para 3∶George Washington gained the respect of his people with his achievements and personal charm.
• Para 4∶George Washington was elected the country’s first president and is remembered as the “Father of Our Country”.
read the text by yourself before class → try to answer the questions below with the given expressions → organize your ideas into a short passage → give a two-minute presentation in class
• Dialogue 2 • Ⅰ. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best
answer to each of the following questions.
• Ⅱ. Listen to the dialogue again and answer the following questions.
送气较弱。
• /t/,/d/的发音要领: • 舌:舌尖抵住上齿龈,阻住气流,然后突然分开。 • 气流:从舌尖和上齿龈间泄出。 • 声带:发/t/时声带不振动,送气较强;发/d/时声带振动,
送气较弱。
/k/,/g/的发音要领: • 舌:舌后部先抬起,紧贴软腭,形成阻碍,然后突然离开。 • 气流:从舌后部和软腭间冲出。 • 声带:发/k/时声带不振动,气流较强;发/ /时声带振动,
“在…活动中,在…状态中”。 • ④ Nothing much. 没什么。 • ⑤ pretty busy非常忙,好忙 • ⑥ Seems like all I do is work and work. • 此处省略了主语,相当于It seems like… • ⑦ The pleasure is mine. • 很荣幸认识你。
• lead… towards independence/victory领导…走向独立/ 胜利
George Washington
Background Tips
美国独立战争(1775-1783)
•
美国独立战争(American War of Independence)是世界历史上第
一次大规模的殖民地争取民族独立的战争,也是一场资产阶级革命
e.g. Do you see her come in?
• 舌尖抵下齿,开口比/e/大些,上下齿间可 容下两个交叠的食指,舌前部稍抬起,比/e/ 低,双唇向两旁平伸,咽喉收缩。
• ◆爆破音/p/, /b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/ • /p/, /b/的发音要领: • 唇:双唇先合拢,阻住气流,然后突然分开。 • 气流:从口腔经双唇冲出。 • 声带:发/p/时声带不振动,送气较强;发/b/时声带振动,
• ◆了解名词的用法
• ◆学习基本句型的扩展
• A. 前元音 /iː/ , /i/, /e/, /æ /
• 爆破音/p/, /b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/
• ◆前元音 /iː/ , /i/, /e/, /æ /
• /iː/的发音要领:
• 舌尖抵下齿,上下齿间有一丝丝缝隙,舌前部尽力向硬腭 抬起,但没有任何接触。口腔肌肉紧张,嘴唇向两旁伸开, 唇形扁平,作微笑状。发音和汉语的“衣”比较相近。
• /s/后面清辅音浊化的规则:
• ① /s/+清辅音+元音,无论是在单词的最 前面还是中间,只要是在重读音节或次重 读音节里,一般都读成相应的浊辅音,如 stand, strike, speak, sky 等。
• ② /s/+清辅音,不存在浊化的问题,如 grasp,test,desk等,仍发清辅音。
• ① And you?你呢? • ② Long time no see. How are things? • 相当于 Haven’t seen you for ages. How’s
everything?好久不见,过得怎么样啊? • ③ What’s up? • 相当于 What’s new? 有什么新鲜事吗?up 在这里表示
Exercises
• Ⅰ. Listen to the disk and tell which of the words has been read.
• Ⅱ. Read the following expressions aloud and try to find out the words with /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ and /g/.
• respected 受人尊重, 念
be remembered as…作为…而被人们怀
• be cruel to对…残忍
free from…独立于…
• issue发布,发表
general将军
• contribution贡献
in my opinion/ view在我看来
• a war between…and…一场…和…之间的战争
• Dialogue 1 • Ⅰ. Listen to the dialogue and decide
whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). • Ⅱ. Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the information you’ve heard. • Ⅲ . Role Play
• /i/的发音要领:
• 舌尖抵下齿,开口比/iː/大些,上下齿间可容下一小指头尖, 舌前部尽力向硬腭抬起,但没有任何接触。舌位比
• /iː/低,舌部肌肉比 /iː/放松,唇形扁平。
• /e/的发音要领:
• 舌尖抵下齿,上下齿间可容下一食指,舌 位比/i/低,口腔肌肉松弛,嘴角侧展,唇形 稍扁。
• /æ /的发音要领:
• Passage 1
• Now you’ll hear a passage. Listen to it and complete the following sentences according to the information you’ve heard with the words and phrases provided in the box. Then listen to it again and check your answers.
★ Questions:
• 1. What do you know about George Washington?
• 2. What do you know about American War of Independence?
• 3. What is the relation between George Washington and American War of Independence?
• Ⅲ. Listen to the disk and read the following sentences.
• Ⅳ. Listen to the disk and read the following expressions, paying attention to the devoicing phenomenon and pick out the words that have been devoiced.
• Passage 2
• Ⅰ. Now you’ll hear a passage, which is
followed by four questions. Listen to it and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Then listen to it again and check your answers. • Ⅱ. Introduce yourself by answering the following questions.
证。
•
美国独立战争没有解决土地问题和奴隶制(slavery system)问题,最终
导致了内战(American Civil War)的爆发。
• 重大事件:
• 爆发:莱克星顿(Lexington)的枪声(1775年春)
• 建军:第二届大陆会议建立大陆军(Continental Army),华盛顿为总司令
气流较弱。
• B. 辅音连缀 辅音浊化
• ◆辅音连缀 • 两个或者两个以上的辅音连在一起的现象叫做辅
音连缀,如desk /desk/中的/sk/。 • 辅音浊化 • 清清辅音浊化清辅音浊化只是一种发音现象,不
是规则。按照英语读音的习惯,在/s/音后面的清 辅音会读成相应的浊辅音,这就是清辅音浊化。
问候方式的区域差异
• 在日本(Japan),鞠躬(bow)被看作是尊重别人和谦虚的 表现;而很多美国人则认为这太失体面(lose face)。
• 在东南亚(South East Asia),“wai”表示问候;在印度 (India),人们以祈祷(pray)的方式双手合掌于胸前,同时 微微把头低下,这种问候方式称为合十礼(namaste)。
• 4. Why is George Washington respected by American people?
• 5. Who do you think is the greatest person in Chinese modern history?
★ Useful Expressions:
• New Words • Phrases and Expressions
Notes:
…he had his soldiers attack the enemy in the city of Trenton…
此句注意一个结构:have+somebody+不带to 的不 定式。其他类似的动词有:
使役动词: make, let 感官动词: see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel
• 在新西兰(New Zealand),毛利部落的问候方式是互相摩 擦鼻子(rub the nose);在中非(Central Africa)的部分地 区则是互相吐唾沫(spit)于对方脚上;而在中国西藏 (Tibet),传统的问候方式是伸舌头。
• Pre-class Work: Two-minute Presentation
Unit Two
Section A LisБайду номын сангаасening and Speaking ◆学习前元音、爆破音、辅音连缀以及清辅音浊化 ◆掌握Greeting and Introducing的相关表达
Section B Reading
• ◆阅读两篇有关Person的文章
• Section C Trying Your Hand
• 建国:《独立宣言》(Declaration of Independence)发表(1776年7月4日)
• 转折:萨拉托加大捷(Great Victory in Saratoga)(1777年春)
• 胜利:英军投降(1781年)
• 独立:英国被迫承认美国独立
Structure
• Para.1-2∶George Washington played an important role in the American War of Independence.
(bourgeois revolution)。它推翻了英国的殖民统治(colonial rule),建立
了美利坚合众国(the United States of America)。
•
美国独立战争是以弱胜强的典型战例。国内外人民群众的拥护与支持、
法、西、荷等国的援助和灵活的战略战术,都是独立战争最终取得胜利的保
• Para 3∶George Washington gained the respect of his people with his achievements and personal charm.
• Para 4∶George Washington was elected the country’s first president and is remembered as the “Father of Our Country”.
read the text by yourself before class → try to answer the questions below with the given expressions → organize your ideas into a short passage → give a two-minute presentation in class
• Dialogue 2 • Ⅰ. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best
answer to each of the following questions.
• Ⅱ. Listen to the dialogue again and answer the following questions.
送气较弱。
• /t/,/d/的发音要领: • 舌:舌尖抵住上齿龈,阻住气流,然后突然分开。 • 气流:从舌尖和上齿龈间泄出。 • 声带:发/t/时声带不振动,送气较强;发/d/时声带振动,
送气较弱。
/k/,/g/的发音要领: • 舌:舌后部先抬起,紧贴软腭,形成阻碍,然后突然离开。 • 气流:从舌后部和软腭间冲出。 • 声带:发/k/时声带不振动,气流较强;发/ /时声带振动,
“在…活动中,在…状态中”。 • ④ Nothing much. 没什么。 • ⑤ pretty busy非常忙,好忙 • ⑥ Seems like all I do is work and work. • 此处省略了主语,相当于It seems like… • ⑦ The pleasure is mine. • 很荣幸认识你。
• lead… towards independence/victory领导…走向独立/ 胜利
George Washington
Background Tips
美国独立战争(1775-1783)
•
美国独立战争(American War of Independence)是世界历史上第
一次大规模的殖民地争取民族独立的战争,也是一场资产阶级革命
e.g. Do you see her come in?
• 舌尖抵下齿,开口比/e/大些,上下齿间可 容下两个交叠的食指,舌前部稍抬起,比/e/ 低,双唇向两旁平伸,咽喉收缩。
• ◆爆破音/p/, /b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/ • /p/, /b/的发音要领: • 唇:双唇先合拢,阻住气流,然后突然分开。 • 气流:从口腔经双唇冲出。 • 声带:发/p/时声带不振动,送气较强;发/b/时声带振动,
• ◆了解名词的用法
• ◆学习基本句型的扩展
• A. 前元音 /iː/ , /i/, /e/, /æ /
• 爆破音/p/, /b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/
• ◆前元音 /iː/ , /i/, /e/, /æ /
• /iː/的发音要领:
• 舌尖抵下齿,上下齿间有一丝丝缝隙,舌前部尽力向硬腭 抬起,但没有任何接触。口腔肌肉紧张,嘴唇向两旁伸开, 唇形扁平,作微笑状。发音和汉语的“衣”比较相近。
• /s/后面清辅音浊化的规则:
• ① /s/+清辅音+元音,无论是在单词的最 前面还是中间,只要是在重读音节或次重 读音节里,一般都读成相应的浊辅音,如 stand, strike, speak, sky 等。
• ② /s/+清辅音,不存在浊化的问题,如 grasp,test,desk等,仍发清辅音。
• ① And you?你呢? • ② Long time no see. How are things? • 相当于 Haven’t seen you for ages. How’s
everything?好久不见,过得怎么样啊? • ③ What’s up? • 相当于 What’s new? 有什么新鲜事吗?up 在这里表示
Exercises
• Ⅰ. Listen to the disk and tell which of the words has been read.
• Ⅱ. Read the following expressions aloud and try to find out the words with /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ and /g/.
• respected 受人尊重, 念
be remembered as…作为…而被人们怀
• be cruel to对…残忍
free from…独立于…
• issue发布,发表
general将军
• contribution贡献
in my opinion/ view在我看来
• a war between…and…一场…和…之间的战争
• Dialogue 1 • Ⅰ. Listen to the dialogue and decide
whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). • Ⅱ. Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the information you’ve heard. • Ⅲ . Role Play
• /i/的发音要领:
• 舌尖抵下齿,开口比/iː/大些,上下齿间可容下一小指头尖, 舌前部尽力向硬腭抬起,但没有任何接触。舌位比
• /iː/低,舌部肌肉比 /iː/放松,唇形扁平。
• /e/的发音要领:
• 舌尖抵下齿,上下齿间可容下一食指,舌 位比/i/低,口腔肌肉松弛,嘴角侧展,唇形 稍扁。
• /æ /的发音要领:
• Passage 1
• Now you’ll hear a passage. Listen to it and complete the following sentences according to the information you’ve heard with the words and phrases provided in the box. Then listen to it again and check your answers.
★ Questions:
• 1. What do you know about George Washington?
• 2. What do you know about American War of Independence?
• 3. What is the relation between George Washington and American War of Independence?
• Ⅲ. Listen to the disk and read the following sentences.
• Ⅳ. Listen to the disk and read the following expressions, paying attention to the devoicing phenomenon and pick out the words that have been devoiced.
• Passage 2
• Ⅰ. Now you’ll hear a passage, which is
followed by four questions. Listen to it and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Then listen to it again and check your answers. • Ⅱ. Introduce yourself by answering the following questions.
证。
•
美国独立战争没有解决土地问题和奴隶制(slavery system)问题,最终
导致了内战(American Civil War)的爆发。
• 重大事件:
• 爆发:莱克星顿(Lexington)的枪声(1775年春)
• 建军:第二届大陆会议建立大陆军(Continental Army),华盛顿为总司令
气流较弱。
• B. 辅音连缀 辅音浊化
• ◆辅音连缀 • 两个或者两个以上的辅音连在一起的现象叫做辅
音连缀,如desk /desk/中的/sk/。 • 辅音浊化 • 清清辅音浊化清辅音浊化只是一种发音现象,不
是规则。按照英语读音的习惯,在/s/音后面的清 辅音会读成相应的浊辅音,这就是清辅音浊化。
问候方式的区域差异
• 在日本(Japan),鞠躬(bow)被看作是尊重别人和谦虚的 表现;而很多美国人则认为这太失体面(lose face)。
• 在东南亚(South East Asia),“wai”表示问候;在印度 (India),人们以祈祷(pray)的方式双手合掌于胸前,同时 微微把头低下,这种问候方式称为合十礼(namaste)。
• 4. Why is George Washington respected by American people?
• 5. Who do you think is the greatest person in Chinese modern history?
★ Useful Expressions:
• New Words • Phrases and Expressions
Notes:
…he had his soldiers attack the enemy in the city of Trenton…
此句注意一个结构:have+somebody+不带to 的不 定式。其他类似的动词有:
使役动词: make, let 感官动词: see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel
• 在新西兰(New Zealand),毛利部落的问候方式是互相摩 擦鼻子(rub the nose);在中非(Central Africa)的部分地 区则是互相吐唾沫(spit)于对方脚上;而在中国西藏 (Tibet),传统的问候方式是伸舌头。
• Pre-class Work: Two-minute Presentation