(完整版)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。

它们属于不同时间的两种时态，现在完成时属于现在时态的范畴，而一般过去时属于过去时态的范畴。

下面我们先从构成形式上区别一下两种时态。

现在完成时的动词形式为：“have (has)+动词的过去分词”像have/has done：而一般过去时的动词形式为：“动词的过去式”像did .例如：
Jack’s mother took him to school every day when he was in primary school.
杰克在小学时他妈妈每天送他上学。

Maria has never read any Chinese stories. 玛利亚从未读过中国故事。

2. 基本用法不同：“对现在影响”、“持续到现在”
正如前面所说，现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态的范畴，现在完成时与一般过去时最大的区别有两点：它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。

例如:
Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了动物园。

（仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关）
Li Lei has read the book. 李磊已看过那本书。

（说明李磊
了解那本书的内容）
另外，现在完成时还可以表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在，强调动作的延续性它常与for及since引导的一段时间状语连用。

例如：
He has lived here for ten years. 他已在这儿住了10年了。

比较：
1.) The Greens have worked in China since 1998.
格林一家自1998年到现在一直在中国工作。

The Greens worked in China in 1998.格林一家1998年在中国工作。

2.) He has lived in the country for a long time. 他在农村生活了很长时间。

（现在还在农村）
He lived in the country for a long time before he came to town.
他进城前在农村生活了很长时间。

3.) She has bought a bicycle.她买了一辆自行车。

（现在她有一辆自行车了。

）
She bought a bicycle last year.去年她买了一辆自行车。

4.) He has won a prize for his invention.
他因为他的发明而获奖了。

He also won a prize last year.他去年也获奖了。

注意：
在与for及since引导的一段时间状语连用时，句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，终止性动词不可和一段时间连用。

例如：他当兵已三年了。

误：He has become a soldier for three years.
误：He joined the army for three years.
正：He has been a soldier for three years.
正：He has been in the army for three years.
1. 连用的时间状语不同
与现在完成时连用的时间状语除了上面所说明的由since和for引导的一段时间外还有：already, yet, still ,just, so far, in the last(past), before, ever, never等。

而一般过去时则常与ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now等连用。

注意：现在完成时态不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等之类的表示具体的过去时间的状语连用。

例如：Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in the park?
你曾在公园里摘过花或曾踩过草地吗？
Father bought that watch ten years ago.
爸爸10年前买了那块手表。

I have never seen the film before.
我以前没有看过这部影片。

注意：在when引导的特殊疑问句中不可用现在完成时，而
只可用一般过去时。

例如：
When did you visit Japan? 你什么时候访问过日本？
Exercises:
◇同步练习
动词填空：
1. saw I ___________(see) Tom last Friday.
2. Did，go ________you ________(go) to the Great Wall last summer?
3. When ____did__ you ___start____(start) to live in China?
5. ----The train ____________ (leave) already.
----When ________ the train
_________(leave)?
6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you last.
7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last two weeks?
8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom.
I have to write with a pencil.
单项选择：
( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone!
A. did you put; have put
B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; have put
( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school.
A. taught; came
B. has taught; came
C. taught; has come
D. has taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It
_______ 10 minutes ago. (山东)
A. left
B. has left
C. has been left
D. had left
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重庆)
A. saw
B. see
C.
seeing D. have seen
( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa? （宁波）
---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday.
A. have visited
B. had visited
C. visited
D. visit
( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京)
---- I ______ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.
A. hadn’t seen; am
B. haven’t seen; was
C. didn’t see; will be
D. haven’t seen; shall be
( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here?
---- There ______ very little rain.
A. has
B. has been
C.
are D. have been
( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary?
A. did; lose
B. has; lost
C. will; lose
D. does; lose
( ) 9. Where ______ you _______? Which answer is not right?
A. are; going
B. have; been
C. did; go
D. are; doing
( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have
C.
are D. have been
Keys:
动词填空：
1. saw
2. Did, go
3. have, put, put
4. did, start
5. has left, did, leave
6. met
7. have, been
8. have lost
单项选择：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD。