常见时态的用法

常见时态的用法
常见时态的用法一、一般现在时：1.表示习惯性或经常性的
动作或状态，常与usually, often, sometimes,确always, seldom, every day (year, morning…)等表示频率的时间状语连用。

He often does his homework in his study.
I usually get up at six in the morning.
2. 表示客观规律、正确事实或科学真理等。

Knowledge comes only from practice.
※Columbus proved that the earth is round.
3. 在连词when, while,
before, after, until,
till,
once, if, unless, as soon
as, as long as, by the time, in case, even if,
the moment/ minute /instant, the day/ year, immediately 等引导
的时
间（条件、让步）状语从句中，常用一般现
在
时表将来。

When Bill comes (will come×), ask him to wait for me.
We’ll go out for a walk as soon as the rain stops.
Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.
4. come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等动词可以用来
表示按照计划、安排将要发生、且不轻易改变的动作（有特定的时间状语）。

.
The flight takes off at ten o’clock.
School begins on September 1st.
※Could you tell me when he ____ back?
----When he ____ back, I’ll let you know.
A. comes; comes
B. will come; comes
C. will come; will come
D. comes; will come 5．试比较：
Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范动作；第二句now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作。

二、一般过去时：1）表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in 1998, two years ago, last month, the day before yesterday, the other day, when从句等连用.
The Red Army came into being in 1927.
A robber broke into the bank and robbed the bank of a lot of money last night.
一般过去时还可表示过去发生的一连串动作。

The monkey jumped off
the tree, picked up a big stone and threw it at us. 2）用于以下固定句型中：
It is (high/ about) time that sb. did sth. 早该做...
Would/ had rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人去做…
3）wish, wonder, think, hope, know等用过去时，表示的动作都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

Oh, it’s you. I didn’t know you were here too.
三、一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与soon, tomorrow ( morning…), next week (year…), some day, from now on, the day after tomorrow, in the future等表将来的时间状语连用。

有几种构成方式：
1.Be going to + 动词原形①表示计划、决心，说话前已打算要做的事情。

②说话人根据已有的迹象或经验判断认为将要发生的事情。

I’m going to buy a new car if I have a lot of money.
Look! Dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain.
2. shall/will +动词原形
①单纯表将来②表说话时才想到的意愿或决心。

Eg: Jack is ill in hospital.
---- Oh really? I _____. I_____ to see him.
A. didn’t know; will go
B. don’t know; am going
C. haven’t known; will go
D. didn’t know; am going
3. be + to do ①按照计划、安排将要做的事情。

②（上级对下级、父母对子女）下达命令，意思是“应该…”③表命中注定将要发生的事情。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
You are to finish the work before five this afternoon. The little boy is to become a VIP.
4. be about to +动词原形或be on the point of doing 表示即将或正要去做…. 不与tomorrow, next week等具体的时间状语连用，但可和when从句连用。

I am about to do (=am on the point of doing) my homework.
5. be + doing 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作，常用于come, go, start, set out, leave, reach, return, move, take off, arrive等
Are you staying here till next week?
四、过去将来时：would do; was / were going to do; (was /were to do; was /were about to do; was /were doing; was / were on the point of doing) 一般不能单独使
用，常用在宾语从句和间接引语之中，表示从过去的角度看，将要发生的行为或存在的状态。

They said that they would call on me sooner or later.
Tom asked me if I was going to call on my English teacher.
I was on the point of phoning you when your phone arrived.
五、现在进行时：be (am , is , are) + doing
①表示现在(说话时刻)正在进行或发生的动作；
Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree.
②也可表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，说话时未必动作正在进行; What are you doing these days?
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
③一些位移动词可用现在进行时表将来。

He is coming to see you next week. ※进行时与某些副词（always, constantly, continually, forever）连用，可表赞叹或厌恶等情感。

You are always thinking of others.
He is constantly changing his mind.
六、过去进行时：was /were doing
表示过去某个时刻或一段时间正在进行的动
作，这一特定的过去时间，除了上下文暗示以外，一般和时间状语连用。

常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, at this time yesterday, when, while等。

What were you doing at this time yesterday?
I was reading a newspaper when he knocked at the door.
You look unhappy. What’s the matter with you?
---- Nothing much. I was missing my parents. Eg: I don’t think Tom saw us; he ____ into space.
A. just stared
B. was just staring
C. has just stared
D. had just stared
七、现在完成时have / has + done
①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果②表示动作或状态过去已经开始，一直持续到现在。

常用的时间状语有：already, never, ever, just, before, lately, yet, recently, so far, up to the present, up till now, in the past/ last few years, since，“for+段时间”等.
Have you had your supper yet?
---- Yes, I have just had
it. (吃过了饭，所以现在不饿)
I have lived here in Yiyang since I was born.
(动作持续到现在) ◎has been to 去过…（已经回来）
My sister has been to the USA once (but she is back now).
◎h as gone to 去…了（已去未归）
My sister has gone to the USA (and she isn’t here now).
※当先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句中一般用现在完成时。

This is the most interesting story I have ever read. This is the third time I have been here.
※句中如果有过去的时间副词（如：yeaterday, last week, in 1990），要用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (√)
Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (×)
※现在完成时中，终止性动词不能与for, since等延续性状语连用，必须改为相应的延续性动词。

Die----be dead join----be in
fall ill----be ill
finish----be over leave/go----be away begin----be on become----be
buy----get/have
marry----be married (to) borrow----keep
arrive/reach/get to----be in/at/ stay
eg: He has joined the Party for 5 years. (×)
He has been a Party member for 5 years. (√)
He has been in the Party for 5 years. (√)
八、现在完成进行时have/has been doing
表示动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，甚至将来；也可能动作刚结束。

He has been lying in bed for two weeks. (现在还躺着)
Where have you been? I have been looking for you everywhere. (动作刚结束，已不在寻找) 某些动词如：work, live, study, teach等用于现在完成进行时和现在完成时意义区别不大。

I have been working / worked here for 5 years.
九、过去完成时had done
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态, 这个时间可用短语或从句来表示，也可由上下文来暗示
He had studied here for 3 years before he went to Europe.
②一些表希望、打算的词，如：hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend 等，常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望打算。

I had expected to come and help you last night, but I was too busy.
③过去完成时还可用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的一种假设I wish I had worked harder in those days! If you had come 5 minutes earlier, you would have caught the first bus. ④用于固定句型Hardly/ Scarcely…when…; No sooner…than…中, 表“一……就……”Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain hard. (= I had hardly arrived home when….)
No sooner had he got better than he fell ill again. (= He had no sooner got better than …)
几种常用时态之间的比较
1. He lives in Beijing. 他住在北京。

（长期性，永久性）
He is living in Beijing. 他现住北京。

（临时性，短暂性）
2. Alice wrote a letter to her friend last night. （写了一封信，过去式表动作已完成）
Alice was writing a letter to her friend last night. （只强调当时在写，不强调是否写完）3．He has lived here for five years. （现完表示动作延续到现在，即现在还住这儿。

）
He lived here for five years.（曾经在这住过五年，过去式表动作已完成，即现已不住这。

）4. We have discussed the problem with him. （已经和他讨论过了。

强调对现在的影响）We have been discussing the problem with him all the morning. （一直在讨论，说话时动作可能还在延续。

）
1. —Have you known
Dr. Jackson for a
long time? （全国I
卷）
—Yes, since she _____ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joins
C. had joined
D. joined
2. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive. （全国
I卷）
A. is expected
B. is expecting
C. expects
D. will be expected
3. -----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
-----Yes, I did. You know, my brother ________ in the match. （安徽卷）
A. is playing
B. was playing
C. has played
D. had played
4. I like these English songs and they ____many times on the radio. （安徽卷）
A. taught
B. have taught
C. are taught
D. have been taught
5. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and
10 percent. （福建卷）
A. saw
B. see
C. had seen
D. have seen 6. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother _____ on the phone all the time! （湖南卷）
A.was talking
B. has been talking
C. has talked
D. talked
7. —Do you have any problems if you ______ this job? （湖南卷）—Well, I’m thinking about the salary….
A. offer
B. will offer
C. are offered
D. will be offered
8. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. （江苏卷）—I think so. He ______ for it for months.
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. had been preparing
D. has been preparing
9. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
（山东）A. walks
B. walked
C. has walked
D. had walked
10. --- Do you think we should accept that offer?
---- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out. （江西卷）
A. have had; is running
B. had; is running
C. have; has been run
D. have had; has been run
11 We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we __ each other for years.
A. knew
B. had known
C. have known
D. know （辽宁卷）12. —Have you got any job offers?
—No. I _____.（辽宁
卷）
A. waited
B. had been waiting
C. have waited
D. am waiting
13. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day. (全国II) A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining
14. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent. (全国II)
A. will increase
B. have been increasing
C. have increased
D. would be increasing
15. ---–Did you go to the show last night? ---–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ___ invited. （陕西卷）
A. were
B. have been
C. has been
D. was
16. The moment I got home, I found I ____ my jacket on the playground. （陕西卷）A. had left B. left
C. have left
D. was leaving
17. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic______.（陕西卷）
A. had changed
B. will change
C. was changed
D. has been changed
18. The telephone _____, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川卷)
A. had rung
B. was ringing
C. rings
D. has rung
19. I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book —I ___it to you this morning!
A. would lend
B. was lending
C. had lent
D. lent（浙江卷）
20. –---What’s that noise? （浙江卷）
---Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine __.
A. was tested
B. will be tested
C. is being tested
D. has been tested
21.—Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?
—Who _______ it?（北京卷）
A. writes
B. has written
C. wrote
D. had written
22. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____ in many worse hotels. （北京卷）
A . was staying
B. stayed
C. would stay
D. had stayed
23. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates
have been interviewed.
A. will be made
B. is made （北京卷）
C. is being made
D. has been made
24. He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young. （天津卷）
A. was playing
B. played
C. has played
D. had played
25. Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year. （重庆卷）
A. meets
B. met
C. has met
D. would meet
26. He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.
A. regarded
B. was regarded （重庆卷）
C. has regarded
D. had been regarded 27. Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much. （重庆卷）
A. have damaged
B. are damaging
C. damaged
D. will damage
28. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (上海卷) Terry? Never! She ___ tents and fresh air!
A. has hated
B. hated
C. will hate
D. hates
29. In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit. (上海卷)
A. have run
B. have been run
C. had been run
D. will run
30. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she ____. (（辽宁卷05）
A. has done
B. had done
C. was doing
D. is doing
31. ----Can I join the club, Dad? ----You can when you ____ a bit older.
A. get
B. will get
C. are getting
D. will have get
32. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
----Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
33. I don’t really work here; I____ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out
B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
34. You don’t need to
describe her. I ____ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
35. Helen ____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____ home.
A. has left; comes
B. left; had come
C. had left; came
D. had left; would come
36. ____ my glasses? ----Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see
B. Had you seen
C. Would you see
D. Have you seen
37. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ____ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked
B. was working
C. had been working
D. had worked
38. ----Oh, it’s you! I____ you.
---- I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize
B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized
D. don’t recognize
39. ----Nancy is not coming tonight.
---- But she ____!
A. promises
B. promised
C. will promise
D. had promised
40. Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don’t know
whether she has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
41. The price ____, but
I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down
B. will go down
C. has gone down
D. was going down
42. ----Hey, look where you are going? ---- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ____.
A. I’m not noticing
B. I wasn’t notic ing
C. I haven’t noticed
D. I do not notice
43. All the preparations for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed
B. complete
C. had been completed
D. have been completed
44. ----How are you today?
----Oh, I ____ as ill as I do for a long time.
A. didn’t feel
B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel
D. haven’t felt
45. A new cinema ____ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built
B. is built
C. has been built
D. is being built
46. John and I ____ friends for 8 years. We
first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ____ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had seen; had seen
D. have been; had seen
47. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ____ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
48. ----How are the team playing?
----They are playing well, but one of them ____ hurt.
A. got
B. gets
C. are
D. were
49. ----You haven’t said a word about my coat, Brenda. Do you like it? ---- I’m sorry I -____anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying
B. don’t say
C. won’t say
D. didn’t say
50. He ____ in a computer company for 4 years, which is of great help to his present job.
A. worked
B. has worked
C. is working
D. had worked
51. ---- Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.
---- You ______ something.
A. have left
B. are always leaving
C. are leaving
D. always left
52. ---- I ______ so busily recently that I
______ no time to help you with your math.
---- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have
B. have worked; had
C. am working; will have
D. had been working; had had
53. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me.
A. are writing
B. will write
C. has written
D. write
54. He ______ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.
A. will speak
B. is going to speak
C. had to speak
D. was going to speak
55. ---- I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you.
---- Oh, I ______ myself.
A. am talking to
B. talked about
C. have talked to
D. was talking to
56. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t
had time to play since the New Year.
A. will play
B. have played
C. played
D. play
57. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ______ in a radio factory at that time.
A. had worked
B. has worked
C. was working
D. has been working
58. ---- What ______ when I phoned you?
---- I ______ my work, and I wanted to go out.
A. have you done; finished
B. were you doing; have finished
C. did you do; had just finished
D. were you doing; had just finished
59. ---- Have you finished the report?
---- No. I ______ it all this week.
A. will do
B. had done
C. have done
D. have been doing
60. I can guess you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn
B. wore
C. were wearing
D. are wearing
61. ---- We ___ that you would fix the TV set this week.
---- I’m sorry. I ____ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected; had intended
B. are expecting; had intended
C. expect; intend
D. expected; intend
62. ---- Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty! ---- Mum, I ______ my storeroom downstairs.
A. cleaned
B. have cleaned
C. was cleaning
D. have been cleaning
63. They won’t buy new clothes because they
______ money to buy a new house.
A. save
B. are saving
C. have saved
D. were saving
64. The traffic in our city is already good and it ______ even better. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 65.---- I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.
---- I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ______ my guests in my office.
A. is being met
B. will meet
C. will be meeting
D. will have met
66. ---- Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
---- Really? Where
______?
A. has she been
B. had she been
C. has she gone
D. had she gone
67. I know Mr. Brown; we ______ to each other at an international conference.
A. are introduced
B. are been introduced
C. were introduced
D. had been introduced
68. ---- Where do you think ____ he ____ the computer?
---- Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has; bought
B. 不填; bought
C. did; buy
D. 不填; buys
69. Don’t bother to look for my dictionary --- it ______ some day.
A. turns up
B. has turned up
C. will turn up
D. is going to turn up
70. ---- What do you think of this kind of TV set, which ______ in Shanghai?
---- Well, I don’t care about such things.
A. was made
B. is made
C. has been made
D. had been made
71. ---- Did he notice you enter the room?
---- I don’t think so. He _____ to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened
B. was listening
C. has listened
D. had listened
72. The plane ______ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.
A. has left
B. would leave
C. will have left
D. leaves
73. The train ______ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
A. went
B. is going
C. goes
D. will be going
74. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ______ coffee.
A. prefer
B. preferred
C. had preferred
D. am preferring
75. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ______ too long.
A. had been cooked
B. were cooked
C. have cooked
D. cooked
76. -- Remember the first time we met, Jim? -- Of course I do. You ______ in the library.
A. were reading
B. had read
C. have read
D. read
77. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well.
A. have told; washes
B. have been told; washes
C. was told; washed
D. have been told; is washed
78. ---- Is Tom still smoking?
---- No. By next Saturday he ______ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will be
B. will have gone
C. will have been
D. has been going
79. ---- ______ Betty this morning?
---- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A. Have you seen
B. Will you see
C. Do you see
D. Did you see?
80. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never ______ him talk so much.
A. I heard
B. did I hear
C. I had heard
D. had I heard
81. ---- Look at the black clouds. It ______ soon.
---- Sure. If only we ______ out.
A. is raining; didn’t come
B. is to rain; won’t start
C. will rain; haven’t started
D. is going to rain; hadn’t come
82. He ___ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ____ about forty articles.
A. has been writing; has written
B. has been writing; wrote
C. is writing; has been writing
D. has written; has written
83. She ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got
B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got
D. had no sooner got
84. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ___ from practice .
A. was coming
B. had come
C. comes
D. would come
85.---- Don’t forget to bring my new books
tomorrow afternoon. ---- No, I ______.
A. don’t
B. do
C. won’t
D. will
86. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ___.
A. finished what I was doing
B. finished what I did
C. would finish what I was doing
D. finish what I did
87. You won’t know whether the coat fits you until you ______ it on.
A. will try
B. have tried
C. tried
D. are trying 88. My dictionary
______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______it.
A. has lost; don’t find
B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found
D. is missing; haven’t found
89. ______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
90. ---- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?
---- I ______ yet, but I ______ taking a train.
A. didn’t decide; am considering
B. haven’t decided; consider
C. haven’t decided; am considering
D. hadn’t decided; have considered
91. ---- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?---- Of course. What is it?
---- I ______ if you could take me to the station.
A. would wonder
B. did wonder
C. was wondering
D. had wondered
92. ---- Got your driving license?
---- No. I ____ too
busy to have
enough
practi ce, so I didn’t
take the driving
test last week. I’m going to next
week.
A. was
B. have been
C. am
D. had been
93. With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the field of IT.
A. has introduced
B. is being introduced
C. is introduced
D. was introduced
94. ---- Who’s the man over there?
---- It’s Jack.
---- Oh? ______ in Italy.
A. I think he’s
B. I’ve thought he’s been
C. I thought he was
D. I’d thought he’d been
95. ---- I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in.
---- I ______ regular exercises at the club. A. did B. was doing
C. had done
D. have been doing
96. ---- Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, ______ the book.
---- So have I.
A. is reading
B. has read
C. reading
D. reads
97. The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then he ______ a cold.
A. has caught
B. is catching
C. will catch
D. does catch
98. It is when the plane ______ th at you’d better find out at the booking office.
A. would take off
B. had taken off
C. was taking off
D. is taking off
99. ---- I’m sorry, but there’s no smoking on this flight.
---- Oh, I ______ that. Sorry, I won’t again.
A. don’t know
B. didn’t know
C. won’t know
D. haven’t known 100. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it.
A. doesn’t mention
B. hadn’t mentioned
C. didn’t mention
D. hasn’t mentioned 101. The flowers were so lovely that they _____ in no time. [2007 全国卷I]
A. sold
B. had been sold
C. were sold
D. would sell
102. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _____ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷I]
A. are going
B. had been
C. went
D. have been
103. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.
—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II]
A. have just thought
B. was just thinking
C. would just think
D. will just be thinking 104. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II]
A. had to
B. didn’t
C. was going to
D. wouldn’t
105. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷]
—No, I was going to tidy my room but I ___ visitors.
A. had
B. have
C. have had
D. will have 106. I ___ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! A. Had fallen B. have fallen
C. fell asleep
D. fall asleep
107. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
A. were deciding
B. have decided
C. decided
D. will decide
108. When the old man ____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____
itself behind the mountain.
A. started; had already hidden
B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding
D. was starting; hid 109. The house belongs to my aunt, but she
____ here any more. A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t lived
D. doesn’t live
110. ----I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for the holiday.
---- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she
____? A. was leaving B. had left
C. has left
D. left
解题感悟：。