9语言学

Our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speakers’ unique ways of understanding the world.
Chapter 9 Language and culture
Language is an essential and important part of a given culture and that the impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensable. Studying the relationship of language and culture in a social situation could provide learners a different perspective to the study of language.
According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, there is no real translation.



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Netspeak 网络语言





顶(支持) 555(呜呜呜) ding(顶) mm/MM(妹妹) LZ(楼主) DD/dd(弟弟) 88(拜拜) 偶(我) 马甲(ID) ID





斑竹(版主) 恩(嗯) 汗或寒(敬畏) 晕(非常惊异) ps/PS(photoshop的简称) 灌水(发帖子) ddd(顶顶顶) bs/BS(鄙视) 楼猪(楼主) 滴(的、地)

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2006年中国主流报纸十大流行语

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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis


Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf, proclaimed that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and behave, i.e. different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity. Sapir and Whorf believe that language filters people’s perception and the way they categorize experiences. This interdependence of language and thought is now known as Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

2005年中国主流报纸十大流行语

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2004年中国主流报纸十大流行语

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Summary


The knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people’s culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in L. On the one hand, language as an integral part of human being, permeates in his thinking and way of viewing the world, language both expresses and embodies cultural reality; on the other, language, as a product of culture, helps perpetuate the culture, and the changes in language uses reflect the cultural changes in return.
2007年中国主流报纸十大流行语

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More evidence can be gathered to substantiate this claim if we have a brief survey of what has happened in the field of linguistics over the past century.
What is culture?



Culture, lexically, is cultivation of the soil, production, development, or improvement of a particular plant , animal, commodity. It is the ideas, customs, skills, arts, etc of a given people in a given period; civilization. In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. In a narrow sense, culture may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc.
The relationship between language and culture



The same word may stir up different associations in people under different cultural background, e.g. the word “dog”. Language expresses cultural reality, reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, world outlooks, etc. The culture both emancipates and constrains people socially, historically and metaphorically. Culture also affects its people’s imagination or common dreams which are mediated through the language and reflected in their life. Generally, the relation of L to C is that of part to whole, for L is part of C.


Linguistic determinism: L may determine our thinking patterns. Linguistic relativity: different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around. (Similarity between languages is relative. For two different speech communities, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be.)
Two types of culture: material and spiritual. The material culture suggests the concrete, substantial and observable, while most of spiritual culture are the products of mind (ideologies, beliefs, values and concepts of time and space) is abstract, ambiguous, and hidden. Eugene Nida, a well-known linguist and a translation theorist, believes there are five types of subculture: ecological culture, linguistic culture, religious culture, material culture and social culture.



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