2018年12月四级真题(一)解析

Part I Writing(30 minutes)

The Challenges of Living in a Big City

【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being , I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it【5】so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness.

【7】As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you

话题词汇: unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会

fast pace快节奏

pressure压力

lifestyle生活方式

environment环境

urban城市的

health健康

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

【词性分析】:

名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles交通工具,车辆动词:B) associated与…相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对……有不良影响G) described描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把…系起来;M) sources来自……;找出…的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱

形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的

副词:C) consciously有意识地,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26-damage occurring in the developing world.

The figures include a number of costs 27-associated with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.

1.die v. 死亡，熄灭; 凋零n.骰子

2.trillion[trljn]n. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的

3.welfare [welfe(r)] n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁

4.alone [ln] adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只，只有;

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remaine d 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.

5.source [srs] n. 根源，本源; 源头，水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源

6.remain [rmen]n.剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留

7.constant [knstnt] adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物

The weather is a constant topic of conversation in Britain. 在英国，天气是交谈中永恒的话题。

8.despite [dspat] prep. 不管; 尽管（自己）不愿意; 不在乎; n. 侮辱; 憎恨; 怨恨; 轻蔑的拒绝或不承认例句：Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation（健康指标与评估研究所所长）Chris Murray 30-described it as an“urgent call to action”action. One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individual s have little 31-control ,”he said.

9.institute [nsttju:t] vt. 建立; 制定; 开始; 着手n. 协会; 学会; 学院; （教育、专业等）机构

例句：He thought of trying for a position in a research institute. 他想方设法在一个研究机关找个工作.

10.metric[metrk] adj. 米制的，公制的health metrics 健康指标

11.evaluate [vljuet]v. 评价，估价

12.urgent[:dnt] adj. 急迫的; 催促的; 强求的; 极力主张的

例句：There is an urgent need for food and water

13.premature[premt(r)] adj. 过早的; 提前的; 早产的; 草率的

A fire caused the premature closing of the exhibition. 火灾迫使展览会提前结束.

abortion

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32-equals nearly, 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they 33-regularly expensive dangerous levers of outdoor air pollution.

bor['leb(r)]n.劳动;劳工;v. 努力争取(for); 苦干adj. 劳工的，工会的

But the problem is not limited 34-exlcusively to the the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the . as