公共管理学专业英语词汇整理
公共管理学专业英语词汇
公共管理学专业英语词汇目标 mission/ objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织 organizing人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique经理 manager 总经理 general manager 行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor 企业 enterprise 商业 business产业 industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家 entrepreneur 权利 power职权 authority 职责 responsibility 科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science 生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive法律 law 法规 regulation 经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach 系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach 管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach 人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology 态度 attitude 压力 pressure 冲突 conflict招聘 recruit 鉴定 appraisal 选拔 select 培训 train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩performance考绩制度 merit system 表现 behavior 下级 subordinate 偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record 误工记录 record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量 quality of products 先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service 策略 strategy 结构 structure 领先性 primacy 普遍性 pervasiveness 忧虑 fear 忿恨 resentment 士气 morale 解雇 layoff 批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure 规则 rule规划 program 预算 budget 共同作用 synergy 大型联合企业 conglomerate 资源 resource 购买 acquisition 增长目标 growth goal 专利产品 proprietary product 竞争对手 rival 晋升 promotion 管理决策 managerial decision 商业道德 business ethics 有竞争力的价格 competitive price 供货商 supplier 小贩 vendor 利益冲突 conflict of interests 派生政策 derivative policy 开支帐户 expense account 批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave 休假 vacation 工时 labor-hour 机时 machine-hour 资本支出 capital outlay 现金流量 cash flow 工资率 wage rate 税收率 tax rate 股息 dividend 现金状况 cash position 资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget 资产负债表 balance sheet 可行性 feasibility投入原则 the commitment principle 投资回报 return on investment 生产能力 capacity to produce 实际工作者 practitioner 最终结果 end result 业绩performance个人利益 personal interest 福利 welfare 市场占有率 market share 创新innovation 生产率 productivity 利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility 董事会 board of director 组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化 organizational culture 目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool 激励方法 motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth 优势strength 弱点weakness 机会 opportunity 威胁 threat个人责任 personal responsibility 顾问 counselor 定量目标 quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先 priority 工资表 payroll 策略 strategy 政策 policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification 评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略 consistency strategy 公共关系 public relation 价值 value 抱负aspiration 偏见prejudice 审查review 批准approval 主要决定major decision 分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfoliomatrix 明星star 问号question mark 现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购procurement 人口因素 demographic factor 地理因素 geographic factor 公司形象 company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture 破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics 追随 followership个性 individuality 性格 personality 安全 safety 自主权 latitude 悲观的pessimistic 静止的static 乐观的optimistic 动态的dynamic 灵活的flexible 抵制 resistance 敌对 antagonism 折中 eclectic 激励 motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs 维持 maintenance 保健 hygiene 激励因素 motivator 概率 probability 强化理论 reinforcement theory 反馈 feedback 奖金 bonus 股票期权 stock option 劳资纠纷 labor dispute 缺勤率 absenteeism 人员流动 turnover 奖励 reward 特许经营 franchise 热诚 zeal 信心 confidence 鼓舞 inspire 要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty 奉献 devotion 作风 style 品质 trait适应性 adaptability 进取性 aggressiveness 热情 enthusiasm毅力 persistence 人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence 专制式领导 autocratic leader 民主式领导 democratic leader 自由放任式领导 free-rein leader 管理方格图 the managerial grid 工作效率 work efficiency 服从 obedience 领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership 参与型领导 participative leadership 指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research，development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯（电信）员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话 consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者 chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权 cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理 comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准 confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应 critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产 collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体 collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性 centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权 democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化 differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法 division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动 dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络 domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉 divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略 decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理 employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权 encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统 entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产 equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值 ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论 expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心 external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者 extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官 external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段 entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团 financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构 flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论 formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估 franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段 functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论 general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者 general manager 总经理globalization 全球化 gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网 global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境 generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合 global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应 heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度 hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型 hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触 high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理 income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换 infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程 intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计 internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习 intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬 inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合 interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突 interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点 intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者 incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述 job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化 job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换 job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区 key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数 laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产 lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格 least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力 liability 负债liaison 联络者 line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性 liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术 losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理 Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管 management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观 multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司 moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构 multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义 mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理 meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nna?ve relativism 朴素相对主义 need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化 norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策 nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术 niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训 on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算 order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统 organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位 outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务 organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾 paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾 paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾 paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率 participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型 peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者 portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资 positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性 profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策 psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式 personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存 professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别 problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量 quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场 quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术 retention 保留rational approach 理性方法 rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本 sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练 sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化 single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法 situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论 sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产 sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度 staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划 step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则 stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段 strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系 strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施 strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变 satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统 subunits 子单位synergy 协同 system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度 sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队 specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构 task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性 task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格 total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理 training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序 transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导 treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论 two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻 unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子 variety 变量valence 效价 variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通 vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训 volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接 venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境 win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力 work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成 work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览
公共管理硕士（MPA）重要英语词汇一览
（一）
normal, radiate发射, authority,
companion同事同伴, concept概念, create,creature, dentist, identify鉴别, identical同一的, identity认出, engage使……雇佣、聘用, entitle给……权利、资格, evaluate估价,fluid、solid流体、固体，influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense紧张的、强烈的、剧烈的, interpret解释、说明、口译, justice正义、公平, adjust, judge, minor次要的、未成年的, observe遵守、测评、评估, deserve应受、值的, preserve保护、维护、维持, parallel平行的、并列的, percept知觉、对象, stuff塞满、原料, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder惊讶, widespread广泛的、普遍的, ambition雄心、大志, approach, brief摘要、大纲、短的,
MPA专业单词Unit 1-10
Unit 1 Opening Administration to the Public市政府municipal government采纳adopt出席be present行政事务administrative affairs人民代表大会the people’s congress中国人民政治协商会议the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 民主党派democratic party工商联合会the Association of Industry and Commerce县级以上政府government at or above county level财政预算financial budget福利待遇welfare treatment招、投标bidding官员任命appointment of officials劳模model workers调动transfer机构改革institutional reform官员自律self-discipline of officials义务、责任obligation中国入世China’s entry into the WTO政府职能转换transformation of government functions经济增长economic growth处理相关事务handle related affairs红头文件red-title documents律师lawyer会计师accountant下岗工人laid-offs相关程序relevant procedures市政建设municipal construction效率efficiency监督supervision反馈feedback处罚penalty调查survey多功能服务系统multi-functional service system人口稠密社区densely populated community透明度transparency办公自动化office automation城市总体规划the overall city planning决策部门decision-making departmentUnit 2 Why Public Management Reform?公共开支public expenditure产生generate监督成本monitoring costs均衡equilibrium现状status quoUnit 3 Reform of the Administration and Local Public Services: Introduction decentralization 分权化centralization 集权化liberalization 自由化devolution权力下放regional authorities 地方当局integration一体化instability 不稳定local tax revenue 地方税收municipal 市政的private enterprise 私营企业democracy 民主local autonomy地方自治conventional practice 传统做法public sector公共部门privatization私有化governance治理empowerment放权augment扩大、增加、增长accountability负责任Unit 4 State and MarketI. Words and expressionsMacroeconomic宏观经济的Microeconomic微观经济的Judicial司法的；法院的new entry 初入，新进入entrepreneur 企业家gross national income(GNI) 国民收入总值per capita人均per capita gross national income: gross national product divided by the number of people living in the country.gross national product(GNP)国民生产总值: the total value of goods and services produced in a country’s economy, including income from abroad.gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值: the total value of goods and services produced in a country’s economy, not including income from abroad.rating 考核、定级levy 征收incentive 刺激、鼓励marginal tax rate边际税率: the amount by which tax revenue increase per unit increase invalue in a taxed activity.Distance education远程教育monopoly垄断generate 产生；导致access to接近；进入；接近（进入）的方法（权利、机会等）dramatically 大幅度地account for说明（原因等）impose on 强加meet the requirement/ the need/ the demand…on average 平均enhance提高、增加、增强stagnant停滞的、不流动的；萧条的、不景气的vibrant活跃的、充满活力的present:a.1)existing or happening now 现在的、目前的e.g.The present situation is quite unfavourable to us.2)at an event, or in a place 出席的、在场的e.g.When it happened, I was not presentn.1)gift 礼物e.g.The boy was asked to wait for a present.2)the period of time时间段e.g.We must learn to live in the presentv.1)give sb. sth. formally or officially 赠送、呈献e.g.John was the guest of honour and presented the awards.2)offer sth for people to consider or judge递交、呈递e.g.The commission presented its report in April.3)show sb.or sth. in a particular way so that people have a particular opinion about them 上演e.g.The film presents a disturbing image of youth culture.take over: He took over the company at the death of his father.take in: It’s easy for children to take in milk.This shirt is too long for me, please take it in.Why is it so easy for people to be taken in?take to: He took to the girl/ smoking when he was only sixteen.take up: He took up stamp-collecting as his hobby.Reading takes up 20 percent of his time at home at night.be critical to 关键的comparable/ comparativeensure: We can ensure that the project will be finished in time.insure sth. against sth.: You can insure your house against fire.assure sb. of sth: I can assure you of the security of the information.take responsibility forUnit 6 Developing and Designing Performance Management Performance绩效Effectiveness有效Efficiency有效Morale士气Forge打造Integrative整合的，整体的Holistic总体的，全部的Intent 意图，目的Bring sth. into line with sth. else使协调起来，使一致Unitarist一元论Be at odds with与有争执；与不一致Accommodate使适应；容纳，接纳Plurality众多，许多Deficient缺乏的，不足的Predominant占优势;主要的，突出的In essence实质上Appraisal评估Be mindful of留心，注意，不忘记Implementation贯彻，履行Be consistent with 与一致Stance姿态，态度Allow for考虑到Incorporate结合；体现Encompass围绕，包围；包含Infuse向……注入，向……灌输；泡制，浸渍Implicit含蓄的；内含的，固有的Intensive加强的，集中的；深入细致的Articulate能说话的，表达地清楚有力At large未被捕，逍遥自在；详尽地；普遍的，一般的，代表整个的Unit 8 The Economic Perspective for the People’s republic of China disparity 不一致，不同coastal 沿海的interior内陆的financial sector 经济部门surge 汹涌澎湃，冲浪buoyant有浮力的，轻快的fixed asset investment 固定资产投资housing mortgage loan住宅抵押贷款western region development strategy西部开发战略disposable income 可分配收入，税后收入trigger 激发，引起ameliorate 改善，改进，改良consecutive 连续的integrated一体化的，完整的jurisdiction 权限procurement 获得the general tariff level关税总水平rebate 回扣，折扣aggravate deflationary pressure加重通货紧缩压力fiscal stimulus 财政激励constrain抑制contemplate 期待，反复打算bailout应急贷款，紧急援助fledge缺乏经验的，初出茅庐的tapers逐渐减少，逐渐停止offset抵消momentum力量,动量，势头project 规划，设计excess capacity产能过量entrant进入者，新加入者resource-extensive 资源粗放型labour-intensive劳动密集型honoring contracts执行合同auditing standard 审计准则，审计标准disclosure揭发address提到，提出degradation品质下降pro-亲exacerbate 加剧vulnerability易受攻击，脆弱institute 实行，建立，开始，创立regulatory规章制度conform to使一致，使符合resilient有弹性的regime政体，政治，统治Unit 9 China seeks Peaceful Growth Holistically全面地shake off摆脱multiplication scenario乘法情境negligible微不足道的mega大的（兆）provoking使人烦恼的abundant丰富的，充裕的magnitude大cohesion粘着力，结合slacken放松，松懈make further strides更进一步blaze用光照耀detach from分开，分离foster养育，促进initiative首创精神，积极性，主动usher引领wrestle斗争，搏斗weigh up估量tap开发hefty异常大的bring into play发挥adhere to坚持hegemony霸主contend for竞争，斗争testify证明，证实strive for努力，奋斗，力求unswerving直的，不偏离的draw on利用Unit 10 The Largest Recipient of Foreign Capital conglomerate联合大企业stipulation条款，项目franchise特许overhaul详细检查sluggish缓慢的hamper妨碍，阻碍given假设disposal income税后收入。
公共管理工商管理硕士英语800词汇excel版本
词汇800词abandonabsorbaccessaccommodationaccompanyaccomplishaccordaccountaccumulateaccuseachieveacknowledgeacquaintacquireadaptadequateadjustadmissionadoptadvantageadvisableadvocateaffectaffectionaffordaggressiveallowancealterambitionanniversaryannualanticipate anxiety apart apology appoint appreciate approach appropriate approve arise arouse artificial aspect assert assess assign assist assumption assure attain attempt attraction attribute available average award aware balance bargain barrier behave belief beneficialbenefitboomboostbound breakthrough breedbudget burden cancel capacity certify challenge circumstance claimclarifycluecollapse collision comment commitment companion comparable comparative compare compel competent competitive comprehensive comprise conceal concede concern concerningconcession conclude condense confess confident confine confirm conflict confront confuse conscience conscious consent consequence consequently conservation conservative considerable considerate 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unique unity universal upseturgeutilize vacant vacation vaguevainvaluable value vanish variation vary vehicle verify versionvia vibrate view viewpoint vigorous violate violence virtual virtue visible visual vivid volume voluntary vote waken wander ward warn welfare widespread willingness withdraw withstandworkforce worldwide worth worthwhile worthy wreckMBA MPA MPAcc词汇800词vt. 遗弃；放弃vt. 吸引…的注意n. 接近（或进入，享用）的机会 || vt. 存取（计算机文件）n. [pl] 住处，膳宿vt. 陪伴；为…伴奏（或伴唱）vt. 达到，完成，实现（计划，诺言等）n. 一致；谅解 ||vi. (with) 相符合 ||vt. 给予n. 记述；帐户；解释 ||vi.(for) 说明…的原因vt. 堆积 ||vi. 累积vt. 指控vt. 完成，实现，达到 ||vi. 成功vt. 承认…的权威（或主张）；确认；报偿vt.(with) 使认识，使了解，使熟悉vt. 取得；学到vt. 使适应；修改 ||vi.(to) 适应a. 充足的；胜任的 [ˈædɪkwɪt]vt. 校正；调节 ||vi.(to) 适应n. 准许进入；入场券；承认vt. 收养；采取；批准n. 优点；利益a. 可取的，明智的vt. 拥护 ||n. 拥护者；律师 [ˈædvəˈket]v. 影响n. 喜爱vt. 负担得起；提供a. 侵犯的；有进取心得n. 津贴，补贴，零用钱v. 改变n. 抱负，野心；企望得到的东西n. 周年纪念（日）a. 每年的 ||n. 年报，年刊，年鉴；一年生的植物vt. 预期；提前使用n. 焦虑；渴望ad. [空间、时间方面]成距离；分离 ||a. 分离的n. 道歉vt. 任命；约定vt. 重视；为…表示感激；（充分）意识到 ||vi. 增值v. 靠近 ||n. 靠近；途径；方式a. 适当的 ||vt. 私占；拨出…供专用vt. 赞成；批准 ||vi.(of) 赞成vt. 产生，出现；(from)（由…）引起；起身vt. 引起，唤醒a. 人工的；假的n. 方面；（建筑物的）朝向；面貌vt. 肯定地说，断言；维护，坚持 [əˈsɚt]vt. 对…进行估价；评价，评论 [əˈsɛs]vt. 指派；指定（时间、地点等）；分配n. 帮助n. 假定；承担vt. 使确信；确保vt.达到，获得n./vt.尝试n.吸引力；具有吸引力的人或事物vt.(to)把…归因于 || n.属性a.现成可使用的；可取得联系的a.平均的；平常的 || n.平均数，平均 || v.平均vt.授予；裁定 || n.奖，奖品，奖金a.意识到n.平衡；天平；结存 || vt.使平衡；称；权衡n.特价商品；（买卖等双方的）协议 || vi.讨价还价n.栅栏；障碍；屏障vi.表现，举止端庄n.信任；信念a.有益的n.益处；救济金，保险金 || vt.有益于 || vi.得益n.（营业等的）激增；隆隆声 || vi.激增；发出隆隆声vt.提高；推动；替…作广告 || n.提高；推动a.一定的；受约束的；(for, to)准备到…去的n.突破，突破性进展，重要新发现n.种，品种 || vi.繁殖 || vt.饲养；养育；酿成n.预算，预算拨款 || vi.(for)编预算 || vt.规划n.重担；使重负 || vt.加重压于，烦恼；负重vt.取消；抵消；删去n.容量；才能；身份，职位vt.证明；发证书（或执照）给n.艰巨的任务；怀疑；挑战 || vt.反对；向…挑战n.环境；境况[ˈsɚkəmˈstæns]vt.声称；对…提出要求；需要 || n.要求，认领，索赔vt.澄清，阐明 [ˈklærəˈfaɪ]n.线索vi. / n.倒坍；崩溃[kəˈlæps]n.碰撞；冲突n.评论；闲话 || vt.评论n.承诺；信奉，献身；承担的义务 [kəˈmɪtmənt]n.同伴，伴侣[kəmˈpænjən]a.(with, to)可比较的；比得上的a.比较的vt.(to, with)比较；(to)把…比作 || vi.相比vt.强迫[kəmˈpɛl]a.有能力的 [ˈkɑmpɪtənt]a.竞争的；好竞争的；（价格等）有竞争力的 [kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv] a.广泛的，综合的vt.包含；构成vt.隐藏vt.承认；（在结果确定前）承认失败；允许 || vi.让步n.关切的事；关心；关系；公司 || vt.涉及；使关心prep.关于n.让步；特许，特许权；承认vt.推断出；结束 || vi.结束；终了v.（使）冷凝；浓缩；简缩v.坦白；承认a.确信的；自信的vt.限制；使不外出 || n.界限vt.证实，肯定；进一步确定，确认；批准n.冲突；战斗 || vi.冲突vt.迎面遇到；勇敢地面对；使对质vt.使困惑；混淆；混乱n.良心 [ˈkɑn ʃəns]a.自觉的；神志清醒的；有意的 [ˈkɑn ʃəs]n.准许 || vi.(to)准许n.结果；重要（性），重大ad.所以，因此n.保存，（对自然资源的）保护，避免浪费 [ˈkɑns ɚˈve ʃən]a.保守的；（式样等）不时新的 || n.保守的人a.相当大（或多）的a.体贴的a.坚持的；一致的vt.组成；设立，任命vt.使缩紧，使收缩，压缩；构筑；建造，建设vt.请教；查阅 || vi.交换意见n.接触 || vt.与…取得联系 [ˈk ɑn ˈtækt]a.当代的，同时代的 || n.同代人，当代人n.（书等的）内容 || a.满意的 || vt.使满意n.竞赛；争夺 || vt.争夺；对…提出质疑n.背景；语境a.不见断的；多次重复的 [k ən ˈt ɪnju əl]n.合同 || vt.感染（疾病），染上（恶习）n.矛盾；否认，反驳a.(to)相反的 || n.[-the]相反 [ˈkɑn ˈtr ɛri]n.对比 || vt.对比 || vi.(with)形成对比 [ˈk ɑ:ntræst] vi.捐款；(to)有助于；投稿 || vt.捐，捐献 [k ən ˈtr ɪbjut]n.争论n.习俗；公约；（正式）会议v.（使）转变；（使）改变信仰（或态度等）vt.表达；运送vt.使确信vt.调节 || n.坐标 || a.同等的 [ko'ɔrd əˈnet]vi.(with)相符合；(to)相当；通信 [ˈk ɔr ɪˈspɑnd, ˈkɑr-]n.委员会，理事会 [ˈka ʊns əl]n.律师，法律顾问；忠告 || vt.劝告 [ˈka ʊns əl]n.课程；过程；行动方针；路线；（一）道（菜）n.信贷；赞扬，功劳；学分；信任 || vt.信任；(to)把…归于.a.决定性的；批评的 [ˈkr ɪt ɪk əl]n..至关重要的 [ˈkru ʃəl]vt.压碎，弄皱；镇压n.暗示，信号；提示 || vt.提示vt.耕作，养殖；培养，发展n.好奇（心）；奇物，奇事，古玩n.最后期限n. / v.辩论vi.腐烂；衰败 || n.腐烂；衰败（或衰退）状态vt.欺骗a.像样的；宽厚的；得体的n.宣布；宣言；申报 [ˈd ɛkləˈre ʃən] n.下降，衰退 || vi.下降；衰退；谢绝 || vt.谢绝vt.击败；挫败 || n.战败；击败n.缺点 || vi.变节vt.给…下定义，解释；限定a.明确的；一定的 [ˈd ɛf ən ɪt]vt.删除 [di ˈlit]a.故意的；慎重的 || v.仔细考虑 [d ɪˈl ɪb ər ɪt]a.易碎的；棘手的；娇弱的；精美的 [ˈd ɛl ɪk ɪt] vt.投递；发表；给（产妇）接生；给予（打击等）；解救vt.论证；说明 || vi.举行示威游行（或集会） [ˈdɛmənˈstret]vt.否认；拒绝给予vi.离开；(from)背离a.(on, upon)依靠的；取决于…的n.定金；存款；沉积物，矿藏 || vt.使沉淀；存放；储蓄 [dɪˈpɑzɪt] vt.使沮丧；削弱；按下n.抑郁；不景气；洼地vt.取得；追溯…的起源（或来由） || vi.(from)起源 [dɪˈraɪv]vi.下来；(from)起源（于）；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至vt.应受a.值得想望的；可取的 [dɪˈzaɪrəbəl]n.绝望；使人绝望的人（或事物） || vi.(of)绝望 [dɪˈspɛr]a.不顾一切的；极想望的；绝望的n.破坏，消灭vt.发明，策划vt.(to)把…专用（于）；将…奉献给vt.丢弃vt.解雇；排出；卸（货）|| vi.放电 || n.获准离开；放电n.纪律；训练；惩罚；学科 || vt.训练；惩罚 [ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.（价格、债款等）折扣 || vt.把…打折扣vt.假扮；伪装；掩盖 || n.用来伪装的东西（或行动）；假装 [dɪsˈɡaɪz] n.厌恶 || vt.使厌恶vt.排列；使倾向于 || vi.(of)去掉；处理n.争论 || vt.对…表示异议 || vi.争论vi.溶解；消失，减弱 || vt.使溶解；解散，结束a.有区别的；清楚的；明确的 [dɪˈstɪŋkt]vt.转移（注意力），使分心 [dɪˈstrækt]n.痛苦；贫困；危难 || vt.使痛苦vt.打扰；使不安；弄乱a.不同的；多种多样的n. / vt.用文件（或文献）等证明，记载a.本国的；家（庭）的；驯养的 [dəˈmɛstɪk]a.占优势的；居高临下的 [ˈdɑmənənt]vt.支配；俯视 || vi.处于支配地位n.捐款；捐赠vt.下载（计算机用语）vt.排走；渐渐耗尽 || vi.慢慢流掉 || n.耗竭；排水沟 [dren]a.耐用的 [ˈdʊrəbəl, ˈdjʊr-]n.持续，持续期间n.容易，悠闲 || v.缓和 [iz]a.优美的；简练的 [ˈɛlɪɡənt]vt.排除；淘汰 [ɪˈlɪməˈnet]vt.使窘迫vt.拥抱；包括；包围 || n.拥抱vi.(from)浮现；（问题等）发生 [ɪˈmɚdʒ]n.紧急情况vi移居国外（或外地）. [ˈɛmɪˈɡret]vt.发出（光、热、声音等），射出 [ɪˈmɪt]vt.使能够vt.围住；把…装入信封，附入 [ɛnˈkloz]vt. / n.遇到 [ɛnˈkaʊntɚ]vt.忍受 || vi.忍受；持久 [ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr]vt.实施；强迫vt.占用（时间、精力等）；使从事；使订婚 || vi.(in)参加 [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ] vt.提高，增加v.扩大vt.启发，开导 [ɪn'laɪtn]vt.充实，使丰富；使富裕，使富有vi.(in, on)入学，加入 || vt.招收，吸收 [ɪn'rəʊl]vt.给…权利；给（书、文章等）题名 [ɪn'taɪtl]vt.参赛的人（或物）；入口处，门厅，河口；登记n.（一连串事件中的）一个事件；片断，连续剧的一集 ['epɪsəʊd] a.相等的 || n.相等物 [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]a.竖直的 || vt.建造；竖立a.必不可少的；本质的 || n.要素；必需品n.估计；评价 || vt.估计a.永久的，永世的；无休止的；永恒的，永不改变的 [ɪˈtɚnəl] vt.评估 [ɪˈvæljuˈet]n.根据v.（使）演变，（使）发展 [ɪˈvɑlv]v.夸大[ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt]vt.超过，越出n.过量；超越 || a.过量的，额外的，附加的a.奢华的；独有的；(of)不包括…的 || n.独家新闻 [ɪkˈsklusɪv] vt.处死；实施 [ˈɛksɪˈkjut]n.主管；（政府的）行政部门 || a.执行的，行政的vt.用（力）；运用 [ɪɡˈzɚt]n.期待；前程[ˈekspekˈteɪʃn]n.价钱；开支；业务费用vt.剥削；利用，开发 || n.业绩，功绩 [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]v.勘探；仔细查阅，探索v.暴露；曝光；揭露n.暴露；曝光；揭发[ɪkˈspoʒɚ]vt.延伸；扩展；提供 || vi.伸展；（在范围或应用上）达到n.程度；广度，宽度，大小n.外部，外表 || a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɪriɚ]a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɚnəl]n.目击证人n.设备，便利 [fəˈsɪlɪti]n.能力；系，学科，学院；全体教员 [ˈfækəlti]vi.褪去；逐渐消失；凋谢 ||vt.使褪色a.隐约的；无力的；凋谢 || vi.昏厥 || n.昏厥 [fent]a.极好的；极大的；奇异的a.迷人的a.致命的，毁灭性的；重大的，决定性的n.疲劳 || v.（使）疲劳a.有错误的a.有错误的，有缺点的a.可行的，可用的n.特征；面貌；专题节目；故事片 || vt.突出，由……主演n.反馈，反馈信息a.凶猛的；狂热的n.财政，金融；财源，资金 || vt.为……提供资金vt.闪光；飞驰；闪耀 || n.闪光；闪光灯vi.逃走 || vt.逃离，逃避a.易弯曲的；灵活的vi.茂盛，繁荣 || vt.挥动（以引起注意）v.(on)（使）聚焦 || n.焦点，（注意，活动等的）中心vt.不许vt.伪造（货币，文件等）；锻造a.健忘的，不留心的n.小部分；分数n.次数；经常发生vt.使沮丧；挫败a.基本的 || n.基本原则vt.布置，为……配备家具；供应n.缺口；间隔；差距v. /n. 凝视n.齿轮，（排）档 || vt.使适应，使适合vt.产生（光，热，电等）；引起a.真的，真诚的n.姿势；（人际交往时做出的）姿态 || v.做手势（表示）vi. /n.扫视vi.(at) 怒目而视；发射强光 || n.强光；怒视；炫耀；闪耀vt. / n. 一瞥n.拨款，授予物 || vt.授予n.悲伤，悲痛；悲伤的事，悲痛的缘由a.总的；严重的；粗俗的；臃肿的 || vt.获得……的总收入（或毛利）vt.保证 || n.保证书n.指引，领导n.指导方针a.内疚的；有罪的a.方便的；手边的；手巧的n.海港 || vt.庇护；心怀（怨恨等）n.和谐a.严厉的；毛糙的n.危险，公害 || vt.尝试着做（或提出）；冒风险n.标题n.大字标题；新闻摘要vt.使愈合；调停 || vi.愈合v.犹豫；不情愿vt.强调 || n.最精彩的部分，最重要的事件n.视野a.敌对的；敌方的a.谦逊的；地位（或身份）低下的；简陋的 || vt.使谦恭a.理想的；想象的 || n.理想；理想的东西（或人）a.(to, with)相同的；同一的vt.认出，鉴定；(with)把…等同于 || vi.(with)认同n.身份；个性；同一性a.懒散的；空闲的；无用的 || vi.懒散 || vt.(away)虚度（光阴）vt.不顾vt.说明；给…作插图说明n.形象；印象；图像；形象的描述n. / v. 影响；冲击vt.使生效，履行 || n.工具vt.(on)把…强加于；征（税等），处以（罚款、监禁等）n.发生率n.发生的事；事件v.（使）倾斜；（使）倾向于，赞同 || n.斜坡a.不能相信的；不可思议的，惊人的n.索引；标志；指数，指标 || vt.为…编索引，把…编入索引vt.标示，指示；表明a.冷漠的；一般的，（表现）平平的a.(to, for)必不可少的vt.引诱，劝；引起，导致a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的vt.推论a.劣等的；下级的 || n.下级a.有影响的，有权势的a.(in)内在的，固有的，生来就有的a.开始的 || n.（性命等的）首字母n.主动性，首创精神；主动的行动；主动权a.(of)清白的；无害的，没有恶意的；天真的n.输入，投入；输入物，输入的数据 || vt.把…输入计算机vt.插入n.洞察力，深刻的见解vt.安装；使就职n.本能；生性vt.侮辱 || n.侮辱，凌辱vt.给…保险；保证a.完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的v.(into, with)（使）成为一体n.正直，诚实，诚恳；完整，完全，完善vt.想要；打算使（成为）a.强烈的，紧张的；认真的；热情的n.强烈；强度n.意图，目的n.相互作用vi.(with, in)干涉，介入；妨碍n.内部；[-the]内地 || a.内部的；内地的a.内部的；国内的；内心的vi.口译，翻译 || vt.解释，说明vt.打断，打扰；中止 || vi.打断，打扰n.间隔；幕间（或工间）休息a.亲密的，密切的；私人的 || vt.暗示，提示 || n.至交vt.恐吓，威胁v.侵入，侵略v.调查，调查研究vt.包含；使参与；牵涉vt.使隔离n.问题；发行 || vt.颁布，出版；分发 || vi.流出，发出vt.证明…正当（或有理）vi.落后 || n.滞后，（时间上的）间隔n.风景；风景画；全景 || vt.美化…的景观vt.发动；(into, in)使开始从事n.布局，设计v.（使）漏，（使）渗出；泄漏 || n.漏洞；泄漏；（消息等的）走漏a.(to)可能的；(for)有法律责任的；(to)易于…的a.心胸宽阔的；（指政治观点上的）自由主义的；慷慨的ad.同样地；也vi.暂住，借宿 || vt.供…以临时住宿 || n.乡间小屋，施舍a.壮丽的；豪华的；极好的vt.维持；维修；坚持；赡养，负担n.维修；抚养费；维持n.管理；管理部门，管理人员a.用手的，手工做的 || n.手册，指南n.页边空白；差额；余地；边缘a.微小的，不重要的；仅以微弱多数票获胜的a.奇迹般的a.大而重的，大块的；大量的a.成熟的；应支付的 || v.（使）成熟a.最高的，顶点的 || n.最大限度，顶点n.机械装置；机制；办法n.新闻媒介，传播媒介a.中等的 || n.媒质；新闻媒介，传播媒介；手段a.纪念的 || n.纪念碑，纪念仪式vt.修理 || vi.恢复健康a.精神的；精神病的；智力的vt. / n.提及a.仁慈的；宽大的a.仅仅的；纯粹的n.长处，价值；功绩 || vt.值得n.凌乱状态；混乱的局面 || vt.弄糟n.少数派；少数民族n.奇迹a.痛苦的；令人难受（或痛苦）的vt.给…错误印象；把…带错路；把…带坏n.使命；代表团n.方式a.中等的；稳健的；有节制的 || v.（使）和缓，（使）减轻a.谦虚的；适中的；羞怯的n.道德，德行，品行；道德观，道德规范n.（物体的）运动；手势，眼色；提议 || v.（向…）打手势vt.作为…的动机，激励n.动机a.相互的；共同的n.杜撰出来的人（或事情）；神话ad.全国范围内的，全国性的vt.忽视；疏忽 || n.疏忽，玩忽vt.洽谈；顺利通过 || vi.协商a.显而易见的vt.通知，报告n.概念；意图n.目标 || a.客观的n.义务vt.迫使；施恩于；使感激n.障碍（物），妨碍n.时刻；重大（或特殊）活动；时机；起因 || vt.引起vt.占，占用，占领；使忙碌，使从事n.发生的事情；发生a.奇特的；临时的；奇数的；剩余的 || n.可能性，机会vt.冒犯，伤害…的感情；使厌恶；违犯n.口子，洞；（正式的）开始；（职位的）空缺n.敌手；反对者vt.反对a.乐观（主义）的n.选择；选择权；（供）选择的事情（或人），选课n.结果n.提纲；外形，略图 || vt.概述；描…外形n.观点；展望n.产量；输出，输出功率 || vt.输出（信息、数据等）n.开始a.突出的；未解决的a.总体的；全部的 || ad.总的来说 || n.工装裤，工作服vt.忽视；宽恕；俯瞰vt.追上，超过；突然降临于vt.（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措 || 征服，制服n.恐慌 || v.（使）恐慌a.部分的；(to)偏爱的；(to)偏向一方的vi.(in)参与n.激情；酷爱n.支付的款项；支付a.奇怪的；特有的n.同龄人，同等地位的人；贵族 || vi.仔细看n.处罚，罚金v.透入，渗入；刺入；洞察n.养老金 || vt.发给…养老金（或退职金、抚恤金等）vt.感知；认识到n.感知（能力）；认识，观念a.永久（性）的n.允许vi.(in)坚持不懈；继续存在n.人格；人物n.[总称]人员；人事部门n.视角；远景；透视画法n.说服（力），劝说 || 信念，信仰a.悲观（主义）的n.阶段；方面；（月）相 || vt.分阶段实行（或计划）n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物n.（政党的）纲领a.有道理的，似乎正确的，貌似可信的n.保证，誓言 || vt.保证，许诺n.故事情节；（秘密）计划 || vt.密谋；绘制…的平面图 || vi.密谋vt.磨光；修改，润色 || n.擦光剂，上光腊n.民意测试；政治选举 || vt.对…进行民意测试n.一部分，一份 || vt.(out)分配vt.描写，描绘；扮演，饰演vt.造成；提出（问题等），陈述（论点等） || vi.摆姿势（拍照）vt.推迟a.潜在的 || n.潜力a.实际的；切合实际的n.预防，警惕a.在先的a.更可取的n.偏见 || vt.使有偏见；对…不利，损害a.预备的，初步的 || n.初步做法，起始行为n.处方，药方，（医生开的）药；开处方，开药方n.提供；外观，（显示的）图像；报告；表演vt.保护，维持；保存；腌制n.压（力）；强制 || vt.对…施加压力（或影响），迫使，说服ad.大概vi.流行；(over)获胜；(on, upon)说服n.（电影、戏剧等的）预映，预演；（电影等的）预告（片）a.先，前；(to)在…之前a.原始的；简单的 || n.原（始）人，原始事物n.原则，原理；基本信念a.优先的n.优先（权），重点；优先考虑的事n.特权，优惠n.程序vi.进行；（沿特定路线）行进，（朝特定方向）前进n.过程；工序；（法律）程序 || vt.加工a.多产的，富饶的；富有成效的n.（面部或头部的）侧面（像）；传略；轮廓；姿态n.利润 || vt.有益于 || vi.(by, from)得益vt.禁止a.突出的；突起的vt.发扬；提升；宣传vt.促使，推动；提示 || a.敏捷的，迅速的 || n.题词，提示n.证据；校样，样张 || a.耐…的n.财产；房产；性质n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡v.提议；提名；打算；求婚n.前景；景象；有希望的候选人 || vt.(for)勘探n.兴旺，繁荣n. / v.抗议，反对vt.证明，证实 || vi.结果是conj.假如n.供应；准备；条款；给养vt.对…挑衅；激起n.公众的注意，名声；宣传a.严守时刻的vt.继续；追赶；追求v.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思 || n.智力测验；难题v.（使）胜任，（使）合格v.停止；离开，辞（职）v.引用 || n.论文；报价；引号n.挂架，搁架 || vi.使痛苦；使紧张，使努力n.幅度 || vi.（在某范围内）变动；(over)论及n.比率a.理智的；合理的ad.乐意地；容易地；很快地a.现实的；实际可行的；逼真的n.界，领域；王国vt.收割，收货；获得，得到n.后部；后方 || a.后部的；后方的 || vt.抚养，饲养，种植a.通情达理的；合理的；（价钱）公道的n.反叛分子，反对者 || vi.反叛；反对vt.回忆起；召回；收回 || vi.记得，回想n.发票；收入，进款；收到n.（经济的）衰退，衰退期vt.认为；(on)指望；测算n.认出；承认；赏识，表彰vt.推荐；劝告；使成为可取vt.使协调；使和解；(to)使顺从（于），使甘心（于）n.娱乐活动vt.招募（新兵），吸收（新成员） || n.新兵，新成员n.减少；下降vi.(to)涉及；指的是；参考 || vt.引…参考（或查询）vt.精炼；使优美，使完善vt.改革，改造 || vi.改正，改过自新 || n.改革，改造v.（使）振作精神，（使）恢复活力n.拒绝vt.管理；调整vt.增强，增援vt.拒绝；退回 || n.被拒货品，不合格产品vt.传送，传达，转述；中继转播，接替，补充，转运vt. / n.释放；接触；放开；发布a.有关的，切题的a.可靠的n.轻松；减轻；使得到调剂；接替vt.使轻松；缓解；接替vt.评论说 || vi.(on)谈论，评论 || n.谈论，评论a.值得注意的；异常的n.补救办法；药品 || vt.补救；医治vt.提醒；使发生联想vt.使得；给予；翻译v.继续；（使）更新；延长（…的）有效期v.复制，再现；繁殖vt. / n.请求vt.像n.（住处、座位等的）预订；保留，犹豫vi.辞职 || vt.辞去；(to)使顺从a.(to)抵抗的，抗…的，耐…的vt.解决；决定；(into)分解 || vi.决定 || n.决心vi.(to)求助，凭借 || n.求助；常去之地n.[pl.]资源；应付办法ad.分别地a.有责任感的；责任重大的vt.恢复；修复；归还vt.阻止；抑制n.抑制；约束措施v.（中断后）重新开始 || n.摘要；简历vt.保留vi.退却；退缩 || n.退却；退缩；隐退处vt.揭露，泄露；展现n.报复 || vt.为…报仇，报…之仇n.（尤指大宗的）收入；（政府的）税收vt.修订；复习 || vi.复习vi.旋转n.报答；报酬 || vt.报答vt.(of)使摆脱a.严格的，死板的；刚硬的n.（宗教等的）仪式；例行公事 || a.例行的n.竞争对手；可与匹敌的人（或物） || a.竞争的vt.抢劫；(of)（非法）剥夺vt.惊起，唤醒n.例行公事 || a.例行的，常规的n.缘故a.令人满意的n.丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨a.缺乏的；稀少的n.惊恐 || vt.吓，使害怕 || vi.受惊吓，感到害怕vt.撒，撒播；使散开 || vi.分散n.风景；舞台布景n.时刻表，日程安排表；清单 || vt.安排，排定n.计划；阴谋 || v.密谋n.（活动，影响等的）范围；机会n.剧本，广播稿；文字体系；笔迹，手迹n.部分；章节；部门；截面a.安全的，牢固的 || vt.得到；使安全，保卫；缚牢n.安全；抵押品；证券vt.寻找，追求；征求（意见），请求（帮助）；试图ad.表面上，看上去n.选择；被挑选出来的人（或物），精选品n.（大学的）研究班，研讨会a.资格较老的 || n.（中学或大学的）毕业班学生a.明知的，合情理的a.敏感的；易受伤的n.会议；（从事某项活动的）集会（或一段时间）n.环境；设定地位置a.完全的；陡峭的 || ad.陡峭地 || vi.(off)急转向，偏离n.掩蔽处；住所；掩蔽 || vt.掩蔽 || vi.躲避v.移动，转移；改变 || n.转换；（轮或换）班n.不足vi.起皱，收缩；退缩 || vt.使起皱，使收缩n.包围，围困n.观光a.相当数量的；重要的；意味深长的n.简单；朴素a.单数的；非凡的n.略图；梗概；素描 || vt.给…的略图；概述vi.撇（去）；掠过；浏览 || vt.浏览，略读vi.跳，蹦蹦跳跳；跳绳 || vt.跳过，略过，漏过 || n.跳，蹦跳a.苗条的；微薄的a.轻微的；纤细的，瘦弱的 || vt. / n.轻视vi.滑落；溜走；下降 || vt.悄悄放进 || n.疏漏a.单独的；独有的 || n.脚底，鞋底，袜底a.严肃的；庄严的，隆重的n.解决；解答；溶液a.老练的；精密的；高雅的n.源（泉）；来源n.一段时间；跨距 || vt.持续；横跨n.火花 || vi.发出火花 || vt.(off)触发a.特定的；明确的 || n.详情vt.明确说明vi.(about, on)推测；投机 || vt.推测v.（使）溢出，（使）洒落 || n.溢出a.精神（上）的；宗教（上）的vi.分裂，被撕裂 || vt.使分裂；劈开，撕裂；分担 || n.裂口；分裂n.发起者，赞助者 || vt.发起；资助；支持n.刺激（物），激励 || vt.激励n.间谍 || vi.当间谍；(on)暗中监视 || vt.发现；侦探，刺探vt.挤出；压榨；捏 || vi.挤 || n.挤；握（手）；拮据a.稳定的；沉稳的 || n.马厩n.全体职工，全体人员 || vt.为…配备（人员）vt.沾污，染色 || n.污迹n. 标桩；利害关系；赌本|| vt.以…打赌，拿…冒险a.不新鲜的；过时的n.立场vt.使惊吓，使吃惊n.地位；情形a.平稳的；持续的；稳重的 || v.（使）平稳vt.驾驶；引导 || vi.驾驶n.茎，干；词干 || vi.(from)起源于 || vt.堵住，止住a.粘性的；（天气）湿热的；困难a.硬的；不灵活的；拘谨的；艰难的；（风等）强烈的 || ad.极其vt.刺激，激励vi.刺 || vt.刺；刺痛；激怒 || n.（昆虫的）蜇刺；刺（痛）vt.搅拌；激起 || vi.微动；（某种感情）产生 || n.激动，骚动n.备料；股票；世系 || v.储备 || a.常用的n.拉紧；极度紧张；张力 || vt.扭伤；尽力使用；紧张n.海峡；[常pl.]困境，窘境，危难vi.大踏步走 || n.大步；步法，步态；[常pl.]进展，进步n.弦，线，一行 || vt.用线串；（用线）悬挂，系住n.（试验等的）对象 || vt.(to)使服从；使遭受vi.潜入水中 || vt.浸没vi.(to)屈服 || vt呈送；主张a.随后的a.可观的；牢固的；实质的n.代用品 || vt.代替 || vi.(for)代替a.微妙的，难于捉摸的；诡秘的，狡诈的；隐约的n.连续；接替a.接连的v.吸，吮a.合适的vt.概括，总结n.峰顶；最高级会议a.极好的，高质量的a.肤浅的；表面的a.上级的；(to)较好的 || n.上级，长官n.增补（物）；增刊 || vt.增补a.最高的；极度的n.过剩 || a.过剩的，多余的vi.投降；(to)屈服（于） || vt.放弃 || n.投降，放弃n.调查；测量；概括论述 || vt.调查；测量vi.活下来，继续存在 || vt.从…逃出；比…活得长vt.暂停；悬n.怀疑，涉嫌；一点儿vt.保持；供养；支持vi.摇摆 || vt.使摇摆；使改变看法 || n.摇摆a.迅速的；敏捷的v.（使）摇摆；（使）旋转 || n.摆动；秋千v.转变 || n.开关；转变n.符号；象征vi.同情；赞同n.症状；征兆vt.对付；与…交涉；（足球等比赛中）阻截 || n.阻截；用具a.驯服的；沉闷的 || vt.制服n.目标 || vt.瞄准a.乏味的，冗长的n.脾气；韧度 || vt.调和；使回火a.暂时的n.诱惑vi.易于；趋向 || vt.照管n.趋向a.嫩的 || vt.（正式）提出 || vi.(for)投标 || n.投标a.紧张的；拉紧的 || v.（使）拉紧 || n.（动词的）时态a.末端的 || n.（海、陆、空运输路线的）终点（站）vt.使害怕，使惊吓；使人感到恐怖n.恐怖活动；引起恐怖的人（或事）n.主题，题目n.治疗a.沉思的；体贴的vt.威胁；是…的征兆 || vi.构成威胁，可能发生vi.兴旺，繁荣n.潮汐；潮流vt.容许，承认；容忍n.腔调；风格；色调 || vt.(up)增强a.困难的；坚强的；粗暴的vt.查出；追溯；描摹 || n.痕迹；微量n.灾难；悲剧（艺术）n.交易，业务vt.转移；调动，转学 || vi.迁移；调动，转学；转车vt.改革；变换vt.传播；传送a.透明的；明显的n.条约，协定vi.颤抖；摇晃；担心 || n.颤抖；摇晃a.巨大的；精彩的n.趋向；时新款式vt.修剪；削减；装饰 || a.面条的；整齐的 || n.修剪，整修n.胜利；（胜利或成功的）喜悦 || vi.获胜a.令人烦恼的vt.使缠绕；转动；捻 || vi.旋转；曲折前进 || n.弯曲；转折a.极端的；最后的 || n.终极，极限vt.揭露；揭开…的盖子vt.经历vt.在…下面划线；强调vt.解开；取消a.心神不安的vi.展开，打开；显露，展现 || vt.展开，打开a.唯一的；极不寻常的n.团结；和睦a.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的vt.使心烦意乱；打乱 || n.翻倒；（肠胃等）不适 || a.心烦的vt.鼓励；催促 || n.强烈的欲望vt.利用a.未被占用的；（职位、工作等）空缺n.休假 || vi.度假a.含糊的a.徒劳的；自负的。
公共管理学专业英语词汇整理
公共管理学专业英语词汇目标mission/ objective 内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标group objective 计划planning 组织organizing人事staffing 领导leading 控制controlling步骤process 原理principle 方法technique经理manager 总经理general manager 行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise 商业business产业industry 公司company 效果effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate 动机motive法律law 法规regulation 经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function 产品product 服务service利润profit 满意satisfaction 归属affiliation尊敬esteem 自我实现self-actualization 人力投入human input盈余surplus 收入income 成本cost 资本货物capital goods机器machinery 设备equipment 建筑building 存货inventory经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theoryapproach数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学psychology 态度attitude 压力pressure 冲突conflict招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal 选拔select 培训train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩performance考绩制度merit system 表现behavior 下级subordinate 偏差deviation检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑fear 忿恨resentment 士气morale 解雇layoff批发wholesale 零售retail 程序procedure 规则rule规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买acquisition 增长目标growth goal 专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手rival 晋升promotion 管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics 有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account 批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave 休假vacation 工时labor-hour 机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay 现金流量cash flow 工资率wage rate 税收率tax rate 股息dividend 现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet 可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner 最终结果end result 业绩performance个人利益personal interest 福利welfare 市场占有率market share 创新innovation 生产率productivity 利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility 董事会board of director 组织规模size of the organization 组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool 激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth 优势strength 弱点weakness 机会opportunity 威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor 定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority 工资表payroll 策略strategy 政策policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification 评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负aspiration 偏见prejudice 审查review 批准approval 主要决定major decision 分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix 明星star 问号question mark 现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购procurement 人口因素demographic factor 地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture 破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics 追随followership个性individuality 性格personality 安全safety 自主权latitude 悲观的pessimistic 静止的static 乐观的optimistic 动态的dynamic 灵活的flexible 抵制resistance 敌对antagonism 折中eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance 保健hygiene 激励因素motivator 概率probability 强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback 奖金bonus 股票期权stock option 劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励reward 特许经营franchise 热诚zeal 信心confidence 鼓舞inspire 要素ingredient忠诚loyalty 奉献devotion 作风style 品质trait适应性adaptability 进取性aggressiveness 热情enthusiasm毅力persistence 人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence 专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid 工作效率work efficiency 服从obedience 领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research，development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯（电信）员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBW A) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nna?ve relativism 朴素相对主义need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。
mpa专业英语单词
v1.0 可编辑可修改专业单词：客体object ；主体subject；我国our country；农村rural area；城市urban；特点feature；干预intervention；模式mode；市场经济market economy；计划经济planned economy；转型期transition period；途径approach；规则regulation；范围scope/area；内容content；力度；通货膨胀inflation；财政赤字financial deficit；传统traditional；现代modern；强调emphasize；权力authority；社会和谐harmonious society；科学发展观scientific outlook on development；西方国家the western country；协调harmonize；结构structure；优点弱点机会挑战SWOT strength weakness opportunity threaten；阶段period；经济人economic man；官僚制bureaucracy；因素；参与participant；期望anticipate；中国共产党CCP China communist party；自主权autonomy；逐渐gradually；社区community；优点/缺点merit/demerit；创造create；调查investigate；v1.0 可编辑可修改背景background；西方国家western country；引入竞争机制introduce competition into；市场化marketization；社会化socialization；市场机制market mechanism；增长率growth rate；合法、法治、负责、透明、有效legally、rule of law、accountability、transparency、effectiveness；放权/授权代理devolution；定义definition；分权decentralization；质疑suspicion；地方自治local autonomy；自上而下/自下而上topdown/bottom up；经济危机economic crisis；多样的multiple；宏观调控macroeconomic control；微观经济microeconomic；资源有效配置efficient allocation of resources；努力effort；通过via/through；分配assign；政企分开separate government function from enterprise management；制度system；根本目的the fundamental goal；基本原则the fundamental principle；必要条件necessary conditions；必要手段necessary means；要素element；提高uplift；信誉reputation；局限性limitation；v1.0 可编辑可修改规划plan；开发develop；预测；预测forecast；完善perfect；needful需要的；监督supervise/supervision；农民peasant；网友net friend；同事colleague；极美的gorgeous；推进promotion专业词组：面临挑战face the challenge；抓住机遇seize the opportunity；迎接挑战meet the challenge；建立健全establish and improve；加入WTO accession to WTO；；采取有效措施take effective measures；源于derive from；深化改革deepen the reform；维护社会稳定maintain social stability；加大力度strengthen theefforts to；转变职能adjust thegovernment functions；合同外包contract services；连接词组：随着…along with；把…看作regard as；在过去in the past；当前currently；在…条件下on condition that；20世纪70年代末/初thelate/early 1970s（念the seventieth of the 20th century）；加大力度strengthen theeffort to；加快改革accelerate thev1.0 可编辑可修改reform；在20世纪in the 20th century；与……相比compared with；主要体现在mainly embodies at；由于as a result of/dueto/because of；主要类型如下the principal types are as follows；解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of；优点/缺点是theadvantage/disadvantage；根据……标准according to the standard of；因此therefore/thus；把……分类为classify …as…；一方面，另一方面on one hand,on the other hand；专业名词：公共管理硕士 master ofpublic administration；公共组织public organization；公共部门public sector；政府改革government reform；治理governance；善治good governance；管理者Manager；行政者administrator；公共行政Public administration；公共管理public management；公共政策public policy；public affair公共事务；公共物品public goods；私人物品private goods；非政府组织/非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization；组织organization；第三部门the third sector；经合组织OECD Organizationv1.0 可编辑可修改for Economic Co-operation and Development；政府间关系IGR intergovernmental relations；绩效管理performance management；战略管理strategic management；问责制government accountability；政府工具 governmental tool；全面质量管理TQM totalquality management；目标管理MBO management by objectives；标杆管理benchmarking management；政府作用government role；公共政策public policy；人力资源管理HRM human resource management；公共经济管理public economy management；公共管理伦理public administration ethics；政府工具governmental tool；政府失败government failures；新公共管理new public management；绩效评估performance evaluation；流程再造processre-engineering；。
【复试必看】MPA专业单词
【复试必看】MPA专业单词专业名词公共管理硕士master of public administration公共组织public organization公共部门public sector政府改革government reform治理governance善治good governance管理者Manager行政者administrator公共行政Public administration公共管理public management公共政策public policy公共事务public affair公共物品public goods私人物品private goods非政府组织/非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization组织organization第三部门the third sector经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development政府间关系IGR intergovernmental relations绩效管理performance management战略管理strategic management问责制government accountability政府工具governmental tool全面质量管理TQM total quality management目标管理MBO management by objectives标杆管理benchmarking management政府作用government role公共政策public policy人力资源管理HRM human resource management 公共经济管理public economy management公共管理伦理public administration ethics政府工具governmental tool政府失败government failures新公共管理new public management绩效评估performance evaluation流程再造process re-engineering专业短语▪面临挑战face the challenge；▪抓住机遇seize the opportunity；▪迎接挑战meet the challenge；▪建立健全establish and improve；▪采取有效措施take effective measures；▪源于derive from；▪深化改革deepen the reform；▪维护社会稳定maintain social stability；▪加大力度strengthen the efforts to；▪转变职能adjust the government functions；▪合同外包contract services；连接短语在…条件下on condition that；20世纪70年代末/初the late/early 1970s（念the seventieth of the 20th century）；加大力度strengthen the effort to；加快改革accelerate the reform；在20世纪in the 20th century；与……相比compared with；主要体现在mainly embodies at；由于as a result of/due to/because of；主要类型如下the principal types are as follows；解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of；根据……标准according to the standard of；把……分类为classify…as…；一方面，另一方面on one hand,on the other hand。
顾建光：《公共管理英语》(修订版)--词汇汇总培训讲学
顾建光：《公共管理英语》(修订版)--词汇汇总Lesson 1citizen 公民 municipal government 市政府 administrative affairs 行政事务transparency 透明度 accomplishment 成就，成绩 financial budget 财政预算implementation 实施，实行 obligation 义务，责任 lag behind 落后于bulletin 公告，公报 natural disaster 自然灾害 to grant 授予，认可license 许可证 booth 货摊，小摊 civil affairs 国内事务domicile registration 居民登记 matrimonial registration 婚姻注册e-government 电子政府 to facilitate 使更容易 regulation 规章制度，条例healthcare 医疗卫生 Handling Affairs Online 在线事务办理to retain 保留，保存Lesson 2bureaucracy 官僚机构，官僚作风 bureaucratic constrain 官僚式约束to inhibit 抑制，约束 citizenry 平民，公民 to espouse 信奉cynic 愤世嫉俗者 to render 表现，使成为 quasi-market 准市场to streamline 使简化，使有效率，使现代化 slacken off 放慢，放缓in conjunction with 与。
结合起来 status quo 现状reward and appraisal system 奖励与褒扬制度 to reshuffle 改组commitment 承诺Lesson 3public administration 公共管理，公共行政 decentralization 分权化liberalization 自由化 thrust 冲击 centralization 权力集中化diagnosis 诊断，判断 impetus 推动力，刺激 permanent tension 长期的压力 revenue 财政收入 revival 复兴，恢复 consolidation 联合，统一autonomy 自治，自治权 infrastructure 基础设施 jurisdiction 司法权，裁判权innovation 创新，革新 responsiveness 回应 interdependence 互相依赖remit 汇出 at odds 争议，争吵 local authority 地方政府central authority 中央政府 ceiling 上限，天花板 performance 绩效，成就emergence 出现 statute 条例，法令Lesson 4private sector 私营部门，民营部门 to generate 产生，造成judicial services 法律服务 know-how 技术秘诀 regulation 管制oversight 疏忽，失察 entrepreneur 企业家gross national income（GNI）国民总收入Euromoney 欧洲货币 creditworthiness 信贷价值 public sector 公共部门 vibrant 充满活力的，活跃的 to levy 征税 progressivity 进步incentive 动机monopoly 垄断 budget 预算 accessibility 可达性，可获得性affordability 可承担，可负担性 stark 完全的，巨大的Lesson 5community 社区 interpersonal 人与人之间的 predisposition 倾向to embody 使具体化，具体表现 indelible 不可或缺的，永恒的to exile 放逐，流散 to transcend 超越 static 静止的，静态的heritage 遗产，继承物Lesson 6performance management 绩效管理 to forge 打造，锤炼 diagnostic 诊断的 integrative 综合的，一体化的 holistic 总体的，全部的mission 使命unitarist 一元论的 a logical progression 一种逻辑级数performance appraisal 绩效评估 diagnosis 诊断Lesson 7indicator 指标 in aggregate 总起来看，总起来说system of national accounts 国民账户体系 statistics 统计，统计数据currency 流通货币 gross national income（GNI）国民总收入unincorporated business 综合经营的商业 multiple exchange rate 多重汇率Lesson 8disparity 不同，差距 coastal 沿海的 interior 内陆的financial sector 经济部门 surge 波动，汹涌 drought 干旱housing mortgage loan 住宅抵押贷款 disposable income 税后收入，可支配收入to trigger 引发，引起 state-owned enterprises 国有企业fiscal revenue 财政收入 expenditure 支出，花费 allowance 津贴，补助 extra-budgetary funds 预算外资金 unauthorized spending 未授权的花费treasury bond 国库券 stock market 股票市场 A-share A股Indices（index的复数）指标，指示物 quota 配额 to rebound 反弹tandem 纵列的 consecutive fiscal stimulus 连续的财政鼓励 rebate rate 折扣率aggravate deflationary 加重通货紧缩 phytosanitary 植物检疫的，控制植物病害的Lesson 9well-off 小康的，富裕的 incomprehensive 范围有限的 to shake off 摆脱，甩掉to illustrate 例示，说明 multiplication scenario 乘法情境division scenario 除法情境 to conform to the tide of the times 符合时代潮流to endeavor to foster 努力培育 household contract system 家庭联产承包责任制initiative 进取性 to usher in 引进 wrestling 对抗，斗争resource shortage 资源短缺 positive factor 积极因素，有利因素hegemony 霸权unswervingly boost 坚定不移地推进Lesson 10recipient 接受者 foreign direct investment（FDI）外商直接投资momentum 动力，势头 be attributed to 归因于，由于。
公共管理英语词汇
公共管理英语词汇篇一：公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇总结公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇总结force， enforce， reinforce， report， scope，spirit， decline， climate， lend to， accuse， afford，anxiety， atmosphere， blame， bargain， calculate，circle， confidence， conscious， convince， custom，desperate，encourage，discourage，economic，economy， motive， promote， emotional， motion， fail to， flat， install， intimate， limit， major， no matter， neutral， outlet， perform， inform， formal，normal，radiate，authority，xxpanion，concept， create， creature， dentist， identify，identical， identity， engage， entitle， evaluate，fluid， influence， fortune， fulfill， general，intense， interpret， justice， adjust， judge， minor，observe， deserve， preserve， parallel， percept，stuff，surroundings，transport，transmit，transform， undergo， wander， wonder， widespread，ambition， approach， brief，conquer， result， consult，insult， deliberate， despair， xxpare， emergence，emergency， establish， exhaust， expand， fade，frustrate， handy， incredible， inherit， conference，infer， offer， interfere， length， manufacture， mood，necessity， noble， occasion， occasional， output，oversea， pattern， plunge， practice， practical，recognize， release， rescue， maintain， remain，obtain，entertain， rural， urban， similar to， trial，trail， witness， absolute， accumulate， in advance，advanced， advantage， agent， appeal， application，point， appoint， approximate， barrier， claim，climate， xxplicate， xxprise， considerable， resume，consume， assume， contact， convict， crew， crucial，define， definite， deliver， disaster， disorder，diverse， economic， alert， exert， facility， faith，faithful， gap， sympathy， trace， track，visual， vision， worship， apparatus， brand， civil，clarity， declare， xxbine， connect， consider，insert， desert， drown， external， frank， press，impress， pressure， depress， express， indispensable，inspect， respect， prospect， perspective， peculiar，particular， likely， inquire， require， acquire，request， result ， consult， insult， spray，announce， pronounce， apparent， boundary，frontier， nullity， debate， decrease， increase，reduce， include， conclude， exclude， federal， firm，forecast， foresee， grateful， integrate， divide，individual， fence， defense， offend， portion，proper， property， reputation， restrict， loyal，royal，spot，terminal，alter，alternate，alternative，concrete，consequent，explode，explore， exploit， hesitate，imagine，influence，innocent，guilty，persuade， possess， sample， support， vital， burden，elect， select， collect， collective， contribute，distribute， attribute， abuse， prejudice， avoid，escape， capture， xxpete， effort， enthusiasm，involve， evolve， imply， reply， multiply， issue，modify， occur， opponent， prefer， refer， publish，punish， rate， award， reward， shelter， skim，in spite of，temporary，vehicle，ancestor associate， refuse， confuse， describe， display， due to， error， essential， fresh， obvious， visible，invisible， previous， recall， relate， soil， spoil，stimulate， suffer， tense， acxxpany， analyze，conflict， convenient， derive， deprive， thrive，dominate， element， gallery， interval， lock， lack，match，ideal，reality，ignore，ignorant，independent，inspire， motion， promote， remote， motive，numerous， relevant， retreat， straight， suicide，trick， weigh， tempt， attempt， contract， attract，candidate，xxmercial，xxmunicate，contain，coordinate， respond， correspond， emphasis， enclose，focus， instinct， investigate， invest， manner， mere，nerve， political， policy， reliable， resemble，assemble， shape， sophisticate， stain，strain， symbol， triumph， upright， vigorous，benefit， profit， characterize， circumstance， chain store， concentrate， delegate， diligent， dispute，estimate， factor， intentional， occupy， inject，reject， object， project， subject， scenery， survive，revive， temper， vary， accelerate， behave， concern，continue， deny， distance， insure， invade， mature，mental， monitor， mysterious， neglect，purpose， raw， refurbish， remove， restore，resort， scarcely， specific， target， alarm， approve，certify， certificate， frost， fund， genuine， intend，material， memory， primitive， propose， ruin， shadow，contrary， sufficient， accent， actually， adequate，anxious， attach， awkward， budget， capture， channel，circulate， xxmunity， xxpany， consent， cooperate，cultivate， depart， devote，dismiss，distant，enhance，eventually，fierce， manage， overnight， passion， passive，postpone， progress， pursue， react， render， sense，treat，treaty，capacity，civilian，xxpel，contradiction， crack， curiosity， departure， devise，device， secure， accurate， depend， distinguish，plain， xxplain， explain， financial， hurt， injure，harm， destroy， ruin， xxprise ，contain， embody ，subsume， construct， structure， isolate， labor，task， overlook， overxxe， resist， insist， state，supreme，superior，volume，absorb，account，achieve， universal， convert， reverse， apply，applicable， applicant， application， broad， board，cancel， casual， cancer， classify， xxfort， submit，permit， emit， xxplex， conduct， constant， core，demand， xxmand， xxment， xxmend，mental， rexxmend， mention， design， signal，significant， protect， detect， point， appoint，appointment， disappoint， duration， durable， employ，excess， exceed， success， succeed， process， proceed，false， impose， indicate， predict， opportunity，personal， pose， dispose， expose， suppose， oppose，xxpose， impose， deposit， poison， poverty， cautious，prove， improve， record， relieve，sincere， troop， upset， violent， welfare，abundant， advocate， affect， effect， effective，efficient， campaign， cause， xxmission， xxponent，content， intention，crisis， critic， critical， destination， discard，discipline， anticipate， participate， principal，principle，familiar，feature，feasible，indifferent， provide， recover， standard， thorough，morally， virtually， deal with， copewith， doubt，执行， density， corporation，currency，current，demonstrate，countless，discount ， extraordinary， graduate， gradually，precious，precise，appreciate，reluctant，unwilling， sharp， shape， source， strength， length，supply， drop， endure， evident， enormous， intensive，preference， produce， reflect， scale， semester，shift， talent， threat， typical， vain， volunteer，acxxplish， analysis， assist， persist， insist，resist， consist， colony， confront， conventional，descend， donate， elementary， eliminate， frequent，incline，instant，merit，military，prevent，represent，restrain，academic，available，challenge，continent，elaborate，function，generous， illustrate， measure， narrow， option，phenomenon， prohibit， panic， pretend， prompt，regulate， shrink， swallow， uniform， artificial，creature，determine，distinct，encounter，environment， fatigue篇二：公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install,intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal,normal, radiate, authority, xxpanion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief,conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, xxpare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain,entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, xxplicate,xxprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith,faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, xxbine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely, inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consult, insult, spray,announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, nullity, debate, decrease, increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate, divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property, reputation, restrict, loyal, royal, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate,imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select,collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse, prejudice, avoid, escape, capture, xxpete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim,in spite of, temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, acxxpany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent,inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, xxmercial,xxmunicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere, nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble, assemble, shape,sophisticate, stain, strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute, estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect,purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore, resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve, certify, certificate, frost, fund, genuine, intend, material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow, contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel, circulate, xxmunity, xxpany, consent, cooperate, cultivate, depart, devote,dismiss, distant, enhance, eventually, fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense, treat, treaty, capacity, civilian, xxpel, contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise, device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish, plain, xxplain, explain,financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, xxprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook, overxxe, resist, insist, state, supreme, superior, volume, absorb, account, achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply, applicable, applicant, application, broad, board, cancel, casual, cancer, classify, xxfort, submit, permit, emit, xxplex, conduct, constant, core, demand, xxmand, xxment, xxmend,mental, rexxmend, mention, design, signal, significant, protect, detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose, xxpose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove, improve, record, relieve,sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, xxmission, xxponent, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature,feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,acxxplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue篇三：公共管理硕士重要英语词汇一览VIP Vocabulary for MPAa. normal, radiate, authority, xxpanion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief,b. force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal,c. conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, xxpare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice,practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain,d. entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, inadvance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, xxplicate, xxprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith,e. faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, xxbine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely, inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consult, insult, spray,f. announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, nullity, debate, decrease,increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate,divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property,reputation, restrict, loyal, royal, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate,g. imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select, collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse,prejudice, avoid, escape, capture, xxpete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply,reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim,h. in spite of, temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, acxxpany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent,i. inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, xxmercial, xxmunicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere, nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble, assemble, shape, sophisticate, stain,j. strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute, estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect,k. purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore, resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve, certify, certificate, frost, fund, genuine, intend, material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow, contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel,circulate, xxmunity, xxpany, consent, cooperate, cultivate, depart, devote,l. dismiss, distant, enhance, eventually, fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense, treat, treaty, capacity, civilian, xxpel, contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise, device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish, plain, xxplain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, xxprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook, overxxe, resist, insist, state, supreme, superior, volume, absorb, account, achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply, applicable, applicant, application, broad, board, cancel, casual, cancer, classify, xxfort, submit, permit, emit, xxplex, conduct, constant, core, demand, xxmand, xxment, xxmend,m. mental, rexxmend, mention, design, signal, significant, protect, detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity,personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose, xxpose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove, improve, record, relieve,n. sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, xxmission, xxponent, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope o. with, doubt, execute, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,p. acxxplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony,confront, conventional, descend, donate,elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option,phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue。
subsidy公共管理专业英语词汇讲解
Synonym
subvention
Subsidy, subvention are both grants of money, especially governmental, to aid private undertakings. A subsidy is usually given to promote commercial enterprise: a subsidy to manufacturers during a war. A subvention is usually a grant to stimulate enterprises connected with science and the arts: a subvention to a research chemist by a major company.
Feature
1、subsidy is a government behavior: the government behavior of here is a general concept, not only including the central and local government subsidies, but also includes the government behavior intervention of the private sector subsidies. 3、the subsidy must be granted to the subsidized party a certain benefit: it is generally believed that the subsidized party obtains certain value from a government subsidy scheme that it cannot obtain in the market.
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览
公共管理硕士（MPA）重要英语词汇一览force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal, normal, radiate, authority, companion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief, conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, compare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain, entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, complicate, comprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith, faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, combine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely,inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consult, insult, spray, announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, nullity, debate, decrease, increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate, divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property, reputation, restrict, loyal, royal, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate, imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select, collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse, prejudice, avoid, escape, capture, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim, in spite of, temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, accompany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent, inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, commercial, communicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere, nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble, assemble, shape, sophisticate, stain, strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute, estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect, purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore, resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve, certify, certificate, frost,fund, genuine, intend, material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow, contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel, circulate, community, company, consent, cooperate, cultivate, depart, devote, dismiss, distant, enhance, eventually, fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense, treat, treaty, capacity, civilian, compel, contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise, device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish, plain, complain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, comprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook, overcome, resist, insist, state, supreme, superior, volume, absorb, account, achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply, applicable, applicant, application, broad, board, cancel, casual, cancer, classify, comfort, submit, permit, emit, complex, conduct, constant, core, demand, command, comment, commend, mental, recommend, mention, design, signal, significant, protect, detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose, compose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove, improve, record, relieve, sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, commission, component, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect,scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer, accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue。
公共管理MPA英语常用名词资料
公共管理MPA英语常用名词资料Chapter ONE1). 市政府 Municipal government2). 行政事务Administrative affairs 3). 增加透明度 To increase transparency 4). 财政预算 Financial budgets5). 公共福利 Public welfare6). 机构改革 Institutional reform7). 行政管理功能 Administrative functions 8). 违约行为 Promise-breaking activities 9). 人力资源管理 Management of human resources 10). 福利待遇 Welfare treatment11). 政府职能的转变 Transformation of government functions12). 行政任命 Administrative orders 13). 红头文件 Red-title document14). 香港特别行政区 Hong Kong SAR15). 办证大厅 Supermarket of administrative affairs16). 下岗人员 Laid-off employee17). 居民区 Residential communities 18). 法律咨询 Law consultation19). 婚姻注册 Matrimonial registration 20). 挂名上岗 Wear name tags while working 21). 电子政府 E-government22). 行政开支 Administrative expenses 23). 办公自动化 Office automation24). 电子商务 E-commerce25). 工商部门 Departments of industry and commerce26). 城市规划 Urban planning27). 媒体监督Supervision of the media Reading Material1. 微观管理 Micromanagement2/ 宏观管理 Macromanagement3/ 动机 Motivation4. 程序规则 Procedural rules5. 公共机构 Public agencies6. 规范性问题 Prescriptive questions7. 导致 Lead to8. 公务员 Public employees9. 处理 Deal with10. 社会科学 Social science11. 作出贡献 Make a contribution toChapter Two1) 公共开支 Public expenditure 2) 官僚约束 Bureaucratic constrain 3) 受到怀疑 Call into questions 4) 高级官员 Senior officials5) 残疾人 Disabled people6) 准市场方向 Quasi-market lines 7) 减缓 Slacken off8) 有效的政治监督 Effective political supervision9) 条条框框 framework of rules 10) 维持原状 Leave well alone11) 社会安全 Social security12) 医疗保健 Health care13) 选举制度 Electoral systems14) 宏观经济管理 Macroeconomics management 15) 人才市场 Labor market16) 现状 Status quo17) 奖励制度 Reward and appraisal system 18) 政府改组 government reshuffle19) 加快政治进程 Acceleration of political process Reading Material1. 地理信息系统 Geographical information systems2. 城市管理系统Urban management3. 私营部门 Private sector4. 关税改革 Tariff reform5. 地下水使用 Groundwater use6. 人力资源 Human Resource7. 城市发展进程 Urban development process 8. 部门结构 institutional structures 9. 决策机制 Decision-making mechanisms Chapter Three1). 地方政府 Local government or Local/Regional authorities2). 相反 On the contrary3). 公共服务自由化 Liberalization of public services 4). 开放市场 To open up markets5). 与…一致 To conform to6). 长期压力 Permanent tension7). 地方税收 Local tax revenue8). 市政服务 Municipal services9). 私营企业 Private enterprise10). 基础设施与城镇规划 infrastructure and town planning11). 环境保护 Environmental protection 12). 权力范围 Spheres of competence 13). 中央政府 Central authority 14). 争议 To be at odds15). 公共设施工程 Public works16). 原则上 In principle17). 制定 To lay down18). 委托合同 Contractual Delegation 19). 管理制度 Managerial systemsChapter Four1). 参与 Participate in2). 发展中国家 Developing countries 3). 私营公司 Private firms4). 电信工程 Telecommunications projects 5). 能源工程 Energyprojects6). 人均国民收入总值 Gross national income (GNI)7) 投资环境 Investment climate 8). 国内企业家 Domestic entrepreneurs 9). 外国投资商 Foreign investors 10). 风险率 Risk ratings11).决策人 Policymakers12).高风险 High risk13). 总资金 Gross capital14). 相反 By contrast15). 低风险 Low risk16). 股票市场 Stock markets17). 国内生产总值 Gross Domestic product (GDP) 18). 自然资源 Natural resources 19). 环境保护 Environmental protection 20). 财政及货币稳定Fiscal and monetary stability21). 税收政策 Tax policy22). 兑率 Exchange rates23). 防务开支 Defense expenditures 24). 进出口 Exports and imports 25). 国税及地税 State and local taxes 26). 个人收入 Individual income27). 新的信息及通讯技术New information and communications technologies28). 经济增长 Economic growth29). 远程教育 Distance education 30). 社会及文化进步 Social and cultural advances31). 以最低的成本 At the lowest cost 32). 低收入经济 Low-income economies 33). 高收入经济 High-income economies 34). 由于 Thanks to35). 移动电话 Mobiles phones36). 知识经济 Knowledge economy37). 私人电脑 Personal computerChapter 8差距拉大 Growing disparities对华直接投资 Foreign direct investment货币政策 Monetary policy外资企业 Foreign-funded enterprise拉动内需 Stimulated domestic demand住房抵押贷款 Housing mortgage loan城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income disparities 税后收入 Disposable income国有企业 Stated-owned Enterprises (SOES) 连续财政激励 Consecutive fiscal stimulus南水北调工程 Projects to divert water from the south to the north农村基础设施 Rural infrastructure税收 Tax revenue固定比率 Fixed ratio加重通货紧缩 Aggravate deflationary非典(SARS) Severe acute respiratory syndrome 财政赤字 Budget deficit 消退 Taper off保护知识产权 Protecting intellectual property rights 消除地方保护主义 Removing local protectionism Reading Material国际复兴与开发银行 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development国际货币基金组织 International Monetary Fund 国际金融公司International Finance Cooperation 国际开发协会 International Development Association 多边投资担保局 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency。
公共管理学专业英语词汇整理
公共管理学专业英语词汇目标内部环境外部环境集体目标计划组织人事领导控制步骤原理方法经理总经理行政人员主管人员企业商业产业公司效果效率企业家权利职权职责科学管理现代经营管理行为科学生产率激励动机法律法规经济体系管理职能产品服务利润满意归属尊敬自我实现人力投入盈余收入成本资本货物机器设备建筑存货经验法人际行为法集体行为法协作社会系统法社会技术系统法决策理论法数学法系统法随机制宜法管理任务法经营法人际关系心理学态度压力冲突招聘鉴定选拔培训报酬授权协调业绩考绩制度表现下级偏差检验记录误工记录销售量产品质量先进技术顾客服务策略结构领先性普遍性忧虑忿恨士气解雇批发零售程序规则规划预算共同作用大型联合企业资源购买增长目标专利产品竞争对手晋升管理决策商业道德有竞争力的价格供货商小贩利益冲突派生政策开支帐户批准程序病假休假工时机时资本支出现金流量工资率税收率股息现金状况资金短缺总预算资产负债表可行性投入原则投资回报生产能力实际工作者最终结果业绩个人利益福利市场占有率创新生产率利润率社会责任董事会组织规模组织文化目标管理评价工具激励方法控制手段个人价值优势弱点机会威胁个人责任顾问定量目标定性目标可考核目标优先工资表策略政策灵活性多种经营评估一致性应变策略公共关系价值抱负偏见审查批准主要决定分公司总经理资产组合距阵明星问号现金牛赖狗采购人口因素地理因素公司形象产品系列合资企业破产政策紧缩政策战术追随个性性格安全自主权悲观的静止的乐观的动态的灵活的抵制敌对折中激励潜意识地位情感欲望压力满足自我实现的需要尊敬的需要归属的需要安全的需要生理的需要维持保健激励因素概率强化理论反馈奖金股票期权劳资纠纷缺勤率人员流动奖励特许经营热诚信心鼓舞要素忠诚奉献作风品质适应性进取性热情毅力人际交往能力行政管理能力智力专制式领导民主式领导自由放任式领导管理方格图工作效率服从领导行为支持型领导参与型领导指导型领导成就取向型领导自动化检验自动化装配系统应用生物力学计算机辅助设计与制造计算机整合制造系统数据结构数据库管理系统决策分析工程经济工程统计设施规划工厂诊断与改善方法财务与成本分析模糊理论与应用()人因工程与计算机系统人因工程人类讯息处理人机系统设计人力资源管理人体系统诊断与改善工业环境评估工业组织与管理工业安全信息技术智慧财产权法知识工程线性代数制造自动化制造工程制造管理制造程序制造系统与管理市场与行销物流自动化数学规划多目标规划多准则决策分析网络分析数值分析组织与管理产品与技术开发管理生产管理生产计划与管制质量管理品质工程品质管理等候线理论可靠度工程，研究发展管理半导体生产管理排序与排程模拟分析统计方法随机系统技术策略大型系统分析与设计系统绩效评估技术系统品质保证工程系统工程系统仿真视觉与色彩工作生理学工作研究会计助理记帐员会计部经理会计部职员会计主管行政经理行政人员行政助理行政办事员广告工作人员航空公司定座员航空公司职员应用工程师副经理证券分析员证券交易员业务主任业务经理采购员出纳员化学工程师土木工程师职员/接待员& 文书打字兼秘书计算机资料输入员计算机工程师计算机处理操作员计算机系统部经理广告文字撰稿人副总经理经济研究助理电气工程师工程技术员英语教师外销部经理外销部职员财务主任财务报告人. ( ) 外汇部职员. 外汇部核算员财务经理审计长总经理总经理助理's 总经理秘书计算机硬件工程师进口联络员进口部经理保险公司理赔员国际销售员口语翻译法律顾问生产线主管维修工程师管理顾问经理公关部经理制造工程师生产员工市场分析员市场开发部经理市场销售部经理市场销售员销售助理销售主管销售代表市场调研部经理机械工程师采矿工程师音乐教师造船工程师办公室助理职员业务经理包装设计师乘客票位预订员人事部职员人事部经理厂长邮政人员私人秘书生产部经理产品工程师专业人员电脑程序设计师项目策划人员推售部经理校对员采购进货员质量管理工程师房地产职员招聘协调人地区经理＆研究开发工程师饭店经理销售计划员销售助理店员、售货员销售协调人销售工程师销售主管销售部经理销售员销售代表销售监管学校注册主任秘书助理秘书保安人员安全人员高级会计高级顾问高级雇员高级秘书服务部经理同声传译员计算机软件工程师监管员系统顾问系统工程师系统操作员技术编辑技术翻译技术工人电讯（电信）员/ 电话接线员、话务员导游贸易财务主管培训部经理翻译核对员翻译员银行高级职员打字员文字处理操作员A进入歧视动作研究解散特别结构管理原则人工环境人工智能工巧匠规避性学习双管齐下策略B资产负债表波士顿咨询集团矩阵善意职业资格审查有限理性官僚机构标杆瞄准有限理性方法跨超边界作用C()计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产对话企业联合变革促进者混沌理论魅力型领导者博爱原则强制权凝聚力合作型管理可比较价值竞争性基准碰头会永久性目标权变理论公司社会表现公司社会责任公司社会反应关键事件流动资产流动负债文化强度创造性部门技艺性技术关联性维度连续加工生产集体化阶段小团体控制小团体文化联合团体协作网络集中性集权化竭尽忠诚的权力D分权民主管理部门化差别报酬系统辩证探求法劳动分工降职流动动态融合动态网络领域直接交叉事业部模式差别化战略决策前提二元核心模式E() 电子数据处理员工导向型风格授权解码终端用户计算系统企业家精神净资产公平理论信仰价值种族主义的管理者期望理论支出预算费用中心外部审计外部利益相关者外部奖励伦理巡视官外部适应性精细阶段创业阶段顽固认同F家庭集团财务报表扁平型结构弹性预算场力理论合法权力正式的系统评估特许经营权规范化阶段职能组合正式沟通渠道G博弈论一般财务状况全球化管理者总经理全球化传言链传言网全球战略伙伴关系一般环境全面战略区域组合全球公司全球区域结构H霍桑效应启发性原理科层制度招聘细则横向联系模型混合结构高接触高倍速环境I放任式管理损益表信息转换基础设施整合过程智力企业内部审计内部相关者实习内部企业家精神内在报酬库存, 存货内部整合组织间的关系团体间冲突交叉董事会机构的观点直觉决策构思倡导者渐进式变革非正式组织结构非正式业绩评价J职务描述职务设计职务扩大化职务丰富化职务轮换职务专业化K关键业务区关键绩效区L劳动生产力指数自由化管理大批量生产横向沟通领导风格()最不喜欢的同事合法权力负债联络者直线职权流动性联络员角色纵向关联技术冲突带来的损失低成本领先M目标管理管理方格矩阵主管管理倡导者() 物料需求计划马斯洛需求层次论管理文化多元化营销观文化多元主义多部门公司道德准则() 走动式管理矩阵结构() 跨国公司道德相对主义机械式组织中庸式管理常态理论多国化战略调停技术N朴素相对主义成就需要规范化规范非程序化决策非替代性非例行技术领地O脱产培训在职培训运营预算订单储备有机系统() 组织发展定位结果的相互依赖性外延服务组织生态系统P权威的矛盾创造力的矛盾开放的矛盾身份的矛盾个性的矛盾回归的矛盾部分生产率参与式管理路径目标模型同级招聘() 政治活动委员会多中心管理者业务组合框架资产组合投资正强化生产柔性收益率程序化决策精神分析法范式人员比例集合性依存专业官僚机构问题识别问题搜寻种群生态模型Q质量质量圈问题类市场交换物R理性决策模式() 实际工作预览相互依存性资源依赖理论例行技术保留理性方法理性模型理性—合法权威S准可变成本力量感敏感性训练性骚扰短期生产能力变化单向传言链情境方法情境力量情境领导理论移动规模预算小规模生产社会科技方法管理幅度参谋职权长设计划分步预算管家原则刺激调整阶段战略管理战略伙伴关系战略制定战略实施战略控制战略权变满意度子系统子单位协同系统边界结构性维度序列性依存自我管理型团队专门战略战略与结构变革结构无效的特征T高长型科层结构任务小组或项目团队任务的内部依赖性任务型管理任务导向型管理风格全部生产率全面质量管理挂职培训培训程序交易型领导变革型领导歧视待遇双因素理论双重主管员工技术或产品的倡导者U解冻单位产品V变种子变量效价可变成本纵向沟通纵向一体化仿真培训产量的可伸缩性纵向连接风险团队基于价值的领导W输赢情境双赢情境员工的读写能力在制品工作流程再造成工作流程自动化揭发Z零和( ) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。
公共管理工商管理硕士英语词汇excel版本
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uncover undergo underline undo uneasy unfold unique unity universal upseturgeutilize vacant vacation vaguevainvalidvalue vanish variation vary vehicle verify versionvia vibrate view viewpoint vigorous violate violence virtual virtue visible visual vivid volume voluntary vote waken wander ward warn welfare widespread willingness withdraw withstand witnessworldwide worth worthwhile worthy wreckMBA MPA MPAcc词汇800词vt. 遗弃；放弃vt. 吸引…的注意n. 接近（或进入，享用）的机会 || vt. 存取（计算机文件）n. [pl] 住处，膳宿vt. 陪伴；为…伴奏（或伴唱）vt. 达到，完成，实现（计划，诺言等）n. 一致；谅解 ||vi. (with) 相符合 ||vt. 给予n. 记述；帐户；解释 ||vi.(for) 说明…的原因vt. 堆积 ||vi. 累积vt. 指控vt. 完成，实现，达到 ||vi. 成功vt. 承认…的权威（或主张）；确认；报偿vt.(with) 使认识，使了解，使熟悉vt. 取得；学到vt. 使适应；修改 ||vi.(to) 适应a. 充足的；胜任的 [ˈædɪkwɪt]vt. 校正；调节 ||vi.(to) 适应n. 准许进入；入场券；承认vt. 收养；采取；批准n. 优点；利益a. 可取的，明智的vt. 拥护 ||n. 拥护者；律师 [ˈædvəˌket] v. 影响n. 喜爱vt. 负担得起；提供a. 侵犯的；有进取心得n. 津贴，补贴，零用钱v. 改变n. 抱负，野心；企望得到的东西n. 周年纪念（日）a. 每年的 ||n. 年报，年刊，年鉴；一年生的植物vt. 预期；提前使用n. 焦虑；渴望ad. [空间、时间方面]成距离；分离 ||a. 分离的n. 道歉vt. 任命；约定vt. 重视；为…表示感激；（充分）意识到 ||vi. 增值v. 靠近 ||n. 靠近；途径；方式a. 适当的 ||vt. 私占；拨出…供专用vt. 赞成；批准 ||vi.(of) 赞成vt. 产生，出现；(from)（由…）引起；起身vt. 引起，唤醒a. 人工的；假的n. 方面；（建筑物的）朝向；面貌vt. 肯定地说，断言；维护，坚持 [əˈsɚt]vt. 对…进行估价；评价，评论 [əˈsɛs]vt. 指派；指定（时间、地点等）；分配n. 帮助n. 假定；承担vt. 使确信；确保vt.达到，获得n./vt.尝试n.吸引力；具有吸引力的人或事物vt.(to)把…归因于 || n.属性a.现成可使用的；可取得联系的a.平均的；平常的 || n.平均数，平均 || v.平均vt.授予；裁定 || n.奖，奖品，奖金a.意识到n.平衡；天平；结存 || vt.使平衡；称；权衡n.特价商品；（买卖等双方的）协议 || vi.讨价还价n.栅栏；障碍；屏障vi.表现，举止端庄n.信任；信念a.有益的n.益处；救济金，保险金 || vt.有益于 || vi.得益n.（营业等的）激增；隆隆声 || vi.激增；发出隆隆声vt.提高；推动；替…作广告 || n.提高；推动a.一定的；受约束的；(for, to)准备到…去的n.突破，突破性进展，重要新发现n.种，品种 || vi.繁殖 || vt.饲养；养育；酿成n.预算，预算拨款 || vi.(for)编预算 || vt.规划n.重担；使重负 || vt.加重压于，烦恼；负重vt.取消；抵消；删去n.容量；才能；身份，职位vt.证明；发证书（或执照）给n.艰巨的任务；怀疑；挑战 || vt.反对；向…挑战n.环境；境况[ˈsɚkəmˌstæns]vt.声称；对…提出要求；需要 || n.要求，认领，索赔vt.澄清，阐明 [ˈklærəˌfaɪ]n.线索vi. / n.倒坍；崩溃[kəˈlæps]n.碰撞；冲突n.评论；闲话 || vt.评论n.承诺；信奉，献身；承担的义务 [kəˈmɪtmənt]n.同伴，伴侣[kəmˈpænjən]a.(with, to)可比较的；比得上的a.比较的vt.(to, with)比较；(to)把…比作 || vi.相比vt.强迫[kəmˈpɛl]a.有能力的 [ˈkɑmpɪtənt]a.竞争的；好竞争的；（价格等）有竞争力的 [kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv] a.广泛的，综合的vt.包含；构成vt.隐藏vt.承认；（在结果确定前）承认失败；允许 || vi.让步n.关切的事；关心；关系；公司 || vt.涉及；使关心prep.关于n.让步；特许，特许权；承认vt.推断出；结束 || vi.结束；终了v.（使）冷凝；浓缩；简缩v.坦白；承认a.确信的；自信的vt.限制；使不外出 || n.界限vt.证实，肯定；进一步确定，确认；批准n.冲突；战斗 || vi.冲突vt.迎面遇到；勇敢地面对；使对质vt.使困惑；混淆；混乱n.良心 [ˈkɑnʃəns]a.自觉的；神志清醒的；有意的[ˈkɑnʃəs]n.准许 || vi.(to)准许n.结果；重要（性），重大ad.所以，因此n.保存，（对自然资源的）保护，避免浪费[ˌkɑnsɚˈveʃən] a.保守的；（式样等）不时新的 || n.保守的人a.相当大（或多）的a.体贴的a.坚持的；一致的vt.组成；设立，任命vt.使缩紧，使收缩，压缩；构筑；建造，建设vt.请教；查阅 || vi.交换意见n.接触 || vt.与…取得联系 [ˈkɑnˌtækt]a.当代的，同时代的 || n.同代人，当代人n.（书等的）内容 || a.满意的 || vt.使满意n.竞赛；争夺 || vt.争夺；对…提出质疑n.背景；语境a.不见断的；多次重复的 [kənˈtɪnjuəl]n.合同 || vt.感染（疾病），染上（恶习）n.矛盾；否认，反驳a.(to)相反的 || n.[-the]相反 [ˈkɑnˌtrɛri]n.对比 || vt.对比 || vi.(with)形成对比 [ˈkɑ:ntræst] vi.捐款；(to)有助于；投稿 || vt.捐，捐献 [kənˈtrɪbjut]n.争论n.习俗；公约；（正式）会议v.（使）转变；（使）改变信仰（或态度等）vt.表达；运送vt.使确信vt.调节 || n.坐标 || a.同等的 [ko'ɔrdəˈnet]vi.(with)相符合；(to)相当；通信[ˌkɔrɪˈspɑnd, ˌkɑr-]n.委员会，理事会 [ˈkaʊnsəl]n.律师，法律顾问；忠告 || vt.劝告[ˈkaʊnsəl]n.课程；过程；行动方针；路线；（一）道（菜）n.信贷；赞扬，功劳；学分；信任 || vt.信任；(to)把…归于.a.决定性的；批评的 [ˈkrɪtɪkəl]n..至关重要的 [ˈkruʃəl]vt.压碎，弄皱；镇压n.暗示，信号；提示 || vt.提示vt.耕作，养殖；培养，发展n.好奇（心）；奇物，奇事，古玩n.最后期限n. / v.辩论vi.腐烂；衰败 || n.腐烂；衰败（或衰退）状态vt.欺骗a.像样的；宽厚的；得体的n.宣布；宣言；申报 [ˌdɛkləˈreʃən] n.下降，衰退 || vi.下降；衰退；谢绝 || vt.谢绝vt.击败；挫败 || n.战败；击败n.缺点 || vi.变节vt.给…下定义，解释；限定a.明确的；一定的 [ˈdɛfənɪt]vt.删除 [diˈlit]a.故意的；慎重的 || v.仔细考虑 [dɪˈlɪbərɪt]a.易碎的；棘手的；娇弱的；精美的 [ˈdɛlɪkɪt] vt.投递；发表；给（产妇）接生；给予（打击等）；解救vt.论证；说明 || vi.举行示威游行（或集会） [ˈdɛmənˌstret]vt.否认；拒绝给予vi.离开；(from)背离a.(on, upon)依靠的；取决于…的n.定金；存款；沉积物，矿藏 || vt.使沉淀；存放；储蓄 [dɪˈpɑzɪt] vt.使沮丧；削弱；按下n.抑郁；不景气；洼地vt.取得；追溯…的起源（或来由） || vi.(from)起源 [dɪˈraɪv]vi.下来；(from)起源（于）；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至vt.应受a.值得想望的；可取的 [dɪˈzaɪrəbəl]n.绝望；使人绝望的人（或事物） || vi.(of)绝望 [dɪˈspɛr] a.不顾一切的；极想望的；绝望的n.破坏，消灭vt.发明，策划vt.(to)把…专用（于）；将…奉献给vt.丢弃vt.解雇；排出；卸（货）|| vi.放电 || n.获准离开；放电n.纪律；训练；惩罚；学科 || vt.训练；惩罚 [ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.（价格、债款等）折扣 || vt.把…打折扣vt.假扮；伪装；掩盖 || n.用来伪装的东西（或行动）；假装 [dɪsˈɡaɪz] n.厌恶 || vt.使厌恶vt.排列；使倾向于 || vi.(of)去掉；处理n.争论 || vt.对…表示异议 || vi.争论vi.溶解；消失，减弱 || vt.使溶解；解散，结束a.有区别的；清楚的；明确的 [dɪˈstɪŋkt]vt.转移（注意力），使分心 [dɪˈstrækt] n.痛苦；贫困；危难 || vt.使痛苦vt.打扰；使不安；弄乱a.不同的；多种多样的n. / vt.用文件（或文献）等证明，记载a.本国的；家（庭）的；驯养的 [dəˈmɛstɪk] a.占优势的；居高临下的 [ˈdɑmənənt]vt.支配；俯视 || vi.处于支配地位n.捐款；捐赠vt.下载（计算机用语）vt.排走；渐渐耗尽 || vi.慢慢流掉 || n.耗竭；排水沟 [dren] a.耐用的 [ˈdʊrəbəl, ˈdjʊr-]n.持续，持续期间n.容易，悠闲 || v.缓和 [iz]a.优美的；简练的 [ˈɛlɪɡənt] vt.排除；淘汰 [ɪˈlɪməˌnet]vt.使窘迫vt.拥抱；包括；包围 || n.拥抱vi.(from)浮现；（问题等）发生 [ɪˈmɚdʒ]n.紧急情况vi移居国外（或外地）. [ˈɛmɪˌɡret] vt.发出（光、热、声音等），射出 [ɪˈmɪt] vt.使能够vt.围住；把…装入信封，附入 [ɛnˈkloz] vt. / n.遇到 [ɛnˈkaʊntɚ]vt.忍受 || vi.忍受；持久 [ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr]vt.实施；强迫vt.占用（时间、精力等）；使从事；使订婚 || vi.(in)参加 [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ] vt.提高，增加v.扩大vt.启发，开导 [ɪn'laɪtn]vt.充实，使丰富；使富裕，使富有vi.(in, on)入学，加入 || vt.招收，吸收 [ɪn'rəʊl]vt.给…权利；给（书、文章等）题名 [ɪn'taɪtl]vt.参赛的人（或物）；入口处，门厅，河口；登记n.（一连串事件中的）一个事件；片断，连续剧的一集 ['epɪsəʊd] a.相等的 || n.相等物 [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]a.竖直的 || vt.建造；竖立a.必不可少的；本质的 || n.要素；必需品n.估计；评价 || vt.估计a.永久的，永世的；无休止的；永恒的，永不改变的 [ɪˈtɚnəl]vt.评估 [ɪˈvæljuˌet] n.根据v.（使）演变，（使）发展 [ɪˈvɑlv] v.夸大[ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt]vt.超过，越出n.过量；超越 || a.过量的，额外的，附加的a.奢华的；独有的；(of)不包括…的 || n.独家新闻 [ɪkˈsklusɪv] vt.处死；实施 [ˈɛksɪˌkjut]n.主管；（政府的）行政部门 || a.执行的，行政的vt.用（力）；运用 [ɪɡˈzɚt] n.期待；前程[ˌekspekˈteɪʃn]n.价钱；开支；业务费用vt.剥削；利用，开发 || n.业绩，功绩 [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]v.勘探；仔细查阅，探索v.暴露；曝光；揭露n.暴露；曝光；揭发[ɪkˈspoʒɚ]vt.延伸；扩展；提供 || vi.伸展；（在范围或应用上）达到n.程度；广度，宽度，大小n.外部，外表 || a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɪriɚ] a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɚnəl]n.目击证人n.设备，便利 [fəˈsɪlɪti] n.能力；系，学科，学院；全体教员 [ˈfækəlti] vi.褪去；逐渐消失；凋谢 ||vt.使褪色a.隐约的；无力的；凋谢 || vi.昏厥 || n.昏厥 [fent]a.极好的；极大的；奇异的a.迷人的a.致命的，毁灭性的；重大的，决定性的n.疲劳 || v.（使）疲劳a.有错误的a.有错误的，有缺点的a.可行的，可用的n.特征；面貌；专题节目；故事片 || vt.突出，由……主演n.反馈，反馈信息a.凶猛的；狂热的n.财政，金融；财源，资金 || vt.为……提供资金vt.闪光；飞驰；闪耀 || n.闪光；闪光灯vi.逃走 || vt.逃离，逃避a.易弯曲的；灵活的vi.茂盛，繁荣 || vt.挥动（以引起注意）v.(on)（使）聚焦 || n.焦点，（注意，活动等的）中心vt.不许vt.伪造（货币，文件等）；锻造a.健忘的，不留心的n.小部分；分数n.次数；经常发生vt.使沮丧；挫败a.基本的 || n.基本原则vt.布置，为……配备家具；供应n.缺口；间隔；差距v. /n. 凝视n.齿轮，（排）档 || vt.使适应，使适合vt.产生（光，热，电等）；引起a.真的，真诚的n.姿势；（人际交往时做出的）姿态 || v.做手势（表示）vi. /n.扫视vi.(at) 怒目而视；发射强光 || n.强光；怒视；炫耀；闪耀vt. / n. 一瞥n.拨款，授予物 || vt.授予n.悲伤，悲痛；悲伤的事，悲痛的缘由a.总的；严重的；粗俗的；臃肿的 || vt.获得……的总收入（或毛利）vt.保证 || n.保证书n.指引，领导n.指导方针a.内疚的；有罪的a.方便的；手边的；手巧的n.海港 || vt.庇护；心怀（怨恨等）n.和谐a.严厉的；毛糙的n.危险，公害 || vt.尝试着做（或提出）；冒风险n.标题n.大字标题；新闻摘要vt.使愈合；调停 || vi.愈合v.犹豫；不情愿vt.强调 || n.最精彩的部分，最重要的事件n.视野a.敌对的；敌方的a.谦逊的；地位（或身份）低下的；简陋的 || vt.使谦恭a.理想的；想象的 || n.理想；理想的东西（或人）a.(to, with)相同的；同一的vt.认出，鉴定；(with)把…等同于 || vi.(with)认同n.身份；个性；同一性a.懒散的；空闲的；无用的 || vi.懒散 || vt.(away)虚度（光阴）vt.不顾vt.说明；给…作插图说明n.形象；印象；图像；形象的描述n. / v. 影响；冲击vt.使生效，履行 || n.工具vt.(on)把…强加于；征（税等），处以（罚款、监禁等）n.发生率n.发生的事；事件v.（使）倾斜；（使）倾向于，赞同 || n.斜坡a.不能相信的；不可思议的，惊人的n.索引；标志；指数，指标 || vt.为…编索引，把…编入索引vt.标示，指示；表明a.冷漠的；一般的，（表现）平平的a.(to, for)必不可少的vt.引诱，劝；引起，导致a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的vt.推论a.劣等的；下级的 || n.下级a.有影响的，有权势的a.(in)内在的，固有的，生来就有的a.开始的 || n.（性命等的）首字母n.主动性，首创精神；主动的行动；主动权a.(of)清白的；无害的，没有恶意的；天真的n.输入，投入；输入物，输入的数据 || vt.把…输入计算机vt.插入n.洞察力，深刻的见解vt.安装；使就职n.本能；生性vt.侮辱 || n.侮辱，凌辱vt.给…保险；保证a.完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的v.(into, with)（使）成为一体n.正直，诚实，诚恳；完整，完全，完善vt.想要；打算使（成为）a.强烈的，紧张的；认真的；热情的n.强烈；强度n.意图，目的n.相互作用vi.(with, in)干涉，介入；妨碍n.内部；[-the]内地 || a.内部的；内地的a.内部的；国内的；内心的vi.口译，翻译 || vt.解释，说明vt.打断，打扰；中止 || vi.打断，打扰n.间隔；幕间（或工间）休息a.亲密的，密切的；私人的 || vt.暗示，提示 || n.至交vt.恐吓，威胁v.侵入，侵略v.调查，调查研究a.看不见的vt.包含；使参与；牵涉vt.使隔离n.问题；发行 || vt.颁布，出版；分发 || vi.流出，发出vt.证明…正当（或有理）vi.落后 || n.滞后，（时间上的）间隔n.风景；风景画；全景 || vt.美化…的景观vt.发动；(into, in)使开始从事n.布局，设计v.（使）漏，（使）渗出；泄漏 || n.漏洞；泄漏；（消息等的）走漏a.(to)可能的；(for)有法律责任的；(to)易于…的a.心胸宽阔的；（指政治观点上的）自由主义的；慷慨的ad.同样地；也vi.暂住，借宿 || vt.供…以临时住宿 || n.乡间小屋，施舍a.壮丽的；豪华的；极好的vt.维持；维修；坚持；赡养，负担n.维修；抚养费；维持n.管理；管理部门，管理人员a.用手的，手工做的 || n.手册，指南n.页边空白；差额；余地；边缘a.微小的，不重要的；仅以微弱多数票获胜的a.奇迹般的a.大而重的，大块的；大量的a.成熟的；应支付的 || v.（使）成熟a.最高的，顶点的 || n.最大限度，顶点n.机械装置；机制；办法n.新闻媒介，传播媒介a.中等的 || n.媒质；新闻媒介，传播媒介；手段a.纪念的 || n.纪念碑，纪念仪式vt.修理 || vi.恢复健康a.精神的；精神病的；智力的vt. / n.提及a.仁慈的；宽大的n.慈悲；恩惠a.仅仅的；纯粹的n.长处，价值；功绩 || vt.值得n.凌乱状态；混乱的局面 || vt.弄糟n.少数派；少数民族n.奇迹a.痛苦的；令人难受（或痛苦）的vt.给…错误印象；把…带错路；把…带坏n.使命；代表团n.方式a.中等的；稳健的；有节制的 || v.（使）和缓，（使）减轻a.谦虚的；适中的；羞怯的n.道德，德行，品行；道德观，道德规范n.（物体的）运动；手势，眼色；提议 || v.（向…）打手势vt.作为…的动机，激励n.动机a.相互的；共同的n.杜撰出来的人（或事情）；神话ad.全国范围内的，全国性的vt.忽视；疏忽 || n.疏忽，玩忽vt.洽谈；顺利通过 || vi.协商a.显而易见的vt.通知，报告n.概念；意图n.目标 || a.客观的n.义务vt.迫使；施恩于；使感激n.障碍（物），妨碍n.时刻；重大（或特殊）活动；时机；起因 || vt.引起vt.占，占用，占领；使忙碌，使从事n.发生的事情；发生a.奇特的；临时的；奇数的；剩余的 || n.可能性，机会vt.冒犯，伤害…的感情；使厌恶；违犯n.口子，洞；（正式的）开始；（职位的）空缺n.敌手；反对者vt.反对a.乐观（主义）的n.选择；选择权；（供）选择的事情（或人），选课n.结果n.提纲；外形，略图 || vt.概述；描…外形n.观点；展望n.产量；输出，输出功率 || vt.输出（信息、数据等）n.开始a.突出的；未解决的a.总体的；全部的 || ad.总的来说 || n.工装裤，工作服vt.忽视；宽恕；俯瞰vt.追上，超过；突然降临于vt.（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措 || 征服，制服n.恐慌 || v.（使）恐慌a.部分的；(to)偏爱的；(to)偏向一方的vi.(in)参与n.激情；酷爱n.支付的款项；支付a.奇怪的；特有的n.同龄人，同等地位的人；贵族 || vi.仔细看n.处罚，罚金v.透入，渗入；刺入；洞察n.养老金 || vt.发给…养老金（或退职金、抚恤金等）vt.感知；认识到n.感知（能力）；认识，观念a.永久（性）的n.允许vi.(in)坚持不懈；继续存在n.人格；人物n.[总称]人员；人事部门n.视角；远景；透视画法n.说服（力），劝说 || 信念，信仰a.悲观（主义）的n.阶段；方面；（月）相 || vt.分阶段实行（或计划）n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物n.（政党的）纲领a.有道理的，似乎正确的，貌似可信的n.保证，誓言 || vt.保证，许诺n.故事情节；（秘密）计划 || vt.密谋；绘制…的平面图 || vi.密谋vt.磨光；修改，润色 || n.擦光剂，上光腊n.民意测试；政治选举 || vt.对…进行民意测试n.一部分，一份 || vt.(out)分配vt.描写，描绘；扮演，饰演vt.造成；提出（问题等），陈述（论点等） || vi.摆姿势（拍照）vt.推迟a.潜在的 || n.潜力a.实际的；切合实际的n.预防，警惕a.在先的a.更可取的n.偏见 || vt.使有偏见；对…不利，损害a.预备的，初步的 || n.初步做法，起始行为n.处方，药方，（医生开的）药；开处方，开药方n.提供；外观，（显示的）图像；报告；表演vt.保护，维持；保存；腌制n.压（力）；强制 || vt.对…施加压力（或影响），迫使，说服ad.大概vi.流行；(over)获胜；(on, upon)说服n.（电影、戏剧等的）预映，预演；（电影等的）预告（片）a.先，前；(to)在…之前a.原始的；简单的 || n.原（始）人，原始事物n.原则，原理；基本信念a.优先的n.优先（权），重点；优先考虑的事n.特权，优惠n.程序vi.进行；（沿特定路线）行进，（朝特定方向）前进n.过程；工序；（法律）程序 || vt.加工a.多产的，富饶的；富有成效的n.（面部或头部的）侧面（像）；传略；轮廓；姿态n.利润 || vt.有益于 || vi.(by, from)得益vt.禁止a.突出的；突起的vt.发扬；提升；宣传vt.促使，推动；提示 || a.敏捷的，迅速的 || n.题词，提示n.证据；校样，样张 || a.耐…的n.财产；房产；性质n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡v.提议；提名；打算；求婚n.前景；景象；有希望的候选人 || vt.(for)勘探n.兴旺，繁荣n. / v.抗议，反对vt.证明，证实 || vi.结果是conj.假如n.供应；准备；条款；给养vt.对…挑衅；激起n.公众的注意，名声；宣传a.严守时刻的vt.继续；追赶；追求v.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思 || n.智力测验；难题v.（使）胜任，（使）合格v.停止；离开，辞（职）v.引用 || n.论文；报价；引号n.挂架，搁架 || vi.使痛苦；使紧张，使努力n.幅度 || vi.（在某范围内）变动；(over)论及n.比率a.理智的；合理的ad.乐意地；容易地；很快地a.现实的；实际可行的；逼真的n.界，领域；王国vt.收割，收货；获得，得到n.后部；后方 || a.后部的；后方的 || vt.抚养，饲养，种植a.通情达理的；合理的；（价钱）公道的n.反叛分子，反对者 || vi.反叛；反对vt.回忆起；召回；收回 || vi.记得，回想n.发票；收入，进款；收到n.（经济的）衰退，衰退期vt.认为；(on)指望；测算n.认出；承认；赏识，表彰vt.推荐；劝告；使成为可取vt.使协调；使和解；(to)使顺从（于），使甘心（于）n.娱乐活动vt.招募（新兵），吸收（新成员） || n.新兵，新成员n.减少；下降vi.(to)涉及；指的是；参考 || vt.引…参考（或查询）vt.精炼；使优美，使完善vt.改革，改造 || vi.改正，改过自新 || n.改革，改造v.（使）振作精神，（使）恢复活力n.拒绝vt.管理；调整vt.增强，增援vt.拒绝；退回 || n.被拒货品，不合格产品vt.传送，传达，转述；中继转播，接替，补充，转运vt. / n.释放；接触；放开；发布a.有关的，切题的a.可靠的n.轻松；减轻；使得到调剂；接替vt.使轻松；缓解；接替vt.评论说 || vi.(on)谈论，评论 || n.谈论，评论a.值得注意的；异常的n.补救办法；药品 || vt.补救；医治vt.提醒；使发生联想vt.使得；给予；翻译v.继续；（使）更新；延长（…的）有效期v.复制，再现；繁殖vt. / n.请求vt.像n.（住处、座位等的）预订；保留，犹豫vi.辞职 || vt.辞去；(to)使顺从a.(to)抵抗的，抗…的，耐…的vt.解决；决定；(into)分解 || vi.决定 || n.决心vi.(to)求助，凭借 || n.求助；常去之地n.[pl.]资源；应付办法ad.分别地a.有责任感的；责任重大的vt.恢复；修复；归还vt.阻止；抑制n.抑制；约束措施v.（中断后）重新开始 || n.摘要；简历vt.保留vi.退却；退缩 || n.退却；退缩；隐退处vt.揭露，泄露；展现n.报复 || vt.为…报仇，报…之仇n.（尤指大宗的）收入；（政府的）税收vt.修订；复习 || vi.复习vi.旋转n.报答；报酬 || vt.报答vt.(of)使摆脱a.严格的，死板的；刚硬的n.（宗教等的）仪式；例行公事 || a.例行的n.竞争对手；可与匹敌的人（或物） || a.竞争的vt.抢劫；(of)（非法）剥夺vt.惊起，唤醒n.例行公事 || a.例行的，常规的n.缘故a.令人满意的n.丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨a.缺乏的；稀少的n.惊恐 || vt.吓，使害怕 || vi.受惊吓，感到害怕vt.撒，撒播；使散开 || vi.分散n.风景；舞台布景n.时刻表，日程安排表；清单 || vt.安排，排定n.计划；阴谋 || v.密谋n.（活动，影响等的）范围；机会n.剧本，广播稿；文字体系；笔迹，手迹n.部分；章节；部门；截面a.安全的，牢固的 || vt.得到；使安全，保卫；缚牢n.安全；抵押品；证券vt.寻找，追求；征求（意见），请求（帮助）；试图ad.表面上，看上去n.选择；被挑选出来的人（或物），精选品n.（大学的）研究班，研讨会a.资格较老的 || n.（中学或大学的）毕业班学生a.明知的，合情理的a.敏感的；易受伤的n.会议；（从事某项活动的）集会（或一段时间）n.环境；设定地位置a.完全的；陡峭的 || ad.陡峭地 || vi.(off)急转向，偏离n.掩蔽处；住所；掩蔽 || vt.掩蔽 || vi.躲避v.移动，转移；改变 || n.转换；（轮或换）班n.不足vi.起皱，收缩；退缩 || vt.使起皱，使收缩n.包围，围困n.观光a.相当数量的；重要的；意味深长的n.简单；朴素a.单数的；非凡的n.略图；梗概；素描 || vt.给…的略图；概述vi.撇（去）；掠过；浏览 || vt.浏览，略读vi.跳，蹦蹦跳跳；跳绳 || vt.跳过，略过，漏过 || n.跳，蹦跳a.苗条的；微薄的a.轻微的；纤细的，瘦弱的 || vt. / n.轻视vi.滑落；溜走；下降 || vt.悄悄放进 || n.疏漏a.单独的；独有的 || n.脚底，鞋底，袜底a.严肃的；庄严的，隆重的n.解决；解答；溶液a.老练的；精密的；高雅的n.源（泉）；来源n.一段时间；跨距 || vt.持续；横跨n.火花 || vi.发出火花 || vt.(off)触发a.特定的；明确的 || n.详情vt.明确说明vi.(about, on)推测；投机 || vt.推测v.（使）溢出，（使）洒落 || n.溢出a.精神（上）的；宗教（上）的vi.分裂，被撕裂 || vt.使分裂；劈开，撕裂；分担 || n.裂口；分裂n.发起者，赞助者 || vt.发起；资助；支持n.刺激（物），激励 || vt.激励n.间谍 || vi.当间谍；(on)暗中监视 || vt.发现；侦探，刺探vt.挤出；压榨；捏 || vi.挤 || n.挤；握（手）；拮据a.稳定的；沉稳的 || n.马厩n.全体职工，全体人员 || vt.为…配备（人员）vt.沾污，染色 || n.污迹n. 标桩；利害关系；赌本|| vt.以…打赌，拿…冒险a.不新鲜的；过时的n.立场vt.使惊吓，使吃惊n.地位；情形a.平稳的；持续的；稳重的 || v.（使）平稳vt.驾驶；引导 || vi.驾驶n.茎，干；词干 || vi.(from)起源于 || vt.堵住，止住a.粘性的；（天气）湿热的；困难a.硬的；不灵活的；拘谨的；艰难的；（风等）强烈的 || ad.极其vt.刺激，激励vi.刺 || vt.刺；刺痛；激怒 || n.（昆虫的）蜇刺；刺（痛）vt.搅拌；激起 || vi.微动；（某种感情）产生 || n.激动，骚动n.备料；股票；世系 || v.储备 || a.常用的n.拉紧；极度紧张；张力 || vt.扭伤；尽力使用；紧张n.海峡；[常pl.]困境，窘境，危难vi.大踏步走 || n.大步；步法，步态；[常pl.]进展，进步n.弦，线，一行 || vt.用线串；（用线）悬挂，系住n.（试验等的）对象 || vt.(to)使服从；使遭受vi.潜入水中 || vt.浸没vi.(to)屈服 || vt呈送；主张a.随后的a.可观的；牢固的；实质的n.代用品 || vt.代替 || vi.(for)代替a.微妙的，难于捉摸的；诡秘的，狡诈的；隐约的n.连续；接替a.接连的v.吸，吮a.合适的vt.概括，总结n.峰顶；最高级会议a.极好的，高质量的a.肤浅的；表面的a.上级的；(to)较好的 || n.上级，长官n.增补（物）；增刊 || vt.增补a.最高的；极度的n.过剩 || a.过剩的，多余的vi.投降；(to)屈服（于） || vt.放弃 || n.投降，放弃n.调查；测量；概括论述 || vt.调查；测量vi.活下来，继续存在 || vt.从…逃出；比…活得长vt.暂停；悬n.怀疑，涉嫌；一点儿vt.保持；供养；支持vi.摇摆 || vt.使摇摆；使改变看法 || n.摇摆a.迅速的；敏捷的v.（使）摇摆；（使）旋转 || n.摆动；秋千v.转变 || n.开关；转变n.符号；象征vi.同情；赞同n.症状；征兆vt.对付；与…交涉；（足球等比赛中）阻截 || n.阻截；用具a.驯服的；沉闷的 || vt.制服n.目标 || vt.瞄准a.乏味的，冗长的n.脾气；韧度 || vt.调和；使回火a.暂时的n.诱惑vi.易于；趋向 || vt.照管n.趋向a.嫩的 || vt.（正式）提出 || vi.(for)投标 || n.投标a.紧张的；拉紧的 || v.（使）拉紧 || n.（动词的）时态a.末端的 || n.（海、陆、空运输路线的）终点（站）vt.使害怕，使惊吓；使人感到恐怖n.恐怖活动；引起恐怖的人（或事）n.主题，题目n.治疗a.沉思的；体贴的vt.威胁；是…的征兆 || vi.构成威胁，可能发生vi.兴旺，繁荣n.潮汐；潮流vt.容许，承认；容忍n.腔调；风格；色调 || vt.(up)增强a.困难的；坚强的；粗暴的vt.查出；追溯；描摹 || n.痕迹；微量n.灾难；悲剧（艺术）n.交易，业务vt.转移；调动，转学 || vi.迁移；调动，转学；转车vt.改革；变换vt.传播；传送a.透明的；明显的n.条约，协定vi.颤抖；摇晃；担心 || n.颤抖；摇晃a.巨大的；精彩的n.趋向；时新款式vt.修剪；削减；装饰 || a.面条的；整齐的 || n.修剪，整修n.胜利；（胜利或成功的）喜悦 || vi.获胜a.令人烦恼的vt.使缠绕；转动；捻 || vi.旋转；曲折前进 || n.弯曲；转折a.极端的；最后的 || n.终极，极限vt.揭露；揭开…的盖子vt.经历vt.在…下面划线；强调vt.解开；取消a.心神不安的vi.展开，打开；显露，展现 || vt.展开，打开a.唯一的；极不寻常的n.团结；和睦a.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的vt.使心烦意乱；打乱 || n.翻倒；（肠胃等）不适 || a.心烦的vt.鼓励；催促 || n.强烈的欲望vt.利用a.未被占用的；（职位、工作等）空缺n.休假 || vi.度假a.含糊的a.徒劳的；自负的a.有根据的；有效的。
公共管理学 英语
英语复习资料一、专业术语1、政务公开Opening Administration to the Public2、行政会议Administrative Meeting3、工商联成员Association of Industry and Commerce4、增加透明度Increasing Transparency5、专款专用distribution and use of special funds6、重点建设项目major capital construction projects7、公务员public servants8、世界贸易组织WTO World Trade Organization9、公告栏government bulletin10、香港特别行政区Hong Kong SAR(Special Administrative Region)11、市政建设municipal construction12、责任制responsibility system13、贫困线the poverty line14、社区residential community15、电子政务E-Government （Electronic- Government）16、弱势群体disadvantaged groups17、法律援助legal assistance18、职能部门competent institutions19、在线事务办理handling affairs online20、开放城市规划open urban planning二、完型填空Over the past two years, Beijing, shanghai, and Tianjin have made public their city construction public plan, a change from their former closed-door working style. The procedures and timetable for t he examination and approval of projects, regulations and laws, and technological indexes in relation to the projects are now also out in the open, much to the great enthusiasm of the citizens. Last October, Beijing held an exhibition on the overall city planning. During holidays and weekends, the 3000-spuare-meter hall received about 1500 people each day. ” we have not expected so many citizens to be so interested in city planning, “ said Qiu Y ue , a member of the Beijing Municipal City Planning Committee.Many visitors filled thick suggestion books with feedback, providing constructive ideas, such as building another world trade center in the north; retaining the lay-out of the narrow alleys and the courtyard homes;and informing citizens of city construction projects on time. The exhibition organizers then sorted the suggestions and delivered them to the decision-making departments. “bringing city planning to the public shows the government＇s determination to promote the opening up of administration affairs, and this is a significant development,” said a visitor.Zhou chang, secretary general of the china architectural society, agreed. “the opening up of the urban planning process can improve things greatly, as major decisions will go through the approval of experts, the suggestions of citizens and the supervision of the media,” said zhou. Shan qixiang , director of the Beijing municipal city planning committee, said the opinions of both experts and the masses will be pooled together before a decision on any important plan for urban construction is reached.三、介词填空Public management reform usually thought of as means to an end，not an end in itself. To be more precise we should perhaps say that it potentially a means to multiple ends. These include making saving (economies)in public expenditure, improving the quality of public services, making the operation of government more efficient and increasing the chances that the policies which are chosen and implemented will be effective.On the way to achieving these important objectives, public management reform may also serve a number of intermediate ends, including those of strengthening the control of politicians over the bureaucracy, freeing public officials from bureaucratic constrains which inhibit their opportunities to manage and enhance the government’s accountability to t he legislature and the citizenry for its policies and programs. Last, but not least. One should mention the symbolic and legitimacy benefits of management reform. For politicians these benefits consist partly of being seen to be doing something. Announcing reforms, criticizing bureaucracy, praising new management techniques, promising improved services for t he future, restructuring ministries and agencies-all these activities help to attract favorable attention to the politicians who espouse them. A cynic might observe that, in these days when the power of individual governments to act independently is increasingly called into questions by a complex interplay of local, national and international constrains, the one thing that ministers usually can do-with the appearance of dynamism but at little immediate cost – is to announce changes in their own machinery of governance. There are also legitimacy benefits for those senior officials who, almost invariably, play important parts in shaping and implementing such initiatives. They may gain in reputation by association with “modernizing” and “streamlining” activities.四、英译汉The public sector＇s main economic functions fit into three broad categories: making policy, delivering services, and providing oversight and accountability. As global competition has increased in the past two decades, the governments of many developing countries have shifted their focus from trying to preserve jobs in a stagnant public sector to creating jobs in a vibrant private sector. Governments are now in the business of designing and implementing good policies and strong institutions that enhance the business and investment climate.Government functions and policies affect many areas of social and economic life: health and education, natural resources and environmental protection, fiscal and monetary stability, and flows of trade. Data related to these topics presented in the respective sections. This section provides data on key public sector activities: tax policy, exchange rates, and defense expenditures.Taxes are the main source of revenue for many governments. They are levied mainly on income, profits, capital gains, goods and services, and exports and imports. (Non-tax revenue is also important in some economies) A comparison of taxation levels across countries provides an overview of the fiscal obligations and incentives facing the private sector. Central government tax revenues (excluding state and local taxes) rang from about 3 percent of GDP in Kuwait and 7 percent in Bangladesh to 35 percent in Austria and 36 percent in Slovenia.The level and progressivity of taxes on personal and corporate income influence incentives to work and invest. Marginal tax rates on individual income range from 0 percent (in countries such as Kuwait, Oman, Paraguay, the united Arab emirates, and Uruguay) to 50 percent or more(in such countries as Austria, Belgium, the democratic republic of Congo, Denmark, the Islamic republic of Iran, and Senegal ). Most marginal tax rates on corporate income are in the 20-30 percent range. 公共部门的主要经济职能适于以下广泛的三大类:制定政策,提供服务,履行监督和问责制. 由于在过去二十年中全球竞争日趋白热化,许多发达国家的政府已将工作重点由在停滞不前的公共部门维持工作而转向在富有活力的私营部门提供就业岗位.当今世界,各国政府正致力于制定完善良好的政策和发展强有力的机构,以促进商业发展,创建温和的投资环境.政府职能和其政策影响着社会和经济生活的诸多领域:如教育,健康,自然资源和环境保护,财政和货币稳定,贸易流动等等.本文在相关章节分别提出了以上话题的数据.本节主要提供重要公共部门的活动数据：包括税收政策，汇率和国防支出等.税金是许多国家政府收入的主要来源。
公共管理专业英语词汇
《公共管理专业英语》教学大纲李环编写公共事业管理专业课程教学大纲1824 目录前言 (1825)第一章State Formation and Social Policy in the United States (1826)本章生词 (1826)本章专业词汇 (1827)本章阅读需回答的问题 (1828)参考书目 (1828)第二章America’s First Social Security System: the Expansion of Benefits for Civil War Veteran (1829)本章所要掌握英语词汇 (1829)本章所要掌握专业词汇 (1830)本章阅读所要回答的问题 (1830)本章参考数目 (1831)第三章“Brother Can You Spare a Job?” Work and Welfare in the United States (1832)本章所需掌握词汇 (1832)本章所需掌握专业词汇 (1833)本章阅读所需回答问题 (1834)本章参考数目 (1835)第四章 Targeting within Universalism: Politically viable policies to combat poverty in the United States (1836)本章词汇 (1836)本章专业词汇 (1837)本章需要回答的问题 (1838)本章参考书目 (1838)第五章Gender and the Origins of Modern Social Policies in Britain and the United States (1839)Questions to answer (1840)本章参考书目 (1841)公共管理专业英语前言课程性质：本课程是针对具有一定的公共管理专业知识，同时具备一定的英语水平（四级以上）的学生而开设的。
公共管理学专业英语词汇整理
公共管理学专业英语词汇整理XXXn/objective。
internal environment。
external environment。
group objective。
planning。
organizing。
staffing。
leading。
controlling。
process。
principle。
technique。
manager。
general manager。
administrator。
supervisor。
enterprise。
business。
industry。
company。
effectiveness。
efficiency。
entrepreneur。
power。
authority。
responsibility。
scientific management。
modern nal management。
r science。
productivity。
motivate。
motive。
law。
n。
economic system。
managerial n。
product。
service。
profit。
n。
n。
esteem。
n。
human input。
surplus。
e。
cost。
capital goods。
machinery。
equipment。
building。
inventory。
empirical approach。
interpersonal r approach。
group r approach。
cooperative social systems approach。
social-technical systems approach。
n theory approach。
mathematical approach。
systems approach.In the field of public n。
XXX that one should be familiar with。
One of the most XXX。
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公共管理学专业英语词汇整理公共管理学专业英语词汇目标mission/ objective 内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标group objective 计划planning 组织organizing人事staffing 领导leading 控制controlling步骤process 原理principle 方法technique经理manager 总经理general manager 行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise 商业business产业industry 公司company 效果effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate 动机motive法律law 法规regulation 经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function 产品product 服务service利润profit 满意satisfaction 归属affiliation尊敬esteem 自我实现self-actualization 人力投入human input盈余surplus 收入income 成本cost 资本货物capital goods机器machinery 设备equipment 建筑building 存货inventory经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学psychology 态度attitude 压力pressure 冲突conflict招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal 选拔select 培训train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩performance 考绩制度merit system 表现behavior 下级subordinate 偏差deviation检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑fear 忿恨resentment 士气morale 解雇layoff批发wholesale 零售retail 程序procedure 规则rule规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买acquisition 增长目标growth goal 专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手rival 晋升promotion 管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics 有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account 批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave 休假vacation 工时labor-hour 机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay 现金流量cash flow 工资率wage rate 税收率tax rate 股息dividend现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet 可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner 最终结果end result 业绩performance 个人利益personal interest 福利welfare 市场占有率market share 创新innovation 生产率productivity 利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility 董事会board of director 组织规模size of the organization 组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool 激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth 优势strength 弱点weakness 机会opportunity 威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor 定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority 工资表payroll 策略strategy 政策policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification 评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负aspiration 偏见prejudice 审查review 批准approval 主要决定major decision 分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix 明星star 问号question mark 现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购procurement 人口因素demographic factor 地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture 破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics 追随followership个性individuality 性格personality 安全safety 自主权latitude 悲观的pessimistic静止的static 乐观的optimistic 动态的dynamic 灵活的flexible 抵制resistance 敌对antagonism 折中eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance 保健hygiene 激励因素motivator 概率probability 强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback 奖金bonus 股票期权stock option 劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励reward 特许经营franchise 热诚zeal 信心confidence 鼓舞inspire 要素ingredient忠诚loyalty 奉献devotion 作风style 品质trait适应性adaptability 进取性aggressiveness 热情enthusiasm毅力persistence 人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence 专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid 工作效率work efficiency 服从obedience 领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research，development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯（电信）员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nna?ve relativism 朴素相对主义need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。