一般将来时和过去将来时

一般将来时和过去将来

时

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◆一般将来时主要有以下几种表现形式

由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall 用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称一般也用will，在英国也有这种趋势。在口语中，常用shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如：I’ll, you’ll等。

Shall not的缩写式为:shan’t, will not 的缩写式为：won’t.

肯定句：I/We shall/will go.

You/He/She/They will go.

否定句：I/We shall/will not go.

You/He/She/They will not go.

疑问句：Shall I/we go

Will you/he/she/they go

◆一般将来时用法

（1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。

例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。

Will you be free tonight 你今晚有空吗

We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。

（2）在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如：

Will she come 她（会）来吗

We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。

The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。

（3）在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall，这时或是征求对方的意见(a)，或是询问一个情况(b)：

a. Where shall we meet 我们在哪儿碰头

b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow明天我们有课吗

在这类问句中，近年来也有不少人用will，特别是在美国。例如：

How will I get there 我怎么去

（4）be going to+动词原形

a.表示打算、准备做的事。例如：

We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。

How are you going to spend your holidays假期你准备怎样过

b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如：

I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。

There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。

c.“will”句型与“be going to”句型，前者表示纯粹将来，后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。例如：

Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。

We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。

Exercise 1

( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be going to

B. will going to be

C. is going to be

D. will go to be

( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.

A. isn’t working

B. doesn’t working

C. isn’t going to working

D. won’t work

( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.

A. will be; is

B. is; is

C. will be; will be

D. is; will be

( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.

A. was

B. is going to have

C. will have

D. is going to be

( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow

– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.

A. Are; going to; will

B. Are; going to be; will

C. Are; going to; will be

D. Are; going to be; will be

( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.

A. will gives

B. will give

C. gives

D. give

( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you

–________. （不，不要。）

A. No, you won’t.

B. No, you aren’t.

C. No, please don’t.

D. No, please.

( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper

– I ________ if for you at once.

A. get

B. am getting

C. to get

D. will get

( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday

A. There will be

B. Will there be

C. There can be

D. There are

( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.

A. have

B. will have

C. had

D. would have

Exercise 2

1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.

2. —How long _____ you _____（study）in our country

—I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.

—I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.

—What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here

—I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.

3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.

4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.

过去将来时的构成和用法

过去将来时由“助动词would/should+动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。

一、过去将来时的构成：

过去将来时的构成和一般将来时的构成一样，只要把助动词will，shall变为过去式即可：1.过去将来时的肯定句。