任务型阅读试题及答案百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．任务型阅读

I stood at the edge of the cliff. The wind stung my eyes, cutting into my skin. Dark-feathered birds circled the air, swooping (俯冲) low over the ocean every now and then to catch their dinner. Hundreds of feet below, the deep ocean beat against the rough sandy shore. I took a deep breath, filling my lungs with excitement — and at the same time, fear.

Behind me, I heard the rest of the crew start to mutter. I was here for the shooting of a movie as I was one of the lead actors in the film Dangerous Things, and this scene was right in the middle of the climax (故事的高潮). It was vital that this went right.

The director had talked to me about getting a stunt double (替身演员), but I'd persuaded him that I could handle the dive. I'd taken a diving course a few years ago, and I'd been taking swimming lessons since I was five years old. I had been pretty confident that I could do this — up till now.

Someone called out, “Ceria, you don't have to do this! Are you sure you want to dive?” It was one of the producers, Callie Evans. I knew I couldn't turn back now. I couldn't bear to see the disappointed look on the director's face when he was told that I couldn't do it.

At that moment, all my fears and worries broke free. The expectation of adventure and victory seemed to move all the hesitation. I swooped downwards. The air on either side of me cut into my extended arms. I knew that this wonderful feeling of flight would only last a few seconds, yet time seemed to slow down so I could hear the thrilled whoops of my crew and a round of applause that seemed to echo in my pounding ears.

（1）At the beginning, how did the author feel about what she was going to do?(No more than 3 words)

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean in English?(No more than 15 words)

（3）Why was the author that confident in diving? (No more than 10 words)

（4）What was the crew's reaction while the author was diving down? (No more than 10 words) （5）How do you like the author? Please explain why. (No more than 25 words)

【答案】（1）She felt excited and frightened / fearful.

（2）It was important that the scene was properly shot.

Or: (Because it was the climax of the movie), the dive must perform successfully / well.

（3）Because she had taken diving and swimming courses.

（4）The crew cheered loudly for her.

（5）I think the author was brave and confident, because she could overcome the fear to challenge herself and enjoy success.

Or: I think she was brave because she didn't chicken out when facing challenges.

【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己拍摄电影的故事。

（1）根据第一段中的I took a deep breath, filling my lungs with excitement — and at the same

time, fear.（我深深地吸了一口气，肺里充满了兴奋——同时也充满了恐惧）可知，一开始，作者对她将要做的事情感觉既兴奋又害怕。考虑字数限制，故答She felt excited and frightened / fearful。

（2）根据第二段中的I was here for the shooting of a movie as I was one of the lead actors in the film Dangerous Things, and this scene was right in the middle of the climax.（我在这里拍摄一部电影，因为我是电影《危险的事情》的主角之一，而这个场景正好处于高潮的中间）可知，因为这个场景正好处于高潮的中间，因此拍好这个场景是至关重要。考虑字数限制，故答It was important that the scene was properly shot. Or: (Because it was the climax of the movie), the dive must perform successfully / well。

（3）根据第三段中的I'd taken a diving course a few years ago, and I'd been taking swimming lessons since I was five years old.（几年前我上过潜水课，从五岁起我就一直在上游泳课）可知，作者对潜水很有信心是因为她学过潜水和游泳课程。考虑字数限制，故答Because she had taken diving and swimming courses。

（4）根据最后一段中的I could hear the thrilled whoops of my crew and a round of applause （我能听到团队成员们激动的呼喊和掌声）可知，当作者潜水时，团队成员们激动的呼喊和鼓掌。考虑字数限制，故答The crew cheered loudly for her。

（5）本题是开放性题目。首先要表明立场，然后解释原因。通读原文可知，作者是勇敢和自信的，因为她面对挑战时她没有退缩，克服恐惧，挑战自己，享受成功。考虑字数限制，故答I think the author was brave and confident, because she could overcome the fear to challenge herself and enjoy success. Or: I think she was brave because she didn't chicken out when facing challenges.

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

2．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

Fighting the curse of presenteeism

"It's true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?" Beyond a certain level, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 10 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.

But that doesn't stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently applauded the "996" model, where employees work from 9am to 9pm, six days a week, as a huge blessing". However, to modem office workers presenteeism is a curse.

There will be days when you do not have much to do, just waiting for someone else to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more important, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.

If bosses do not like to go home before their underlings (下属)and underlings fear leaving

before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees5 performance, use time in the office as a measurement.

But presenteeism has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six time: higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. To take one example, research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more discouraging than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?

"None of this is to say that employers are not entitled to expect workers to be in the office for a small amount of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short)meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs.

With portable smart phones and laptops, we can work at home as easily as in the office. Turning an office into a prison does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automatic. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.

paid/covered/afforded；tendency；use/help；Benefits；face-to-face；understand

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老板如何应对工人工作中的不满。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据文章内容结合表格，先给出现象，讨论这种现象的原因、后

果。因此答案Phenomenon。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Staff may feel ……not get a raise，or a promotion……efforts"得出答案是give sb. an edge/advantage“给某人优势”。故填edge/advantage。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Managers, who are often no good at judging employees5 performance, use time in the office as a measurement.”，老板不擅长评判员工的表现，就会把时长作为考核手段得知答案是考核，故填evaluated /measured/judged。（4）考查原词复现。根据第五段中的“ As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. ”和第三段中的“So you make an effort to look busy.”，可知答案是productivity。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. ”，可得知雇主还需多支付员工的医疗费用，因而表格中更多的医疗费用要雇主为员工负担。注意被动语态的使用，故填 paid/covered/afforded。（6）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. ”可以得知员工工作时长过长，不仅身体上出现健康问题，心里上也遭受巨大压力，have a tendency to固定短语，“有……倾向，有……趋势”，故填 tendency。

（7）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"……does nothing for the creativity……"可知答案是be of no use固定短语“毫无帮助”，所以填use/help。

（8）考查推理判断。根据表格给出的内容可知都是face-to-face contact的好处，因而由文章内容概括为benefits，注意表格中第一栏首字母大写，故填 Benefits。

（9）考查细节理解。很据第六段中的“Dealing with colleagues face--to--face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs.”，可知在阐述face--to-face 的工作方式，因而答案为face -to- face，面对面的思想沟通、意见交流。

（10）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Dealing with colleagues face-to-face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs"可知答案是更好的明白。故填understand。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳，细节理解，推理判断和原词复现四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，写出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

At the age of forty-five, my usually well-ordered life became full of changes. After twenty-two years of working in a bank, a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, I was one of them.

My once secure future became uncertain. However, I was not a single parent, so the family did not depend only on my income and my husband can support the family. My motto has always been, "Change is good; change is progress", but when it affected my livelihood, I had to change it. "Accept change and make the most of it." From the beginning, I chose to look at this matter not

as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different.

Having a positive attitude made all the difference in the way I pursued the future. First, I decided to return to college and graduate many years later than I should have. Doing this at my age took more than a little courage. Not being a graduate had never held me back in my career in the bank, but now it's a personal goal I longed to achieve. With a lot of determination, I went to evening classes and became an adult student. In the class, I became more and more confident. During this time, I realized that no matter what life throws in our way, nothing can hinder our personal growth.

The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life. It used to be filled with endless, and sometimes meaningless events. But now, my heart and life are completely around people I care for.

The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life. Revisiting the past made room for the future. I realize that I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it.

（1）What made the author lose her job? (no more than 10 words)

（2）What did the author do after the unemployment? (no more than 15 words)

（3）How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 3 words) （4）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities? (no more than 5 words) （5）What's your attitude towards the "changes" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）The bank's plan to use less staff. Or: Less staff in the bank.

（2）Return to college and reevaluate her past life.Or: Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid

（4）She is optimistic and determined. Or: She is active and adaptable.

（5）I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life. Or: I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，生活中充满了变数,作者用自己的经历告诉我们要接受并善于利用这些改变。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, was one of them."可知,银行的裁员计划让作者失业了,故填The bank's plan to use less staff. /Less staff in the bank.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"First, I decided to return to college"及第四段中的"The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life."可知,失业后,作者回到大学并重新评估自己过去的生活,故填Return to college and reevaluate her past life。/Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）考查句义猜测。根据画线词后的"our personal growth"可知,无论生活给我们带来了什么（变化）,没有什么能阻碍我们的个人成长,由此可知画线词词义为"阻碍",故填stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid。

（4）考查概括归纳。根据第二段中的"I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a

welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different."可知,作者把失业看作一个好机会而不是坏运气,拒绝难过,积极地去做一些新的、不同的事情,下文又说作者回到大学并重新评估过去的生活,由此可见,作者积极、乐观、有决心并且适应能力强,故填She is optimistic and determined./She is active and adaptable.

（5）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life."及"I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it."可知,我会接受生活中的变化并积极地生活,故填I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life./I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，概括归纳和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。

4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Is Cash Becoming Outdated?

When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn't get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café. Mr. Dahir boasts, "Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills."

Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide revenue for banks, credit card companies and payment processors, and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. "I don't even carry money any more," says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. "I haven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker (小贩) on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash."

The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN, and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. The printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.

However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off. Do they choose to barter (物物交换) and rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency. "Ironically, the day after the largest bank in Norway, DNB, proposed ending all cash dealings, I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone, I was told that I needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken." said an interviewee.

Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.

convenient/easy；failure/cut；privacy；use/effect/adoption；disappear/vanish

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，分析了电子支付的优点与缺点，最后得出结论，现金不可能被完全取代，除非隐私、安全和便利得到平衡和解决。

（1）考查信息提升。根据第一段中的”With the same quick pushes on hi s phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café. Mr. Dahir boasts, ’Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills.‘”同样快速地按一下手机，他几乎支付了所有他需要的东西:超市里的杂货，市场摊位上的几个橘子，或者咖啡馆里的一杯甜奶茶。Dahir先生自豪地说，“即使躺在床上，你也能付账单。”可知Barkhad Dahir声称，当他支付燃料和必需品时，他可以很容易地进入自己的银行。get access to固定短语“进入；使用”。故填access。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据表格右栏的内容可知是在叙述电子支付的优点，故填Advantages/Benefits。

（3）考查信息提升。根据第二段中的“says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. ’I h aven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash.‘”民主活动人士Adan Abokor说。“我很长时间没看到现金了。几乎每一个商人，甚至街头小贩，都接受手机支付。不用等，也不用数钱。”可知点至支付可以省去顾客排队或数现金的麻烦。故填save/free/spare。

（4）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的”The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN, and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.“该系统极其简单和安全。购物是通过拨打一个三位数的号码，输入一个四位数的个人识别码，然后输入零售商的付款号码和金额。客户和商家都会收到确认付款的短信。可知电子支付非常安全，因为客户和商家都会收到确认付款的短信。故填safe/secure。

（5）考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的”The printing and handling of money is expensive.“印刷和处理货币是昂贵的。可知电子支付减少印刷和处理金钱的费用。故填cost/expense。（6）考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的”Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens.“许多政府赞成减少现金交易，以便更好地监测和了解其公民的活动。可知电子支付使政府很容易跟踪公民的现金活动。故填easy/convenient。

（7）考查信息理解，根据第五段中的”However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off.“然而，一些人怀疑无现金社会的成员在断电时会做些什么。可知有些人担心停电时的有效支付。故填failure/cut。

（8）考查信息归纳。根据最后一段中的”Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology.“其他人则担心电子支付可能会带来安全和欺诈风险，使交易能够被跟踪和报告。隐私、安全和便利性都是采用电子支付技术的重要因素。可知另一些人则表现出对自己隐私的担忧，因为他们的金钱交易可以被监控并公之于众。故填privacy。

（9）考查信息提升。根据最后一段中的”Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment tec hnology.“其他人则担心电子支付可能会带来安全和欺诈风险，使交易能够被跟踪和报告。隐私、安全和便利性都是采用电子支付技术的重要因素。）可知当使用电子支付时，可能会出现安全和欺诈风险。故填use/effect/adoption。

（10）考查信息理解。根据最后一段中的”New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.“平衡和解决这些因素的新技术可能使人们能够取消现金。可知除非隐私、安全和便利得到平衡和解决，否则现金不太可能消失。故填disappear/vanish。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息理解，信息提升和信息归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料内容，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

5．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Bigger Sleep

School starting times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut. According to a survey by the National Centre for Education

Statistics in 2017-18, only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut---do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.

On October 13th Gavin Newsom, California's governor, signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.

There is plenty of reason to think they will. Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day. A research review by scientists at the Centres for Disease Control finds that later school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less falling asleep in class, and better grades. The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy by more than $80bn within a decade.

In response to the evidence, school districts across the country have begun to move starting times back, but California is the first state to take the leap. Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed. The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours, as well as the burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later. Last year Mr Newsom's predecessor, Jerry Brown, vetoed similar legislation, saying the decision should be left to school districts. Supporters argue that it is appropriate for the state to set a minimum health-and-welfare standard, as it does in other areas. It will be up to school districts to decide whether to end the day later, or cut its length. Anthony Portantino, the democratic state senator who introduced the legislation, believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents in rural areas. "There really is no significant reason not to do this," he says, "other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults."

estimated；opponents；finance；fail；exist

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。关于美国学校早上上学时间推后，有些人支持也有些人反对，双方分别提出了各自支持和反对的理由。

（1）考查形容词。根据第一段中的“School starti ng times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut.” 可知，在美国上学时间从早上7:48到早上8:31不等，美国学校有不同的上学时间，故填various/different/diverse。

（2）考查动词。根据第一段中的“only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut 一do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.”可知，只有两个州，阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校在早上8:30之后上学，这是很多医疗机构建议的最早上学时间，只有阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校遵守了建议的上学时间，故填obey/follow/observe。

（3）考查形容词。根据第二段中的“signed legislation setting a limit on star ting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.”可知，立法规定中学生八点半上学，希望他们早上能多睡一会，可推断中生上学时间不应早于8:30，故填earlier。

（4）考查形容词。根据第三段中的“Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day.”可知，青少年早上需要更多的睡眠，这将使他们一整天都精力充沛，energetic是形容词精力旺盛的，故填energetic。

（5）考查名词。根据第三段中的“https://www.360docs.net/doc/6817840371.html,ter school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less falling asleep in class, and better grades.”可知，早上晚些去上学与缺勤率下降、课堂睡眠减少和成绩提高有关，故填absence。

（6）考查语态。根据第三段中的“The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy...”可知，The Rand Corporation预测，如果在全国范围八点半上学，可以给经济带来增长，填空的句子用的是表语从句“It+be+过去分词+that 从句”，所以用estimate的过去分词形式，故填estimated。

（7）考查名词。根据第四段中的“Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed.”和第三句“The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours,”可知，父母和工会经常强烈反对，加州教师协会抵制这种变化，理由是学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，这也呼应了第8空的句意“Schools may bear the burden of ___8___when they adjust to the new hours.” 学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着负担，这是反对者观点，故填opponents。

（8）考查名词。根据第四段中的“citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours”可知，学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，finance是financial 的名词在填空句中做宾语，故填finance。

（9）考查动词。根据第四段中的“...burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service

industry, and cannot start work later.”可知，推迟早上上学时间对于从事劳动服务行业和不能推迟早上上班时间的家长是一个负担，会导致这些家长不能准时上班，fail to do sth.意为没能做成某事，故填fail。

（10）考查动词。根据倒数第一段最后一行“There really is no significant reason not to do this...other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults”可知, 除了来自成年人对变革压倒性的抵制，真的没有什么重要的理由不这样做，也就是说，尽管在成年人中确实存在着压倒性的抵制，但做出改变是合理的，故填exist。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，名词，动词，语态等知识点的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

6．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Daily overuse of media and technology has a bad effect on the health of all children and teenagers by making them more open to anxiety, and more at risk of future health problems.________ Many newer apps automatically show where the users are when they're used. This can tell anyone out there exactly where to find the person using the app.

________They are also upset about their kids spending time on Facebook accounts instead of getting down to their homework assignments, and are afraid of what can come out of their online connections.

________ One way is to make a “social media agreement” with your kids—a real contract they can sign. In it, they can agree to protect their own privacy, consider their reputation, and not give out personal information.________

In turn, parents agree to respect teens' privacy while making an effort to be part of the social media world. Parents also can help kids spend less time on the computer by putting limits on media use.________Avoid laptops and smartphones in bedrooms, and set some rules on the use of technology. And don't forget that setting a good example through your own virtual behavior can go a long way toward helping your kids use social media safely.

A. Trust their children more.

B. Keep computers in public areas in the house.

C. It's important to be aware of what your kids are doing online.

D. Besides, they promise never to use technology to hurt anyone else.

E. Spending too much time on social media can make kids feel upset, too.

F. Kids also can face the possibility of meeting the wrong person lace to face.

G. Parents often say that kids would rather be online than hang around with them.

【答案】 F；G；C；D；B

【解析】【分析】文章介绍了每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，父母的担心和解决办法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，使他们更容易焦虑，更容易出现健康问题。F项：孩子

们也会面临着遇到错误的人的可能性，与上文并列，也是对青少年的另一方面的危害，故答案选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母们担心孩子在网络上花时间太多而不认真写作业，G项：家长们常说孩子们宁愿上网而不愿和他们在一起，符合本段内容，都是说明家长对这种现象的看法，故答案选G。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲这种现象和家长们的担心，本段讲解决问题的办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，C项：知道你的孩子在网上做什么很重要，承上启下，指出了问题的严重性和解决办法，故答案选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。与本段One way呼应，办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，此外就是他们承诺永远不会用技术伤害别人。D项表达了此意，故答案选D。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母帮助孩子减少上网时间的具体措施，B项：把电脑放在家里的公共区域，是措施之一，故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读设空在句首时，存在以下两种情况：

1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。

7．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a temptation that's hard to resist. This double whammy (双重灾难) is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation (剥夺).

Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students' progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems.

It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no longer the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.

New technology habits aren't helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens at night. The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's time to sleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain it's still daytime, delaying the body's cues to sleep even further.

Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms.

In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many other health organizations.

Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.

Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.

limits /restrictions；free；delay /postpone；benefit /profit

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了大多数学生都存在睡眠不足的现象，并分析了睡眠不足所产生的后果、原因、以及解决措施。

（1）考查信息提取能力。根据第一段中的"In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early"以及第二段"Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group"可知，在早晨，许多人被迫提前上学。九年级至十二年级的学生中，有四分之三的人睡眠不足的时间达不到美国医学研究院建议的八小时的睡眠时间。所以通过"many ,Three out of every four students"可知，大多数学生睡眠不足。故填majority。

（2）考查信息提取能力。根据第二段中的"In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced

attention"可知，在大多数情况下，睡眠不足会导致注意力下降。所以通过"reduced attention"可知，由于缺乏睡眠，学生们不能集中精力学习。故填focus /concentrate。（3）考查信息提取能力。根据第二段中的"More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems."可知，更令人担忧的是，睡眠不足可能导致身体和情感问题。所以通过"may"可知，学生缺乏睡眠，学生很可能遭受身体和情感问题。故填likely。（4）考查信息提取能力。根据第三段中的"They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in."可知，他们变得像夜猫子一样，熬夜，然后睡懒觉。所以通过"sleeping in"可知，青少年起的很晚。故填late。

（5）考查信息提取能力。根据第四段"The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's time to sleep."可知，LED、电视、平板电脑和智能手机发出的蓝光会抑制人体的褪黑激素分泌，这种激素是一种向睡眠时间发出信号的激素。所以通过"emitted"可知，长时间暴露在屏幕上的蓝光中，可以防止人体分泌激素发出睡眠信号。故填exposure。

（6）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段和第三段以及第二段的内容可知，这三段主要在讨论对孩子睡眠不足的具体解决措施。故填Solutions /Approaches。

（7）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段"Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens,"可知，家长应该告知孩子们可以在屏幕上花费的时间。所以通过"inform"可知，家长应该对孩子可以在屏幕上花费的时间设定真正的限制。故填limits /restrictions。

（8）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段"In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms."可知，在就寝前一小时，应该把家里明亮的灯悬挂起来，避免厨房和浴室里的设备和刺眼的LED灯泡。所以通过"avoiding"可知，睡前，父母应该创造一个没有明亮或强光的健康环境。故填free。

（9）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第三段中的"In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m."可知，2016年，美国儿科学会建议初中和高中的上课时间不要早于上午8: 30。所以通过"no earlier than"可知，应该共同努力把开学时间推迟到，比如说上午8：30。故填delay /postpone。

（10）考查信息提取能力。根据最后一段"Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents."可知，只要学校把上课时间推迟，学生就会有更多的睡眠时间，出勤率就会上升，成绩就会提高，车祸也会大大减少。所以通过"students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents"关键信息的归纳总结。可知，尽管还有很长的路要走，但是改变上课时间对学生和社会都有益处。故填benefit /profit。

【点评】本题涉及考查信息提取能力题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，在理解句义的基础上，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

8．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

What is style? Style is the special visual paradigm centering on the visual symbol system. It is contained in the materialized products of daily life such as fashion, borne, architecture, horticulture; and environment. It is reflected in the creation of cultural products including literature, films and music. It is still a way of behavior and life that expresses specific customs. To sum up, style is not only the core of cultural products with visual, melodic, literal and abstract symbols, but also a way of life.

The style of China means the expression of Chinese elements. Chinese elements are the inheritance(传承)of cultural genes. The style of China relies on thousands of years of cultural accumulation(积累). It should not be limited to objects. It is supposed to express the Chinese cultural concept of Confucianism and Taoism. It must reflect the specific views of man and nature, man and objects as well as man and social relations.

The style of China ought to be oriented towards the world. It did influence the world. Silk and ceramics were the main products traded along the Silk Road. They contained rich Chinese culture. The thousand-year-old Silk Road spread the style of China to the West. And the craze for Chinoiserie(中国艺术品)was a popular fashion in European society at that time.

The style of China is the reproduction and variation of cultural genes. It is the inheritance along with innovation.

The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used. Besides, it is necessary to continue the concept of interactive space planning between man and nature and between man and man. It also needs to explore such new spaces as digitization, the Internet, virtual reality and artificial intelligence.

The style of China must show the transformation and promotion from Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation. It relies on the manufacturing power and the industrial strength. The style of China presents to the world the image of a large industrial producer and a birthplace of global creativity.

The style of China represents not only the reconstruction of objects, but also the renewal of Chinese value system.

The style of China ought to rely on rich historical heritage(遗产), draw on strengths of others and keep up with the times. It should focus on the life of the general public, the world and the future.

accumulated；internationally/globally/world；Traditional；materials；created/innovated；and；conclusion；modern

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国风格的特点，并指出中国风格必须体现在从中国制造到中国创造的转型和提升，应该依托丰富的历史遗产，取长补短，与时俱进，应该关注公众的生活、世界和未来。

（1）考查动词。根据第一段中的“It is contained in the materialized products of daily life such as fashion, borne, architecture. horticulture; and environment. It is reflected in the creation of cultural products including literature, films and music.”可知，风格包含在日常的文化产品之中，也体现在文化产品的创作中，故填reflected/contained/expressed/conveyed/carried。（2）考查名词。根据第二段中的“The style of China means the expression of Chine se elements. ”可知，中国风格就是中国元素的表现，作主语用名词，故填definition/meaning。

（3）考查动词。根据第二段中的“The style of China relies on thousands of years of cultural accumulation(积累). ”可知，中国风格是中国几千年文化的积累，故填accumulated。

（4）考查副词。根据第三段中的“The style of China ought to be oriented towards the world.”可知，中国风格面向全世界，故填internationally/globally/world。

（5）考查形容词。根据第五段中的“The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cem ent should be fully used.”可知，中国风格有责任一如既往地选择丝绸、竹子、瓷器等，同时充分利用肉类、玻璃、水泥等现代工业的材料，与modern相对的应该是traditional（传统的），故填Traditional。

（6）考查名词。根据第五段中的“Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，肉类、玻璃、水泥等现代材料也应该被充分利用，故填materials。

（7）考查动词。根据倒数第三段中的“The style of China must show the transformation and promotion from Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation.”可知，中国风格必须体现在从中

国制造到中国创造的转型和提升，故填created/innovated。

（8）考查连词。根据倒数第二段中的“The style of China represents not onl y the reconstruction of objects, but also the renewal of Chinese value system.”可知，中国风格不仅代表着创造对象的重塑，也代表着价值体系的更新，故填and。

（9）考查名词。根据最后一段“The style of China ought to rely on rich historical heritage, draw on strengths of others and keep up with the times. It should focus on the life of the general public, the world and the future.”可知，此处是文章结论，中国风格应该依托丰富的历史遗产，取长补短，与时俱进，应该关注公众的生活、世界和未来，故填conclusion。

（10）考查形容词。根据第五段中的“The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，中国风格既应该继续选择丝绸、竹子、瓷器等传统的材料，也应该充分利用玻璃和水泥等现代材料，将传统性和现代性结合起来，故填modern。

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Panda Ant is a most unusual species with a lovely appearance. ________ They look like ants but actually they belong to the wasp（黄蜂）family. The differences between the two sexes of the species are also very pronounced in both appearance and behavior. When fully grown, the male, possibly attaining a length of approximately 0. 8 centimeters, is several times larger than the female. ________ Cute as panda ants may look, they are dangerous and capable of knocking out an animal much larger than they are with a few stings（刺）.

Panda ants primarily depend on flowers sweet liquid as their food. ________ The female panda ant often lays its eggs in a bee or wasp nest. When the young ones. hatch, they will eat their pupa （蛹）hosts.

________ So although a female panda ant lays approximately 2, 000 eggs a year, a considerable amount of eggs to support their survival, this species is still on the edge of dying out.

This species was first discovered in the coastal region of Central Chile in 1938. ________

Today, they are likely to be found in dry desert and sandy areas such as Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico.

A. It's a new fashion to raise panda ants as pets.

B. The name comes from their colors as pandas.

C. Yet young panda ants are meat-eaters.

D. No one believes the panda ant is the relative of bees.

E. Besides, the males are active at night while the females opposite.

F. Unfortunately, many panda ants are eaten for their bright colors.

G. Then little attention was given to it until recently.

【答案】 B；E；C；F；G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了一种非常不寻常的物种——熊猫蚂蚁。

A. It's a new fashion to raise panda ants as pets.把熊猫作为宠物饲养是一种新的时尚。

B. The name comes from their colors as pandas.这个名字来自熊猫的颜色。

C. Yet young panda ants are meat-eaters.然而，年轻的熊猫蚂蚁是食肉动物。

D. No one believes the panda ant is the relative of bees.没有人相信熊猫蚂蚁是蜜蜂的亲戚。

E. Besides, the males are active at night while the females opposite.此外，雄性在夜间活动，而雌性则相反。

F. Unfortunately, many panda ants are eaten for their bright colors.不幸的是，许多熊猫蚂蚁因为鲜艳的颜色而被吃掉。

G. Then little attention was given to it until recently.直到最近，对它的关注很少。

（1）根据前句The Panda Ant is a most unusual species with a lovely appearance.可知这里来解释熊猫蚂蚁名字的由来。故选B。

（2）根据前句When fully grown, the male, possibly attaining a length of approximately 0. 8 centimeters, is several times larger than the female.可知，这里继续讲雄蚁与雌蚁的区别。故选E。

（3）根据前句Panda ants primarily depend on flowers sweet liquid as their food.中的关键词food可知，这里接着前句叙述小熊猫蚂蚁的食物。故选C。

（4）根据后句So although a female panda ant lays approximately 2，000 eggs a year, a considerable amount of eggs to support their survival, this species is still on the edge of dying out.中关键词support their survival和the edge of dying out可知，许多熊猫蚂蚁被吃。故选F。（5）根据前句This species was first discovered in the coastal region of Central Chile in 1938.可知，直到最近才引起人们的注意。故选G。

【点评】七选五的答案选项较少并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或句子但后面的标点符号来判断该句在我在中的位置。另外通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达不同意思的句子，就可以直接将该选项排除。

10．任务型阅读

Aside from the health benefits of laughter (which are numerous and significant), having a sense of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others, look at things in a different way, normalize your experience, and keep things from appearing too overwhelming or scary. Properly developed, a good sense of humor can keep people and relationships strong.

Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better, and can lead you to actually feeling happier (rather than just looking happier). Even if the smile is fake, the benefits you will experience are real! Also, a fake smile leads readily to a genuine one. If you are able to put a smile on your face, the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily. If your situation seems ridiculously frustrating, recognize what can develop into humor in just how ridiculously frustrating and annoying it is. In your imagination, take the situation to an

extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused. For example, when you're waiting in a long line at the store, you can imagine that hours pass, then days, visualizing yourself accepting visits from loved ones from your new home in this ultra-long line, holding your children's birthday parties in aisle seven so you can be there to enjoy them...you get the picture. Besides, find a friend with whom you can laugh also works! You can each share your frustrations, and laugh about them in the process. Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel less stressed by thinking about the retelling that will come later.

You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your friends, or try to count how many times the same potentially frustrating event happens in a day.(“I was cut off in traffic 7 times today—I'm almost up to 10!”) This works well for p redictable or repetitive annoying situations that you can't control; you can begin to value them in their own special way instead of letting them upset you.

One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like Modern Family or movies like the classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off, is that they take somewhat universal situations that many people find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all.

What's more, you can try joining Funny Clubs.Years ago, when Oprah had a show rather than a network, she did a part on Laughter Yoga that interested me, and I researched a club on my own, finding it to be a terrific place to enjoy a good laugh. Whether you mean business or laugh at the silliness of it all, taking part in the exercises of laughter yoga with other humor-participants can be a very effective way to get back in the practice of getting some more laughter into your day.

potential / possible / underlying；imagine；game；movies / films；universally；seriously

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了幽默感的重要性及一些培养幽默感的方式。（1）考查名词。根据后面解释的“an effective coping technique. It leads to bette r relationship as well as simple stress management.”可知是在讲幽默的意义，重要性或好处。故填Significance / Importance / Benefits.

（2）考查名词。第一段“having a sense of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others,”可知对生活的困难有幽默感可以提供一种与他人建立联系的方式，根据life's difficulties可知指的是生活的困难，故填difficulties / challenges.

（3）考查名词。根据第二段“Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better中having a smile”可知建议我们从微笑开始，故填smile.

（4）考查形容词比较级。根据第二段“the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily.”可知笑声会来得更容易，压力也会更容易融化。故填easier。

（5）考查形容词。根据第三段“In your imagination, take the situation to an extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused.” 把情况变成一个极端，变得更加可笑，直到你发现自己被逗乐了。这时候你就会发现自己潜在的幽默，故填potential / possible / underlying.

（6）考查动词。根据第四段中的“Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel less stressed by thinking about the retelling that will come later.”中的by thinking about可知是想象以后会发生的复述，故填imagine.

（7）考查名词。根据第五段中的“You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your friends”可知本段介绍通过和朋友玩游戏的方式使你幽默，故填game.

（8）考查名词。根据第六段中的“One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like Modern Family or movies like the classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off”可知建议我们看有趣的表演或电影，故填movies / films.

（9）考查副词。根据第六段中的“they take somewhat universal situations that many people find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all.”中的universal situations可知此处修饰形容词用副词，故填universally.（

10）考查副词。根据最后一段“Whether you mean business or laugh at the silliness of it all中mean business”可知表示认真地，严肃地，故填seriously.

【点评】本题考点涉及名词，形容词。动词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解所给材料的基础上，根据所给题目要求以及相关的语法知识，写出正确的答案。

11．任务型阅读

Moving to a foreign country is an amazing, life-changing experience. There are some practical decisions that need to be made.________For me, choosing to live with a French with a French family was the best choice I made, and here is why.

________ When you're in a new environment with people you don't know who are speaking a language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did.________They showed me which buses to take to get to work, cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships. They helped