高中英语语法讲义——名词性从句(主从、表从、宾从,同从)

高中英语语法讲义 -- 名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从，同从）1， 陈述句做名从用连词 that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整，不做成分。

主从可用 it 做形式主语， 宾从第 个 that 可省略。

You study hard. 主从： That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard.表从： My opinion is that you study hard .宾从： I think （that ） you study hard. ⋯ and tha 不t （能省略 ） ⋯.同从： M y opinion that you study hard is known to us. * 比较同从和主从！ 般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定语从句。

I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （ that 后完整 — 同从）I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time. （ that 后不完整 --- 定从）2， 一般问句做名从用连词 whether （是否） + SV ，whether 表主句不肯定从句完整， 宾从中可用 if （介词后或宾3, 特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词） + SV, 疑问词做主语时直接 接不完整从句，连接副词（ when/where/why/how ）接完整从句。

Where did you go just now ?从后有 or not 时只用 whether ）。

Does your friend like English ? 主从： Whether your friend likes English isn ' t clear .=It isn ' t clear whether your friend likes English.表从： My question is whether your friend likes English.宾从： I don ' t know whether/ if your friend likes English.同从： My question whether your friend likes English isn ' t clear.+谓语。

连接代词（ what/which/who/whose ）⋯ 主从： Where you went just now isn 't clear.= It isn 't clear where you went just now.表从： My question is where you went just now.宾从： I wonder where you went just now.同从： My question where you went j ust now isn ' t clear.当主句为现在时态从句时态不受影响， 当主句为过去时态从句就应该变成过去的某种时态， 但客观真 理总用一般现在时，有固定过去时间总用过去时。

高频考点 1， 当主从句都缺成分时指物用 what/whatever/whichever （ 有范围 ）, 指人用 whoever / whomever （ 做宾语 ）.The buildings have been built in _what_ was farmland. _What_ you need is courage.The prize will be awarded to _whoever_ has won the game. You can choose _what/whatever/whomever_ you like. Of all, you can choose _whichever_ you like .2, No matter+ 疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句（主从句逗号分开） ， 疑问词 +ever 既可引导让步状从， 又可引导名从（从句在主句中做成分） 。

No matter who / whoever- has broken the law , hell be punished . _Whoever_ has broken the law will be punished.3, 抽象名词( fact, news/word, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, problem, possibility/chance ,rumor, concept ⋯)后常用that 引导同从。

News /word came that you had passed the exam.There is no possibility/ chance that he ' ll come.解题方法：1，看主句表肯定还是不肯定，主句肯定从句完整根据句意从that 和连接副词中选择；从句不完整根据句意看所缺成分从连接代词中选择。

2，不肯定时从句完整根据句意从whether 和连接副词中选择；不完整时根据句意看所缺成分从连接代词中选择。

练习11. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ___ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks orbranches hidden in the water.2. I truly believe ____ beauty comes from within.3. __ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.4. __ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the publi c, but some won ' t accept it.5. We must find out _____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.6. A ship in harbor is safe, but that ' s not ________________ ships are built for.7. I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.--- By working out every day.8. You have to know ____ you ' re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for ___ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.10. The exhibition tells us ____ we should do something to stop air pollution.11. “ Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. ” This is ________________ my mother used to tell me.12. I think ___ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.13. It is difficult for us to imagine ___ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.14. - Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?--- Yeah, but I have no idea ____ he did it; that 's one of his favorite universities.15. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ____ you ' re afraid to do.16. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.17. - What a mess! You are always so lazy!--- I 'm not to blame, Mum. I am ______ you have made me.18. As John Lennon once said, life is _____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.19. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ That ' s ___ I was born. ”20. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ____ y ou are better than anyone else on thesports field.21. Experts believe ____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.22. ___ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.23. ___ struck me most in the movie was the father ' s deep love for his son.24. ___ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.25. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ____ close you may be to victory.26. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.27. ___ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.28. It remains to be seen ___ the newly formed committee ' s policy can be out into practice.29. ___ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.30. It is by no means clear ____ the president can do to end the strike.练习21. The Beatles were in many ways pioneers for ____ was to come, like holding concerts in sports stadiums.2. Blind people have their own ways to tell the shape of an object and ___ it is day or night.3. Do you enjoy the latest movies?--- Y eah, I will go for ____ is on.4. When you are reading, make a note of ____ you think is of great importance.5. His writing is so confusing that it ' s difficult to make out _________________ it is that he is trying to express.6. If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to ____ the head is and cut it off.7. The Peony Pavilion, a play written by Tang Xianzu, is ___ many people regard as the most romantic story inChinese literature.8. There is no doubt ____ the famous professor will come to give us a lecture.9. How grateful I am to my grandfather for his advice ____ whatever trouble I come across, being calm is a must.10. A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might buy some flowers for my friend th birthd'ay.s mother11. That company wants to reduce prices to increase its market share, and this is ____ we differ from it.12. Dozens of people were waiting with a camera for ____ seemed like hours, hoping to catch a glimpse of the USFirst Lady, Michelle Obama.13. We have learned from the story that ____ is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but ____ we havein our lives.14. ___ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting.15. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.16. With many cities in China dreadfully blanketed by thick haze, the environment problem is ____ Chinese peopleconcern most nowadays.17. What is concerning us greatly is ____ the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free.18. Steve Job ' s success in digital field proved _____ it took to be a best CE. O19. The problem is ___ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.20. - It 's my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have?--- ____ you choose is fine with me.21. The practical suggestion came from the representatives ___ the new rule be adopted.练习3It was reported __1__ there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning. No one saw __2__ onearth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. __3__ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about __4__ the driver was guilty. __5__ the police should do now is __6__ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because __7__ the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was __8__ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn admit the fact __9__ he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted __10__ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.参考答案练习11. what 句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要查明水下的状况。