词块教学法在高中英语写作教学中的应用

词块教学法在高中英语写作教学中的应用

词块法是在外语教学提倡以应用为目的的背景下兴

起的新的语言教学理论。本文揭示词块教学对高三学生在写作能力的影响，实验表明，词块教学法能有效提高学生的写作水平。

关键词：词汇短语;词块教学法;高三学生;英语写作

一、词块积累对写作的影响

语言专家们对词块做出了不同的分类，按照其结构可以分为四类：（1）多词组合：指具有习语性质的固定词组。如“by the way”，“to be frank ”等等;（2）惯用表达式：指形式固定或半固定的具有语用功能的单词组合。如“It’s up to you”，“Need a hand”等等;（3）限制性短语：这类词块是由某些固定结构形成的框架式短语，语言使用者可以根据需要进行替换。如“as far as…concerned”，“to one’s surprise/astonishment”等等;（4）句子框架结构和引语：这类词块指为整个句子提供框架的词汇短语及引语。如：“Help yourself to some…”，“Give my regards to your …”等等。从词汇层到句子层，词汇组块形式从完全固定的表达到半固定的表达，其间断性越来越大，灵活性依次增强，这就为语言学习者掌握词块，从而创造性地使用词块提供了可能。

词块是语言使用者在语言输入和输出过程中频繁使用的，具有特定语义和结构并以固定或者半固定形式存在的，有利于提高语言生成能力的短语，固定搭配，习惯用语和句式。例如：A friend of mine /put forward some suggestions on traveling/in his letter.这个句子可以看成是三个词块组成的。词块有如下特点：（1）预制性。每一种语言都存在着大量公式化的，预制性的词块。掌握大量词块是以后熟练和创造性使用语言的基础。（2）词块集语义，语境和语法为一体。也就是说，词块的使用是为了表达特定的意义，词块的构成有着一定的结构和规则。（3）约定性。许多词块是人们在语言行为过程中约定俗成的，它们按照特定的社会惯例而形成并有固定或半固定的搭配。如be superior to; by the way; the +比较级，the +比较级等等。

笔者主张有效利用词块来解决学生语言产出水平低的问题（包括语病百出，表达不符合英语语言习惯，母语干扰现象严重等）。这需要大量的有意识的积累。

三、优秀范文赏析

下面再以两篇范文为例来看一看什么样的文章才算是一篇优秀的文章？

以下是一位学生就“如何帮一位新同学融入新集体”所写的文章：

Dear Li Ming，

Welcome to our class！Judging from your puzzled expression，I can say that it’difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new class，isn’t it？Now，cheer up and listen to me.

As far as I know，you left you hometown to study here，so you sometimes feel homesick. Besides，you might feel lonely since you are not familiar with the surroundings and people here. What’s more，the customs here might be different from those of your former school，am I right？

In my opinion，there is no point worrying about these. What you should do is concentrating on your class and study. Then，try to be optimistic and outgoing. Don’t hesitate to turn to your teachers and c lassmates. I’m sure that they are always pleased to help you out.

As far as I’m concerned，would you like me to show you around our school，and then play basketball for a while？In addition，I’d like to introduce some of my friends to you.

In a nutshell，please feel at home when you study here！

Best regards，

Zhang Hua

点评：文章应用了大量连接手段，如：as far as I know，besides，what’s more，in my opinion，as far as I’m concerned ，in addition，过渡自然，行文流畅。在Judging from

your puzzled expression，I can say that it’difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new class，isn’t it？一句中应用了分词及作形式宾语。文章还运用了许多优秀词汇和固定搭配，如adjust yourself to，be familiar with，there is no point doing sth.，concentrate on，in a nutshell等。以下是一位学生就“如何看待家庭作业很多的问题”所写的文章：Many students feel it difficult to finish so much homework. Not only do they have classes in school but also do their homework at home. I have heard that some of students stay up until midnight. How hard they are！

In my opinion，there are some reasons causing it. On one hand，the teachers consider that the more exercise the students do，the better they will learn . so the teachers ask the poor students to do a great deal of work. On the other hand，the parents also demand their children that they should do much homework in order to get their lessons improved.

I’m not in favour of taking too much work. The teachers and parents should change their way to bring up their children.

点评：文章结构严谨，语言丰富，句式多变。灵活使用了倒装句Not only do they have…，感叹句How hard they are！，分词causing ，get …improved，，不定式it difficult to finish，to bring up虚拟语气...demand their children that they