生物专业英语34页PPT
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生物专业英语(共62张PPT)
energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步,称光反应,水分子裂解 (被氧化),释放氧气,并形成ATP和 NADPH(还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸)。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
2022/9/25
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Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说,这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程,其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看,它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能,释放能量的过程,而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中,当捕光分子回到基态时,额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步,称光反应,水分子裂解 (被氧化),释放氧气,并形成ATP和 NADPH(还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸)。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
2022/9/25
9
Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说,这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程,其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看,它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能,释放能量的过程,而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中,当捕光分子回到基态时,额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
细胞生物学Introduction of cell biologyPPT课件
Cell organelle (Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Endomembrane
system, nucleus etc.)
Cytoskeleton System
Cell proliferation and regulation
Cell differentiation and gene expression Cell apoptosis and cellular aging
structure
function
molecular mechanisms of the intricate activities of cells
细胞生物学是: 研究细胞基本 生命活动规律 的科学,它从 不同层次上主 要研究……
The structure of cells
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The course mainly covers:
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Suggestions to Study Cell Biology
Fundamental Concepts and theories Experimental approaches and ideas (As you read this
text, think like a researcher)
Reductionist (knowledge of the parts of the whole can
explain the character of the whole) Don’t accept everything you read as being true. Remain skeptical! English is just a tool! Take notes when you listened especially what I have emphasized
生物专业英语上传PPT精选文档
4
Professional Words and Phrases
(Continued)
classification [klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类,类别
biochemistry ['baiəu'kemistri] n. 生物化学
molecular biology 分子生物学
molecular level 分子水平
Chapter 1 Biology
1.1 What is Biology? 1.2 The Origin of Life 1.3 The Significance of Biology in Your Life 1.4 The History of Biology– Additional Reading
microorganism [maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm] n. 微生物
well-being ['wel'bi:iŋ] n. 健康,福利
agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n. 农业
livestock ['laivstɔk] n. 家畜,牲畜
ecology [i:‘kɔlədʒi] n. 生态学
1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1 What is Biology?
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s wellbeing in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.
Professional Words and Phrases
(Continued)
classification [klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类,类别
biochemistry ['baiəu'kemistri] n. 生物化学
molecular biology 分子生物学
molecular level 分子水平
Chapter 1 Biology
1.1 What is Biology? 1.2 The Origin of Life 1.3 The Significance of Biology in Your Life 1.4 The History of Biology– Additional Reading
microorganism [maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm] n. 微生物
well-being ['wel'bi:iŋ] n. 健康,福利
agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n. 农业
livestock ['laivstɔk] n. 家畜,牲畜
ecology [i:‘kɔlədʒi] n. 生态学
1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1 What is Biology?
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s wellbeing in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.
生物专业英语PPT
The genomic formula of the alien chromosomes in TE253 was 2 St + 8 J S + 2 J + 2 J-St.
The problem which haven't solved
We are presently developing chromosome addition and substitution(替换) lines to identify(确认) the chromosome location of the powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance(抗性) genes.
The problem need to be solve
In this study, we determined the genomic composition of a partial amphiploid TE253 by GISH probed with St genomic DNA from Ps. strigosa and evaluated its resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust as well. 我们通过基因组原位杂交探测从Ps. Strigosa到St基 因组确定了局部TE253基因的组成,并且还评估了 对白粉病和条锈病的抗性。
The method of the study
Cytogenetic Analyses(细胞遗传学分析)
其基本原理是用不同荧光物质分别标记病变细胞DNA 和正常细胞然后与正常中期细胞染色体杂交。 荧光原位杂交技术 用荧光物质标记特异性DNA探针,与中期细胞染色体 或间期细胞核杂交,鉴别和确定出生缺陷、肿瘤细胞 染色体异常,分辨率可达50~500kb。
《生物专业英语》PPT课件
gene [dʒi:n] 基因
A unit of heredity located on a chromosome and composed a sequence of DNA nucleotides.
heredity [hə‘redɪti:] 遗传 nucleotide ['nu:kli:ə,taɪd] 核苷酸
dihybrid cross [dai‘haibrid]双因子杂种杂交
A cross between individuals that differ with respect to two specified gene pairs.
differ with 与...不一致 specified 指定的 respect 关系
particular 特殊的, 特别的 allelic 等位基因的
homozygous [,hɔmə'zaiɡəus] 纯合的
A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for particular characteristic.
identical 同一的, 同样的
incomplete dominance [, inkəm'pli:t 'dɔmənəns] 不完全显性
The condition in which two allelic genes have a different effect when
they are together as a heterozygote in a diploid cell than either of
germ plasm theory 种质学说
A substance thought to be transmitted in the gametes (germ cells) in an unchanged form from generation to generation. The germ plasm was believed to be unaffected by the environment and to give rise to the body cells.
生物技术专业英语演示课件
1.Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory 细胞质:动力工厂
Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning. 生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。细胞质大部分由 半流体物质组成,并由细胞膜(原生质膜)包被。细胞器悬 浮在其中,并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。细胞质中溶解了大量 的营养物质,离子,可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它 物质。
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• Systematics The science of animal
and plant classification.系统学
• Virology The science that deals
with the study of viruses.病毒学
• Zoology The science that deals
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• Invertebrate(无脊椎的)zoology A branch of zoology concerned with the taxonomy, behavior, and morphology of invertebrate animals.
Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning. 生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。细胞质大部分由 半流体物质组成,并由细胞膜(原生质膜)包被。细胞器悬 浮在其中,并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。细胞质中溶解了大量 的营养物质,离子,可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它 物质。
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• Systematics The science of animal
and plant classification.系统学
• Virology The science that deals
with the study of viruses.病毒学
• Zoology The science that deals
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• Invertebrate(无脊椎的)zoology A branch of zoology concerned with the taxonomy, behavior, and morphology of invertebrate animals.
生物专业英语ppt教材课程
• The course will also provide opportunities for students to practice their English communication skills through group discussions, presentations, and other activities
Active reading
Highlighting important information, asking questions about the text, and summarizing key points as you read This helps to retain information better
Course arrangement
• The course is usually divided into four or five modules, each module focusing on a specific topic in biology
• Each module includes a combination of theory, practice, and assignments to ensure that students can fully understand and apply the knowledge learned
Understanding the context
It is essential to understand the context in which the term is used to correctly translate its meaning
Use of dictionaries
Active reading
Highlighting important information, asking questions about the text, and summarizing key points as you read This helps to retain information better
Course arrangement
• The course is usually divided into four or five modules, each module focusing on a specific topic in biology
• Each module includes a combination of theory, practice, and assignments to ensure that students can fully understand and apply the knowledge learned
Understanding the context
It is essential to understand the context in which the term is used to correctly translate its meaning
Use of dictionaries
生物专业英语ppt讲解材料
Review Articles
These articles synthesize and evaluate research on a particular topic, providing an overview of the current state of knowledge.
Technical Reports
01
introduction
Purpose and background
Purpose
To provide a comprehensive overview of the field of biology, focusing on key concepts, principles, and applications.
Sentence structure and expression
Active Voice
Using active voice, especially in scientific writing, makes sentences more direct and easier to understand.
The study of heredity and the variation of traits within and between species.
Evolutionary Biology
Ecology
Biotechnology
The study of the origin and development of species through natural selection and other mechanisms.
These are written to communicate technical information in a clear and concise manner, often including tables, figures, and appendices.
生物专业英语第一章细胞与细胞器讲课文档
function in living things 细胞为一切生物的结构和功能单位 • 3. All cells are produced from other cells 细胞由原已存在的细胞分裂而来
第十页,共110页。
cell Classification 细胞分类
Biological world
细胞质:动力工厂
Glossary of part1 • cytoplasm :n.[生]细胞质 • cytoplasmic : adj.[生]细胞质的
• organelle: n.[生]细胞器 • cytoskeleton : n.细胞骨架
第二十一页,共110页。
external of cell
• Cell Membrane
第八页,共110页。
Cell Theory 细胞学说
• 19世纪中期,德国动物学家施旺
(Theodor Schwann)进一步发现动物细胞里 有细胞核,核的周围有液状物质,在外圈还 有一层膜,却没有细胞壁,他认为细胞的主 要部分是细胞核而非外圈的细胞壁.
• 同一时期,德国植物学家施莱登 (Matthias Schleiden)以植物为材料,
溶胶(cytosol),细胞器和包含物,在生活状
态下为透明的胶状物。(除细胞核以外). 细胞器是分布于细胞质内,包括:线粒体、内质
网、内网器、溶酶体、微丝、微管、中心粒等.
第二十三页,共110页。
Text Analysis
• Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm.
生物界由两大类细胞构成:
composed by twe types
第十页,共110页。
cell Classification 细胞分类
Biological world
细胞质:动力工厂
Glossary of part1 • cytoplasm :n.[生]细胞质 • cytoplasmic : adj.[生]细胞质的
• organelle: n.[生]细胞器 • cytoskeleton : n.细胞骨架
第二十一页,共110页。
external of cell
• Cell Membrane
第八页,共110页。
Cell Theory 细胞学说
• 19世纪中期,德国动物学家施旺
(Theodor Schwann)进一步发现动物细胞里 有细胞核,核的周围有液状物质,在外圈还 有一层膜,却没有细胞壁,他认为细胞的主 要部分是细胞核而非外圈的细胞壁.
• 同一时期,德国植物学家施莱登 (Matthias Schleiden)以植物为材料,
溶胶(cytosol),细胞器和包含物,在生活状
态下为透明的胶状物。(除细胞核以外). 细胞器是分布于细胞质内,包括:线粒体、内质
网、内网器、溶酶体、微丝、微管、中心粒等.
第二十三页,共110页。
Text Analysis
• Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm.
生物界由两大类细胞构成:
composed by twe types
生物专业英语BIOLOGICALENGLISHP
decimeter decigram
分米; 十分之一克;
14)centi 百分之一
centipoise
百分之一泊(粘度单位)
15)milli 千分之一,毫
millimole milliliter
毫摩(尔); 毫升;
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16)micro 百万分之一,微,微小,微量
microgram microogranism microecology micropipet
三角; 三酰甘油; 三羧酸循环;
4)quadri, quadru, quart, tetr, tetra 四
quadrilateral quadrivalent quadruped tetrode tetracycline
四边的; 四价的; 四足动物; 四极管; 四环素;
11
5)pent, penta, quique 五
13)eury
多,宽,广
eurythermal
广温的;
euryhaline
广盐性;
eurytopic species 广幅种; 32
上,高,超
超导体; 超流体; 超氧化物; 超分子的;
9)hyper 超过,过多
hypersensitive hyperelastic hypertension hyperploid
过敏的; 超弹性的; 高血压; 超倍体;
30
10)hypo 下,低,次
hypoglycaemia hypotension hypophysis
大孢子; 兆碱基; 巨核细胞; 兆伏; 特大城市;
21)macro
大,巨大,多
macrophage macrogamete macroelement macromolecular
生物学导论biology(共34张PPT)
Carbohydrate: monosaccharides or disaccharides, starch (primary form of carbohydrate we obtained), glycogen, cellulose
Function:
in the manufacture of
6~11 servings (1 serving = 1 slice of bread; 1/2 cup of cooked cereal, 1 ounce of ready to eat cereal, 100 kilocalories) each day
2 or 4 serving per day (1 serving = 1 medium apple; ½ cup of fruit; ¾ cup of juice)
Nutrition
A branch of science Processes by which we take in food and utilize it
➢ Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation
Genetic material, DNA, control the interconversion processes
19.1 Living Things as Chemical Factories 19.2 Kilocalories, Basal Metabolism, and Weight Control
19.3 The Chemical of Your Diet
19.5 The Food Guide Pyramid with Five Food Groups 19.6 Eating Disorders 19.7 Deficiency Diseases 19.8 Nutrition Through the Life Cycle
生物专业英语PPT课件
从医学到生命科学的各个领域 从基础研究到临床应用 从诊断到预防和治疗
单克隆抗体在临床诊断中应用
传染性疾病 HIV: 急性感染期和晚期: 核心抗原p24升高; 检测抗HIV抗体初筛; 免疫印迹进一步确认; CD4+T 细胞<200/l病情严重 HAV、HBV、HCV: 抗体 HFRS: 免疫荧光,ELISA(特异性IgM)
瘤细胞株, 4. 缺点是小鼠腹水中混有来自小鼠的多种杂蛋白,纯化难。
要点: 选用BALB/c小鼠( 因为杂交瘤细胞的两种亲本细胞都来自BALB/c小鼠)
破坏小鼠腹腔内膜(注入细胞的几周前,预先将具有刺激性的有机溶剂 降植烷(pristane)注入腹腔内,建立杂交瘤细胞易于增殖的环境使杂交 瘤细胞在腹腔内增殖良好)
- 2700 copies/virion
- monovalent display - multivalent display
- large proteins
- small peptides
- N-terminal display
- N-terminal display
- needs to be secreted - needs to be secreted
基因Ⅲ蛋白:分子量是 42000,含有 406 个氨基酸残基,在病毒感染的细菌内, 以其靠近羧基端的23个氨基酸组成的穿 膜区固定于内膜上,氨基端朝向周质腔。
位于噬菌体颗粒的一端,有3-5个拷 贝,其氨基端第1-198位氨基酸能够与大 肠杆菌的性菌毛结合,介导噬菌体颗粒 对大肠杆菌的感染,其羧基端部分则与 子代噬菌体从细菌胞内释放过程有关。
四、单克隆抗体的应用
单克隆抗体具有高度的特异性与灵敏性,可以广泛地由于临床医学的疾病 诊断,以提高疾病诊断的准确性。
单克隆抗体在临床诊断中应用
传染性疾病 HIV: 急性感染期和晚期: 核心抗原p24升高; 检测抗HIV抗体初筛; 免疫印迹进一步确认; CD4+T 细胞<200/l病情严重 HAV、HBV、HCV: 抗体 HFRS: 免疫荧光,ELISA(特异性IgM)
瘤细胞株, 4. 缺点是小鼠腹水中混有来自小鼠的多种杂蛋白,纯化难。
要点: 选用BALB/c小鼠( 因为杂交瘤细胞的两种亲本细胞都来自BALB/c小鼠)
破坏小鼠腹腔内膜(注入细胞的几周前,预先将具有刺激性的有机溶剂 降植烷(pristane)注入腹腔内,建立杂交瘤细胞易于增殖的环境使杂交 瘤细胞在腹腔内增殖良好)
- 2700 copies/virion
- monovalent display - multivalent display
- large proteins
- small peptides
- N-terminal display
- N-terminal display
- needs to be secreted - needs to be secreted
基因Ⅲ蛋白:分子量是 42000,含有 406 个氨基酸残基,在病毒感染的细菌内, 以其靠近羧基端的23个氨基酸组成的穿 膜区固定于内膜上,氨基端朝向周质腔。
位于噬菌体颗粒的一端,有3-5个拷 贝,其氨基端第1-198位氨基酸能够与大 肠杆菌的性菌毛结合,介导噬菌体颗粒 对大肠杆菌的感染,其羧基端部分则与 子代噬菌体从细菌胞内释放过程有关。
四、单克隆抗体的应用
单克隆抗体具有高度的特异性与灵敏性,可以广泛地由于临床医学的疾病 诊断,以提高疾病诊断的准确性。
生物专业英语上传PPT
organisms at the level of tissues and organs; ecology,
which studies the interactions between organisms
themselves; ethology, which studies the behavior of
Chapter 1 Biology
1.1 What is Biology? 1.2 The Origin of Life 1.3 The Significance of Biology in Your Life 1.4 The History of Biology– Additional Reading
2021/10/10
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1.1 What is Biology? (Continued)
• In recent years, much excitement in biology has centered on the sequencing of genomes and their comparison, called genomics, and the creation of life with custom-written DNA programming, called synthetic biology. These fields are sure to continue grabbing the headlines in the near future.
2021/10/10
10
Notes to the Difficult Sentences
• Besides classifications based on the category of organism being studied, biology contains many other specialized sub-disciplines, which may focus on just one category of organism or address organisms from different categories.
《生物科学专业英语》PPT课件
完整版课件pt
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细胞的遗传亚结构
完整版课件ppt
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细胞核和染色体 完整版课件ppt
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Chromosome 染色体
A DNA-histone thread residing in the nucleus of a cell. Each chromosome possesses two telomeres and a centromere, and some contain a nucleous organizer. RNA proteins are invariably associated with the chromosome.
完整版课件ppt
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Nuclear envelope 核膜,核被膜 A double membrane (two lipid
bilayers and associated proteins) that is the outermost portion of a cell nucleous. Nucleoid 核质体 The DNA-containing area of a prokaryote cell, analogous to eukaryote nucleus but not membrane bounded. Nucleoli 核仁 Nuclear structures composed of completed or partially completed ribosomes and the specific parts of chromosomes that contain the information for their 完整版课件ppt construction. 18
完整版课件ppt
《生物专业英语》课件
《生物专业英语》PPT课 件
生物专业英语PPT课件旨在概述生物学基础知识、介绍生物学研究方法和研 究领域,探讨与生物学相关的学科,以及展示生物学的应用和未来发展趋势。
概述生物学基础知识
生物学的定义和基本概念
生物学是研究生物体结构、功能和相互关系 的科学。
生物世界类,同时具有 多样性和相互依存性。
微生物学和免疫学
研究微生物和免疫系统的结构、功能和相互作用。
分子生物学和生物物理学
研究生物分子的结构、功能和相互作用。
与生物学相关的学科
生物化学和生理学
研究生物体的化学成分和生理功能。
医学和农学
应用生物学知识解决医学和农业问题。
环境科学和地球科学
研究生物与环境、地球等自然界要素的相互 关系。
生物信息学和计算生物学
运用计算机技术进行生物学研究和数据分析。
生物学应用
1
农业和食品产业
提高农作物产量和食品质量,实现可
药物工业和医疗保健
2
持续农业发展。
研发新药物和治疗方法,改善人类健
康。
3
生态保护和环境监测
保护生物多样性和生态系统平衡,监
创新技术和生物燃料
4
测环境污染和气候变化。
开发新技术和利用生物能源,促进可 持续发展。
生物化学和细胞生物学基础知识概 述
生物化学研究生物体的化学成分和反应过程, 细胞生物学研究生物体的基本单位。
生态学和环境保护
生态学研究生物和环境的相互关系,环境保 护致力于保护生物多样性和生态系统的稳定 性。
生物学研究方法
1
基因工程和基础生物技术
2
了解基因工程和基础生物技术在生物
学研究中的应用。
生物专业英语PPT课件旨在概述生物学基础知识、介绍生物学研究方法和研 究领域,探讨与生物学相关的学科,以及展示生物学的应用和未来发展趋势。
概述生物学基础知识
生物学的定义和基本概念
生物学是研究生物体结构、功能和相互关系 的科学。
生物世界类,同时具有 多样性和相互依存性。
微生物学和免疫学
研究微生物和免疫系统的结构、功能和相互作用。
分子生物学和生物物理学
研究生物分子的结构、功能和相互作用。
与生物学相关的学科
生物化学和生理学
研究生物体的化学成分和生理功能。
医学和农学
应用生物学知识解决医学和农业问题。
环境科学和地球科学
研究生物与环境、地球等自然界要素的相互 关系。
生物信息学和计算生物学
运用计算机技术进行生物学研究和数据分析。
生物学应用
1
农业和食品产业
提高农作物产量和食品质量,实现可
药物工业和医疗保健
2
持续农业发展。
研发新药物和治疗方法,改善人类健
康。
3
生态保护和环境监测
保护生物多样性和生态系统平衡,监
创新技术和生物燃料
4
测环境污染和气候变化。
开发新技术和利用生物能源,促进可 持续发展。
生物化学和细胞生物学基础知识概 述
生物化学研究生物体的化学成分和反应过程, 细胞生物学研究生物体的基本单位。
生态学和环境保护
生态学研究生物和环境的相互关系,环境保 护致力于保护生物多样性和生态系统的稳定 性。
生物学研究方法
1
基因工程和基础生物技术
2
了解基因工程和基础生物技术在生物
学研究中的应用。