高中英语语法讲义——名词性从句(主从、表从、宾从,同从)

高中英语语法讲义 -- 名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从，同从）

1， 陈述句做名从用连词 that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整，不做成分。 主从可用 it 做形式主语， 宾从第 个 that 可省略。 You study hard. 主从： That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard.

表从： My opinion is that you study hard .

宾从： I think （that ） you study hard. ⋯ and tha 不t （能省略 ） ⋯.

同从： M y opinion that you study hard is known to us. * 比较同从和主从！ 般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定语从句。

I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （ that 后完整 — 同从）

I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time. （ that 后不完整 --- 定从）

2， 一般问句做名从用连词 whether （是否） + SV ，whether 表主句不肯定从句完整， 宾从中可用 if （介词后或宾

3, 特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词） + SV, 疑问词做主语时直接 接不完整从句，连接副词（ when/where/why/how ）接完整从句。

Where did you go just now ?

从后有 or not 时只用 whether ）。

Does your friend like English ? 主从： Whether your friend likes English isn ' t clear .=It isn ' t clear whether your friend likes English.

表从： My question is whether your friend likes English.

宾从： I don ' t know whether/ if your friend likes English.

同从： My question whether your friend likes English isn ' t clear.

+谓语。连接代词（ what/which/who/whose ）⋯ 主从： Where you went just now isn 't clear.= It isn 't clear where you went just now.

表从： My question is where you went just now.

宾从： I wonder where you went just now.

同从： My question where you went j ust now isn ' t clear.

当主句为现在时态从句时态不受影响， 当主句为过去时态从句就应该变成过去的某种时态， 但客观真 理总用一般现在时，有固定过去时间总用过去时。

高频考点 1， 当主从句都缺成分时指物用 what/whatever/whichever （ 有范围 ）, 指人用 whoever / whomever （ 做宾语 ）.

The buildings have been built in _what_ was farmland. _What_ you need is courage.

The prize will be awarded to _whoever_ has won the game. You can choose _what/whatever/whomever_ you like. Of all, you can choose _whichever_ you like .

2, No matter+ 疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句（主从句逗号分开） ， 疑问词 +ever 既可引导让步状从， 又可引导名从（从句在主句中做成分） 。

No matter who / whoever- has broken the law , he

ll be punished . _Whoever_ has broken the law will be punished.

3, 抽象名词( fact, news/word, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, problem, possibility/chance ,rumor, concept ⋯)后常用that 引导同从。

News /word came that you had passed the exam.

There is no possibility/ chance that he ' ll come.

解题方法：1，看主句表肯定还是不肯定，主句肯定从句完整根据句意从that 和连接副词中选择；从句不完整根据句意看所缺成分从连接代词中选择。2，不肯定时从句完整根据句意从whether 和连接副词中选择；不完整时根据句意看所缺成分从连接代词中选择。

练习1

1. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ___ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or

branches hidden in the water.

2. I truly believe ____ beauty comes from within.

3. __ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

4. __ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the publi c, but some won ' t accept it.

5. We must find out _____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

6. A ship in harbor is safe, but that ' s not ________________ ships are built for.

7. I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

--- By working out every day.

8. You have to know ____ you ' re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for ___ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

10. The exhibition tells us ____ we should do something to stop air pollution.

11. “ Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. ” This is ________________ my mother used to tell me.

12. I think ___ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.

13. It is difficult for us to imagine ___ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

14. - Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

--- Yeah, but I have no idea ____ he did it; that 's one of his favorite universities.

15. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ____ you ' re afraid to do.

16. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.

17. - What a mess! You are always so lazy!

--- I 'm not to blame, Mum. I am ______ you have made me.

18. As John Lennon once said, life is _____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

19. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ That ' s ___ I was born. ”

20. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ____ y ou are better than anyone else on the

sports field.

21. Experts believe ____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

22. ___ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

23. ___ struck me most in the movie was the father ' s deep love for his son.