考研英语完形填空专项练习30篇(含答案)

Table of ContentsPractice 1 (1)Practice 2 (2)Practice 3 (3)Practice 4 (4)Practice 5 (5)Practice 6 (6)Practice 7 (7)Practice 8 (8)Practice 9 (9)Practice 10 (10)Practice 11 (11)Practice 12 (12)Practice 13 (13)Practice 14 (14)Practice 15 (15)Practice 16 (16)Practice 17 (17)Practice 18 (18)Practice 19 (19)Practice 20 (20)Practice 21 (21)Practice 22 (22)Practice 23 (23)Practice 24 (24)Practice 25 (25)Practice 26 (26)Practice 27 (27)Practice 28 (28)Practice 29 (29)Practice 30 (30)Answer Keys (31)Practice 1Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research. 1 the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review. During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2 the paper, judging whether or not the research has been carried 3 in a fully scientific manner. If the referees are satisfied, publication 4 . If they have 5 , some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6 serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication.The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7 high standards of scientific method. 8 , it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9 views to become involved. Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10 personal opinions about the value of each other’s work. Furthermore, because referees 11 to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas.Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12 body of scientific knowledge. In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13 . Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14 to scientists all over the world.When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work. Its impact can then be 15 by seeing how 16 the published research appears as a cited work. Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17 , obscure pieces of research may be cited 18 or not at all. However, citation is not always a 19 guide to the value of scientific work. Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20 , only to be rediscovered in subsequent years.1. [A] When [B] Before [C] Since [D] If2. [A] supervise [B] assess [C] value [D] administer3. [A] over [B] off [C] on [D] out4. [A] goes ahead [B] keeps up [C] takes over [D] turns up5. [A] conceptions [B] expectations [C] reservations [D] limitations6. [A] address [B] justify [C] identify [D] suppress7. [A] assures [B] ensures [C] confides [D] guarantees8. [A] Therefore [B] Hence [C] Indeed [D] However9. [A] objective [B] sensitive [C] subjective [D] competitive10. [A] developing [B] injecting [C] expressing [D] transmitting11. [A] intend [B] tend [C] happen [D] fear12. [A] ever-inflating [B] ever-expanding [C] ever-extending [D] ever-accelerating13. [A] directions [B] times [C] versions [D] means14. [A] amiable [B] accessible [C] agreeable [D] accountable15. [A] gauged [B] counted [C] concealed [D] calculated16. [A] soon [B] far [C] often [D] long17. [A] point [B] aspect [C] extreme [D] level18. [A] frequently [B] oddly [C] rarely [D] occasionally19. [A] reliable [B] available [C] identifiable [D] suitable20. [A] undoubted [B] unexpected [C] unsuspected [D] unnoticedPractice 2Money talk has long been considered unacceptable in the workplace, but it’s not just social norms that have kept such conversations in the dark. According to a 2011 survey, almost half of all American workers are either 1 prohibited or strongly discouraged by their employers from discussing their pay with coworkers.2 when it’s not against the rules, experts warn3 bringing up the pay scale with people in your office. For one, says career coach Carin Rockind, “if management ever found out, it makes you look4 and could backfire.”Rockind emphasizes that these 5 usually lead to disappointment and lower job satisfaction. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research reached the same 6 The researchers gave a random set of University of California employees 7 to a website that 8 University workers’ salary information. 9 workers who discovered that they made less than average 10 reported lower job satisfaction, there was no 11 increase in reported satisfaction among those who found out that their earnings were above average.Pamela Teagarden, an expert in corporate behavioral psychology, says that salary comparison conversations often 12 because most workplaces 13 in what is known as a “Prisoner’s Dilemma.” 14 cooperating, colleagues are forced to compare and compete because everyone is trying for the next promotion, for the 15 .” Comparing salaries only 16 that dynamic, 17 a team’s ability to work together toward a common goal. To avoid this problem, Teagarden recommends that companies 18 other, non-monetary, “extrinsic motivators,” like encouraging friendship among coworkers and valuing employees’ opinions.Rockind also emphasizes this non-monetary 19 . “There’s a 20 in our society that money leads to happiness,” Rockind says. “But it’s actually the other way around: It’s not that money leads to happiness; it’s that happy people make more money.”1. [A] expressly [B] generally [C] implicitly [D] inevitably2. [A] Only [B] But [C] Hence [D] Even3. [A] over [B] against [C] for [D] on4. [A] depressed [B] dissatisfied [C] eccentric [D] furious5. [A] rumours [B] whispers [C] conversations [D] concepts6. [A] decision [B] determination [C] conclusion [D] solution7. [A] right [B] opportunity [C] credit [D] access8. [A] listed [B] raised [C] performed [D] extended9. [A] When [B] Since [C] While [D] If10. [A] ultimately [B] essentially [C] immediately [D] cheerfully11. [A] astonishing [B] considerable [C] reciprocal [D] dramatic12. [A] increase [B] arise [C] proceed [D] suspend13. [A] manipulate [B] manage [C] involve [D] operate14. [A] Other than [B] No more than [C] More than [D] Rather than15. [A] win [B] wealth [C] reputation [D] praise16. [A] interferes [B] reinforces [C] breaks [D] activates17. [A] undermining [B] influencing [C] shaping [D] paralyzing18. [A] carry on [B] focus on [C] insist on [D] put on19. [A] trend [B] fashion [C] approach [D] motivator20. [A] prototype [B] convention [C] tradition [D] beliefPractice 3The outcry over Internet firms’ habit of secretly tracking web surfers’ activities has clearly resonated inside the White House. On March 16th the Obama administration announced that it 1 to work with Congress to produce “a privacy bill of rights” giving American consumers greater 2 over how their information is collected and used by digital marketers. The bill will seek to 3 the basic principles of Internet privacy rights, 4 following recommendations published by the Department of Commerce. The department’s report said consumers should be told more about why data are being collected about them and how they are used; and it called for stricter 5 on what companies can do with information they collect.Whatever legislation finally emerges is likely to give a broader 6 to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which will almost certainly be 7 with deciding how those principles are 8 into practice and with policing their implementation. Among other things, the FTC is known to be 9 on a formal “do not track” system, which would allow users to 10 certain sites from monitoring their online activities.11 all this may decrease their revenues, America’s Internet giants could also benefit from the legislation if it helps them in their 12 with the European Union. The EU’s a lready fairly strict rules on privacy are being 13 further. The time-consuming and expensive legal hoops the EU makes American Internet firms jump 14 , to be allowed to 15 Europeans’ online data, will become more 16 .17 by passing its own online-privacy “bill of rights” America can convince the EU to 18 this legal burden, then it will be an important 19 for American companies. Google, Facebook and others will no doubt be tracking—both online and offline—the progress of EU-American talks on this matter very 20 .1. [A] urges [B] promises [C] conducts [D] intends2. [A] emphasis [B] control [C] bargain [D] supervision3. [A] lay down [B] figure out [C] take up [D] put in4. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] eventually [D] completely5. [A] constitutions [B] measures [C] limits [D] means6. [A] vision [B] sense [C] role [D] support7. [A] charged [B] burdened [C] integrated [D] occupied8. [A] introduced [B] taken [C] persuaded [D] translated9. [A] decisive [B] enthusiastic [C] keen [D] predominant10. [A] block [B] guard [C] supervise [D] remove11. [A] Now that [B] Because [C] Although [D] Provided12. [A] negotiations [B] dealings [C] associations [D] debates13. [A] tightened [B] observed [C] hardened [D] challenged14. [A] in [B] over [C] around [D] through15. [A] analyse [B] handle [C] collect [D] trade16. [A] reasonable [B] susceptible [C] demanding [D] complicated17. [A] Since [B] Unless [C] If [D] While18. [A] address [B] eliminate [C] ignore [D] ease19. [A] conclusion [B] win [C] bonus [D] transition20. [A] eagerly [B] hopefully [C] closely [D] cheerfullyPractice 4The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country’s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the 1 could become a poll tax on wheels’, 2 huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of deliberate damaging 3 cameras. The warnings came 4 a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either 5 to expansion plans or considering 6 .Nationwide, the number of speeding tickets is expected to increase threefold, 7 90 million a year. 8 the scheme, police keep some of the cash from fines to 9 the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and 10 that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed 11 at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by 12 a half.But motoring organizations 13 cameras will be sited on relatively safe but fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to 14 the “threshold” speeds at which cameras are 15 to the absolute legal minimum—15 mph in a 10 mph limit, and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road, and 16 to more accidents. Sue Nicholson, h ead of campaigns at the RAC, said, “We don’t have a problem with speed cameras 17 . But we do have concerns about 18 they are sited. Police risk losing credibility 19 motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising 20 safety devices.”1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silent [C] making exception [D] paying respect7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] particularly [D] purely12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to13. [A] fear [B] hope [C] expect [D] doubt14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means ofPractice 5The phrase “Mozart Effect” conjures an image of a pregnant woman who, sporting headphones over her belly, is convinced that playing classical music to her unborn child will improve the child’s intelligence. But is there science to 1 this idea?A short paper published in Nature in 1993 unwittingly introduced the 2 Mozart effect to the masses. Psychologist Frances Rauscher’s study involved 36 college kids who listened to either 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata in D-major, a relaxation track or 3 before performing several spatial reasoning tasks. It found that students who had listened to Mozart seemed to 4 significant improvement in their performance.5 in 1999 psychologist Christopher Chabris performed a meta-analysis on studies6 to the Mozart effect to survey its overall7 . He8 that the improvement could simply be a result of the natural variability a person experiences between two test sittings.Earlier this year, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany published a second review study 9 a cross-disciplinary team of 10 inclined scientists who declared the phenomenon 11 . “I would simply say that there is no 12 evidence that children who listen to classical music are going to have 13 improvement in cognitive abilities,” adds Rauscher.14 its rejection by the scientific community, companies continue to 15 classical music to parents of children who can purportedly listen their way to greater smarts.Chabris says the real danger isn’t in this 16 marketing, but in parents shirking roles they are evolutionarily meant to 17 . It takes away from other kinds of 18 that might be beneficial for children, such as playing with them and keeping them 19 via social activity. That is the 20 to a truly intelligent child, not the symphonies of a long-dead Austrian composer.1. [A] put up [B] take up [C] back up [D] make up2. [A] assumed [B] quoted [C] supposed [D] predicted3. [A] silence [B] noise [C] twitter [D] bark4. [A] cultivate [B] contain [C] release [D] show5. [A] So [B] But [C] While [D]As6. [A] opposite [B] beneficial [C] attached [D] related7. [A] effectiveness [B] popularity [C] feasibility [D] complexity8. [A] perceives [B] notes [C] realizes [D] recognizes9. [A] about [B] on [C] under [D] from10. [A] historically [B] artistically [C] musically [D] physically11. [A] noncontroversial [B] nonprofessional [C] nonessential [D] nonexistent12. [A] promising [B] compelling [C] outstanding [D] rewarding13. [A] some [B] each [C] another [D] any14. [A] Except [B] Like [C] Despite [D] Among15. [A] introduce [B] hawk [C] offer [D] award16. [A] diplomatic [B] questionable [C] vigorous [D] prudent17. [A] serve [B] reinforce [C] satisfy [D] ensure18. [A] assimilation [B] cooperation [C] consultation [D] interaction19. [A] amused [B] focused [C] engaged [D] motivated20. [A] right [B] key [C] shortcut [D] wayPractice 6Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is planning to make the 1 a bit easier, by producing the first international 2 of how successfully universities teach.“ 3 assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for 4 , we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research. Just as the OECD 5 primary and secondary education by testing 6 chosen groups of youngsters from each country in reading and mathematics, it will 7 university students to see what they have learned. 8 enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country 9 , just as it now does for compulsory education.The OECD plan 10 approval from an education ministers’ meeting in January. The first 11 are planned by 2010. They will be of interest not just as a guide for shoppers in the global market, but also as 12 of performance in domestic markets. They will help academics wondering whether to stay put or switch jobs, students 13 where to spend their time and money, and 14 university bosses who want a sharper competitive 15 for their institution.The task the OECD has set itself is 16 . In many subjects, such as literature and history, the syllabus 17 hugely from one country, and 18 one campus, to another. But OECD researchers think that problem can be 19 by concentrating on the transferable skills that employers 20 , such as critical thinking and analysis, and testing subject knowledge only in fields like economics and engineering, with a big common core.1. [A] task [B] acquisition [C] endeavor [D] equation2. [A] qualification [B] requirement [C] comparison [D] illustration3. [A] Other than [B] More than [C] Better than [D] Rather than4. [A] reputation [B] quality [C] status [D] success5. [A] values [B] assesses [C] instructs [D] reforms6. [A] unconsciously [B] accidentally [C] randomly [D] previously7. [A] sample [B] check [C] select [D] test8. [A] Since [B] While [C] Although [D] Once9. [A] performs [B] retains [C] stands [D] locates10. [A] awaits [B] obtains [C] submits [D] embraces11. [A] rankings [B] curricula [C] actions [D] meetings12. [A] conductors [B] accelerators [C] indicators [D] coordinators13. [A] studying [B] arranging [C] emphasizing [D] choosing14. [A] benign [B] conscientious [C] eloquent [D] ambitious15. [A] edge [B] pledge [C] recognition [D] change16. [A] flexible [B] formidable [C] defensible [D] amiable17. [A] shares [B] varies [C] originates [D] separates18. [A] still [B] hence [C] indeed [D] even19. [A] overcome [B] highlighted [C] worsened [D] ignored20. [A] cultivate [B] offer [C] value [D] possessPractice 7As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “common law,” or law made by courts 1 a monarch or other central governmental 2 like a legislature. The jury, a 3 of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an 4 part of our common-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is a 5 feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 6 the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 7 would be obtained using a judge 8 , as many countries do. 9 a jury decides cases after “ 10 or discussions among a group of people, the jury’s decision is likely to have the 11 from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide 12 among 13 citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government 14 that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and 15 . Jurors, consisting of 16 numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge 17 to the case oversees the 18 of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states, 19 jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the parties under rules 20 by state law.1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority3. [A] panel [B] crowd [C] bundle [D] flood4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated5. [A] discerning [B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While10. [A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations11. [A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake12. [A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities13. [A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private14. [A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying15. [A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned16. [A] set [B] exact [C] equivalent [D] particular17. [A] allocated [B] applied [C] admitted [D] assigned18. [A] preparation [B] obligation [C] selection [D] execution19. [A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective20. [A] maintained [B] dictated [C] explained [D] adoptedPractice 8Advances in genetic technologies allow scientists to take an unprecedented glimpse into the genetic makeup of every person. The information from this testing can serve many valuable 1 : It can save lives, assist couples trying to decide whether or not to have children, and help law-enforcement officials solve a crime. 2 breakthroughs in genetic testing also 3 some troubling social concerns about privacy and discrimination. 4 , if an individual’s gene tic information becomes widely 5 , it could give health insurers cause to deny coverage to people with certain risk factors or encourage employers to reject certain high-risk job applicants. Furthermore, many genetically 6 problems are more common among certain racial and ethnic groups. Many minority groups fear that the 7 of genetic testing could create whole new 8 of discrimination.Of particular concern are genetic tests that 9 light on traits such as personality, intelligence, and mental health or potential abilities. Genetic tests that 10 a person is unlikely to get along with other people could be used to limit a person’s professional advancement. In other cases, tests that 11 a genetic risk of heart failure could discourage a person 12 competing in sports.New technologies that 13 the manipulation of genes have raised even more disturbing possibilities. Gene therapy advances, which allow scientists to replace 14 genes with normal alleles, give people with typically fatal diseases new hope for healthy lives. 15 , gene therapy has focused on manipulating the genetic material in body cells 16 gametes (the cells involved in reproduction), so the changes will not be 17 to future generations. However, the application of gene therapy techniques to gametes seems 18 . Such manipulation might help prevent the 19 of disease from one generation to another, but it could also 20 unforeseen problems with long-lasting consequences.1. [A] purposes [B] perspectives [C] fields [D] vocations2. [A] Yet [B] And [C] Therefore [D] Whereby3. [A] decrease [B] settle [C] raise [D] keep4. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual5. [A] reliable [B] identifiable [C] suitable [D] available6. [A] integrated [B] complicated [C] combined [D] linked7. [A] expansion [B] inflation [C] extension [D] verification8. [A] passages [B] avenues [C] paths [D] tracks9. [A] embody [B] shed [C] set [D] shoot10. [A] conclude [B] predict [C] indicate [D] allege11. [A] certify [B] rectify [C] identify [D] justify12. [A] from [B] into [C] with [D] on13. [A] preach [B] allow [C] fund [D] grant14. [A] infective [B] effective [C] productive [D] defective15. [A] As a result [B] In a sense [C] To date [D] In effect16. [A] less than [B] more than [C] other than [D] sooner than17. [A] passed on [B] given up [C] put forward [D] turned over18. [A] invisible [B] inactive [C] inevitable [D] incapable19. [A] observation [B] transmission [C] evaluation [D] demonstration20. [A] lead [B] indicate [C] reflect [D] producePractice 9The existence of the so-called halo effect has long been recognized. It is the phenomenon whereby we 1 that because people are good at doing A they will be good at doing B, C and D (or the 2 —because they are bad at doing A they will be bad at doing B, C and D). The phrase was first 3 by Edward Thorndike, a psychologist who used it in a study to describe the way that commanding officers 4 their soldiers. He found that officers usually judged their men as being either good right across the 5 or bad. There was little 6 of traits; few people were said to be good in one 7 but bad in another.Later work on the halo effect suggested that it was highly influenced by first impressions. If we see a person first in a good light, it is difficult 8 to darken that light. The old well-known 9 that “first impressions count” seems to be true. This is used by advertisers who pay heroic actors and beautiful actresses to 10 products about which they have absolutely no 11 . We think 12 about the actor because he played a hero, or the actress because she was made up to look incredibly beautiful, and assume that they 13 have deep knowledge about car engines or anti-wrinkle cream.In the 14 of recruitment, top-level people often fall into the 15 of making decisions about candidates based on lopsided or distorted information. Frequently they fall 16 to the halo effect: overvaluing certain attributes 17 undervaluing others.And the effect also influences other areas of business. Car companies, 18 , will roll out what they call a halo vehicle, a 19 model with special features that helps to sell all the other models in the 20 .1. [A] interpret [B] understand [C] assume [D] indicate2. [A] following [B] inevitable [C] reverse [D] parallel3. [A] coined [B] defined [C] accepted [D] forged4. [A] treated [B] rated [C] recruited [D] handled5. [A] square [B] line [C] land [D] board6. [A] overlapping [B] displaying [C] storing [D] mixing7. [A] perspective [B] respect [C] episode [D] domain8. [A] consequently [B] accordingly [C] subsequently [D] presumably9. [A] definition [B] phrase [C] assumption [D] insight10. [A] promote [B] test [C] launch [D] publish11. [A] skill [B] tactic [C] expertise [D] strength12. [A] enviously [B] brightly [C] reasonably [D] positively13. [A] therefore [B] indeed [C] likewise [D] instead14. [A] scope [B] dimension [C] context [D] climate15. [A] trap [B] stereotype [C] bias [D] situation16. [A] adherent [B] disposition [C] limitation [D] prey17. [A] for [B] while [C] though [D] or18. [A] as usual [B] in contrast [C] for instance [D] by chance19. [A] particular [B] common [C] typical [D] unique20. [A] range [B] series [C] type [D] mouldPractice 10Watchdogs are growling at the web giants, and sometimes biting them. In April ten privacy and data-protection commissioners from countries including Canada, Germany and Britain wrote a public letter to Eric Schmidt, Google’s boss, demanding 1 in Google Buzz, the firm’s social- networking service, which had been criticized for dipping 2 users’ Gmail accounts to find “followers” for them without clearly explaining what it was doing. Google 3 complied.Such run-ins with regulators are likely to multiply—and 4 the freedom of global Internet firms. It is not just that online privacy has become a/an 5 issue. More importantly, privacy rules are national, 6 data flows lightly and instantly 7 borders, often thanks to companies like Google and Facebook, which 8 vast databases.A recent scandal known as “Wi-Fi gate” 9 the problem. Google (accidentally, it insists) gathered data from unsecured Wi-Fi networks in people’s homes as part of a 10 to capture images of streets around the world. A number of regulators 11 investigations. Yet their reaction 12 widely, even within the European Union, Some European watchdogs ordered Google to 13 the data it had collected in their areas; others 14 that information related to their countries be destroyed.Despite such differences within Europe, the 15 is much greater between Europe and America. European regulations are inspired by the 16 that data privacy is a 17 human right and that individuals should be in control of how their data are used. America, 18 , takes a more relaxed view, allowing people to use consumer-protection laws to seek compensation if they feel their privacy has been 19 . It is this difference that explains why Silicon Valley firms that 20 abroad have sometimes been the targets of European Union data watchdogs.1. [A] changes [B] details [C] procedures [D] references2. [A] from [B] towards [C] into [D] beyond3. [A] abruptly [B] promptly [C] reluctantly [D] deliberately4. [A] win [B] limit [C] gain [D] deprive5. [A] perplexing [B] ambiguous [C] mischievous [D] controversial6. [A] but [B] and [C] while [D] so7. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across8. [A] measure [B] share [C] manage [D] manipulate9. [A] exemplifies [B] aggravates [C] reveals [D] certifies10. [A] method [B] journey [C] project [D] plan11. [A] completed [B] demanded [C] launched [D] embraced12. [A] varied [B] swayed [C] mixed [D] permeated13. [A] process [B] restore [C] exploit [D] preserve14. [A] demanded [B] indicated [C] suggested [D] proposed15. [A] conflict [B] gap [C] balance [D] debate16. [A] tradition [B] assumption [C] conviction [D] vision17. [A] universal [B] comprehensive [C] fundamental [D] perpetual18. [A] on the whole [B] on the average [C] on the contrary [D] on the other hand19. [A] violated [B] undermined [C] overthrown [D] distorted20. [A] back off [B] strike out [C] carry over [D] take up。