初中英语宾语从句学案讲与练(无答案)

宾语从句

在复合句中位于及物动词、介词、复合谓语之后充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

1. I don’t know (that) he is an English teacher.

2. I hear (that) Kate has gone to the USA.

3. I don’t know if he will come today.

4. He is not sure whether his parents will agree.

5. The girl didn’t tell us how old she was.

6. I’d like to know when he will give back the book.

7. Do you know where he lives?

8. Please tell me when the train arrives in Beijing.

一、陈述语序

宾语从句中的语序必须是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”。例如：

He asked me ________ during the summer holidays.

A.I had gone where

B. where I had been

C. where had I gone

D. where had I been

二、主从句动词时态基点的一致性

主句与从句的动词时态的基点应保持一致，或都以现在为基点，或都以过去为基点。

1.若主句的动词用一般现在时，从句的谓语须根据需要选用各种时态, 例如：

Tom says that Mary is reading her English newspaper now.

2.若主句的动词用过去时，则从句的谓语动词也常用过去时态，例如：

Mother told me that she would show me around her company the next Saturday.

3.若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、常识等时，仍然使用一般现在时；若从句的内容为历史事实时，仍然使用一般过去时。例如：

(1) Our physics teacher once told us that light travels faster than sound.

(2) Our history teacher told us that George Washington was the first president of the USA.

改写下列句子中划线部分的时态、

1.Alice said that she will go here by plane.

2.We knew that the earth travelled round the sun .

3.I said I didn’t know whether it will rain or not.

4.He said if it rained tomorrow, they will not go there.

5.He told us the meeting has begun already.

6.Could you tell us where you had been?

7.I wondered if my aunt will be back in a few days.

8.The boy asked his father if the sun set in the west.

9.She said she is watching TV at 8:00 last night.

10.I wondered if she can swim well.

三、连接词的选择

1.主句谓语是think, know, believe, decide, conclude，be sure等表示肯定意义，用that 引导从句。例如:

I believe that our women’s volleyball team will win the championship.

注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略

I hear _____ he will be back in an hour.

He said_______ he missed us very much.

The teacher told us _______ the earth goes around the sun.

2.主句是ask, doubt, wonder, be not sure等表示否定或疑问的动词时，从句一般情况属于一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。

(1).若从句句子结构完整，连接代词表示“是否”的意思，用if或者whether来连接主从句。如果，从句后有“…or not”等选择意义，就常用whether来连接。例如：

I am not sure whether it will rain or not tomorrow.

1. Would you like to know _______they will do it or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. why

2. I want to know ________he will go climbing or not. A. if B. when C. whether D. what

3. He doesn’t know_______they will plant trees or not. A. whether B. when C. if D. when

4. She asks _______we will go fishing tomorrow or not. A. if B. whether C. where D. what

5. Do you know______ Lingling will come here or not? A. when B. if C. where D. whether

由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句（是否）

I want to know ______ he will go to the park with us.

Ask him ______ he can come.

I don’t know ________ it will rain or not.

一些情况下引导词只能用whether而不能用if.

1. “whether...or not”，如I don’t know whether or no t she does washing at home .

2. 引导不定式，如We haven’t decided whether to go out for the holiday

3. 在介词的后面，如I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

4. Whether还可以引导主语从句和表语从句，而if 不可，如

Whether you will agree with me is important.

The problem was whether he could come up with a new idea.

一些情况下引导词只能用if而不能用whether

1.引导否定意义的宾从: He asked me if I didn’t return the book last week.

2. If 可表示如果引导条件状语从句: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will hold a sports meeting.

(2).若从句的句子结构不完整，那么从句多为特殊疑问句，须用相应的连接代词或连接副词来引导主从句。例如：

We don’t know who will become the new headmaster of our school next term..

由连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, what引导（做从句的主语或宾语）及连接副词when, where, how, how old… ,why引导的宾从(在从句中作状语等）,请用正确的连接词填空：

1. The teacher asked Lucy _____ she was late for school.

2. We don’t know _____ it will rain tomorrow.

3. The man wants to know _____ she comes from.

4. I don’t remember ____ the train arrived.

5. Could you show us _____ we can turn on the computer?

6. She knew ____ she should work hard for the people.

7. Could you tell me _____ is the way to the station?

8. Please tell me ________ pictures they have drawn.