初中英语宾语从句学案讲与练(无答案)

宾语从句

在复合句中位于及物动词、介词、复合谓语之后充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

1. I don’t know (that) he is an English teacher.

2. I hear (that) Kate has gone to the USA.

3. I don’t know if he will come today.

4. He is not sure whether his parents will agree.

5. The girl didn’t tell us how old she was.

6. I’d like to know when he will give back the book.

7. Do you know where he lives?

8. Please tell me when the train arrives in Beijing.

一、陈述语序

宾语从句中的语序必须是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”。例如：

He asked me ________ during the summer holidays.

A.I had gone where

B. where I had been

C. where had I gone

D. where had I been

二、主从句动词时态基点的一致性

主句与从句的动词时态的基点应保持一致，或都以现在为基点，或都以过去为基点。

1.若主句的动词用一般现在时，从句的谓语须根据需要选用各种时态, 例如：

Tom says that Mary is reading her English newspaper now.

2.若主句的动词用过去时，则从句的谓语动词也常用过去时态，例如：

Mother told me that she would show me around her company the next Saturday.

3.若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、常识等时，仍然使用一般现在时；若从句的内容为历史事实时，仍然使用一般过去时。例如：

(1) Our physics teacher once told us that light travels faster than sound.

(2) Our history teacher told us that George Washington was the first president of the USA.

改写下列句子中划线部分的时态、

1.Alice said that she will go here by plane.

2.We knew that the earth travelled round the sun .

3.I said I didn’t know whether it will rain or not.

4.He said if it rained tomorrow, they will not go there.

5.He told us the meeting has begun already.

6.Could you tell us where you had been?

7.I wondered if my aunt will be back in a few days.

8.The boy asked his father if the sun set in the west.

9.She said she is watching TV at 8:00 last night.

10.I wondered if she can swim well.

三、连接词的选择

1.主句谓语是think, know, believe, decide, conclude，be sure等表示肯定意义，用that 引导从句。例如:

I believe that our women’s volleyball team will win the championship.

注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略

I hear _____ he will be back in an hour.

He said_______ he missed us very much.

The teacher told us _______ the earth goes around the sun.

2.主句是ask, doubt, wonder, be not sure等表示否定或疑问的动词时，从句一般情况属于一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。

(1).若从句句子结构完整，连接代词表示“是否”的意思，用if或者whether来连接主从句。如果，从句后有“…or not”等选择意义，就常用whether来连接。例如：

I am not sure whether it will rain or not tomorrow.

1. Would you like to know _______they will do it or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. why

2. I want to know ________he will go climbing or not. A. if B. when C. whether D. what

3. He doesn’t know_______they will plant trees or not. A. whether B. when C. if D. when

4. She asks _______we will go fishing tomorrow or not. A. if B. whether C. where D. what

5. Do you know______ Lingling will come here or not? A. when B. if C. where D. whether

由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句（是否）

I want to know ______ he will go to the park with us.

Ask him ______ he can come.

I don’t know ________ it will rain or not.

一些情况下引导词只能用whether而不能用if.

1. “whether...or not”，如I don’t know whether or no t she does washing at home .

2. 引导不定式，如We haven’t decided whether to go out for the holiday

3. 在介词的后面，如I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

4. Whether还可以引导主语从句和表语从句，而if 不可，如

Whether you will agree with me is important.

The problem was whether he could come up with a new idea.

一些情况下引导词只能用if而不能用whether

1.引导否定意义的宾从: He asked me if I didn’t return the book last week.

2. If 可表示如果引导条件状语从句: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will hold a sports meeting.

(2).若从句的句子结构不完整，那么从句多为特殊疑问句，须用相应的连接代词或连接副词来引导主从句。例如：

We don’t know who will become the new headmaster of our school next term..

由连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, what引导（做从句的主语或宾语）及连接副词when, where, how, how old… ,why引导的宾从(在从句中作状语等）,请用正确的连接词填空：

1. The teacher asked Lucy _____ she was late for school.

2. We don’t know _____ it will rain tomorrow.

3. The man wants to know _____ she comes from.

4. I don’t remember ____ the train arrived.

5. Could you show us _____ we can turn on the computer?

6. She knew ____ she should work hard for the people.

7. Could you tell me _____ is the way to the station?

8. Please tell me ________ pictures they have drawn.

(3).主句为表示“否定”或“疑问”意义的动词，且该动词前已被否定时，用that 引导宾语从句。例如：

(1) I no longer doubt ________ the clever boy can pass the entrance tests.

(2) We don’t wonder _______ China will enter WTO sooner or later.

四、疑问词前置现象

当主句的结构为一般疑问句时，而且从句的结构为特殊疑问句时，习惯性地把从句的疑问词前插到主句的句首，这种现象就叫做“疑问词前置现象”。例如：

(1) What do you know has happened to Mike? (2) Who do you think is the best student in your class? (3) ——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

——What do you suppose to her.

A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened

五、否定转移现象

当主句的主语为第一人称，且主句的及物动词为表示感知的think, believe, expect, suppose等时，常把对从句的否定放在主句中，后部的动词只能用肯定形式, 例如：

(1)I don’t think you can pass the driving test, can you?

(2)I think you can pass the driving test, can’t you?

(3)They don’t believe that it is true, do they?

(4)I don’t think that the book is very useful, ______ ? A. do I B. is it C. doesn’t it D. isn’t it

(5)I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ?

A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I

(6)You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ?

A．am I B．do you C．don’t you D．do I

六、宾语从句和状语从句的比较

when既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导时间状语从句；if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导条件状语从句; whoever既可引导宾语从句，也可引导让步状语从句。试比较：

(1)I don’t know when he will come here. When he comes, I will first let you know it first.

(2)We don’t know if he will come here tomorrow. If he comes tomorrow, we’ll telephone you.

(3)I will lend my dictionary to whoever needs it. But whoever breaks it will have to repay it.

1、If it ___________ (not rain) tomorrow, we _________ (visit) the People’s Museum.

2、John _____________ (write) something when I __________ (go) to see him.

3、When I got to the cinema, the film _______________ (begin)

4、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you _________(finish) doing your homework?

5、When they got to the cinema, the film________ for ten minutes.

A．had been on B．has begun C．began D．had begun

宾语从句专项练习题

1、Mr. Wang didn’t know if there _______ (be) an English evening the next day.

2、Please tell me if she _________ (come) again next time.

3、I remember that I ____________ (lock) the door.

4、Our teacher told us that light ________(travel) much faster than sound.

5、I hope he ________ (come) back in a week.

6、He told me he _________ (help) her with her maths the next evening.

7、She said they ___________(know) each other for quite some time.

8. I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be)

9. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)

10. Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.

11. I hear they __________ (return) it already.

12. He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)

13. He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)

14. I think you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)

15.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)

16. I hope he ____________ (come) back in a week.

17. Our teacher told us that the earth _____________ (move) around the sun.

18. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. what

19. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. if

20.----A: Could you tell me ________ she is looking for?

----B: Her cousin, Susan.

A. that

B. whose

C. who

D. which

21. I want to know________.

A. what is his name

B. what's his name

C. that his name is

D. what his name is

22. Could you tell me________?

A. when did Tom come back

B. when does Tom come back

C. when Tom will come back

D. when Tom comes back

23. A: Could you tell me ________? B: I'm not sure.

A. how many people have been out of hospital

B. when is Thanksgiving Day

C. which animal does he like best

D. what time will the dolphin show start

24. Mr. King didn't know ________ yesterday evening.

A. when does his son come home

B. when his son comes home

C. when did his son come home

D. when his son came home

25. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ Christmas Day.

A. is

B. was

C. has been

D. which

26. I wonder ________ you would like to come to my birthday party.

A. that

B. whether

C. that if

D. that whether

27. A: I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive? B: Usually it comes by 4:00.

A. how

B. where

C. when

D. what

28. Do you know ________ during the coming holiday?

A. what will Tom do

B. what did Tom do

C. what Tom will do

D. what Tom did

29. The teacher told us that light ________ much faster than sound.

A. travels

B. traveled

C. would travel

D. had traveled

30. Do you know if ________ back next week? If he ________ back, please let me know.

A. he comes, will come

B. will he come, comes

C. he will come, comes

D. will he come, will come