海外代购外文文献翻译最新译文字数3000多字

文献出处：Lurch R. Talk about overseas act as purchasing agency business model research [J]. Organizational Dynamics, 2015, 35(3): 265-278.
原文
Talk about overseas act as purchasing agency business model research
Lurch R
Abstract
With the continuous development of cross-border e-commerce, overseas act as purchasing agency gradually in consumer demand. Purchased overseas offer price advantage and brand advantages of international goods, meet the personalized needs of consumers. Overseas act as purchasing agency for the domestic related enterprises especially the severe impact of the retailer weakened the commerce promotion effect of consumption. Network overseas act as purchasing agency as B2C e-commerce in a niche market, has been gradually accepted by Internet users in the network consumption. It can avoid the problems in the international personal shopping link; just enter the act as purchasing agency website, after selected goods, direct payment, no international credit card, need not trouble to forward overseas relatives and friends. Overseas goods consumers not only consider the product quality, price, after-sales service, such as difference, also the comprehensive national policy, price and after-sale activist, technical support and other factors.
Keywords: Overseas act as purchasing agency; E-commerce platform; Commerce
1The present situation and operation mode of overseas purchasing development
1.1 statuses
Overseas act as purchasing agency is based on the network consumer demand for goods in other countries, by large community BBS, comprehensive e-commerce site purchasing platform, professional network "transit" and so on all kinds of ways to make consumers to purchase goods to overseas. There are professional purchased overseas act as purchasing agency web B2C website and attached to the big shopping website of C2C online personal bought two forms. Contemporary is larger, more concentrated procurement time, in order to save cost, can be bought by reality. Human act as purchasing agency buying more proficient in a foreign language; Stewardess,
students familiar with the import and export markets. At present, the independence of the strongest is the enterprise to build online sales platform to promote operation, using marketing network for distribution or distribution business outsourcing to a third party platform. Some trade through the international logistics company imported foreign electronic products, cosmetics, household goods, to avoid delivery channels of duties, through active in the border of and Hong Kong a batch of "water guest" will be split into more imported goods, false claim for personal items, use of personal items allowance preferential rules, through channels into China, the country of import goods management.
Purchased overseas divided into acquaintances purchased overseas and electronic purchased overseas, acquaintance between acquaintances and relatives overseas act as purchasing agency in consumers, is not a profit for the purpose of purchasing way. Electronic overseas act as purchasing agency refers to is the medium of electronic commerce, based on the international logistics and the Internet to provide buyers agent to buy foreign brand products services and related fee. With the traditional compared between e-commerce and international trade, the characteristics of the purchased overseas mainly: one is a general characteristic of the network shopping; Second, can provide convenient and quick for overseas products of domestic demand and safer buying channel, eliminate frontier barrier of international products and services; Three is to provide personalized services purchased overseas to meet the specific needs of consumers, to find a solution to the differential development as the goal.
1.2 purchased overseas operation mode analysis
At present, the domestic and overseas act as purchasing agency electric business platform mainly websites, involved in purchasing products are daily necessities, food, such as milk powder, health care products, consumer electronics, such as apple computer, mobile phone), high-grade products and collection, etc. According to the monitoring data of China electronic commerce research center of the market, in the first half of 2014 China's electricity network operators network market turnover shows mall occupy 57.4%, ranked second, occupy 21.1%, is located in the market
share is the third purchase up to 3.6%.According to the monitoring data of electronic commerce research center, China purchased overseas in 2013 top ten one of the most popular commodities including cosmetics, milk powder, cases, bags, etc. he cosmetic act as purchasing agency products more than 22% of the total, obviously than big than other products. Overseas purchasing platform for e-commerce sites provide consumers with information exchange, goods order confirmation and payment, and other functions, the operation mode of the purchased overseas roughly divided into three categories.
(1) Professional electrical business enterprises and cooperation
Most professional purchasing electricity companies have professional electronic trading platforms, foreign partners, international logistics partners as well as perfect after-sale pre-sale customer service center. Domestic electricity act as purchasing agency partners are divided into different situations, such as products for the United States purchase of specific act as purchasing agency network, there are some websites directly with B and C 2 C 2 C on international shopping platform for cooperation, act as purchasing agency web site in the United States, for example amazons, Macy’s online electricity products covering all the products in the field of circulation of the United States. On the basis of establish close cooperation with foreign partners, looking for fixed logistics company, and act as purchasing agency party can be a large number of the transport of the goods at a lower price to domestic, and be able to enjoy preferential treatment in foreign cooperation due to the tariff to offset the cost.
(2) By the private overseas act as purchasing agency model
Domestic C2C form of overseas act as purchasing agency works mainly has two kinds, one is by purchasing personnel in the name of the individual entity shop to buy abroad, after the goods carry back home or sent by post to domestic consumers. Second, the domestic act as purchasing agency personnel management enterprise with fixed establishment cooperation, overseas act as purchasing agency is responsible for procurement of goods and freight, received by the domestic business personnel and to consumers. Act as purchasing agency personnel in the name of the personal belongings of the freight to return home, the mode of transportation will typically
involve part or all of the tax evasion, easily affected by the customs supervision, in the act as purchasing agency items of the arrival of the goods time, act as purchasing agency costs, there is a risk, even by the risk of cargo was confiscated by completely.
(3) Outside the direct entry of international business
Professional electric business enterprise of the domestic and overseas cooperation and by private overseas act as purchasing agency model is a common mode of two kinds of overseas act as purchasing agency; the foreign merchant direct entry is already some international websites act as purchasing agency service behavior to our country. Act as purchasing agency personnel can only be responsible for international business order, international sites to be responsible for logistics. However, since in this mode of international logistics cost is higher, and consumers to goods logistics information can not be timely grasp and act as purchasing agency risk is higher, so this model is not common.
2 The mechanism of action of overseas act as purchasing agency
Overseas act as purchasing agency of commerce development in industrialization optimization perspective, the influence of commerce upstream industrial clusters involved: universal and special equipment manufacturing; Transportation equipment manufacturing industry; Electrical and mechanical manufacturing; Instrument and meter manufacturing; Transportation and warehousing; The postal service. Wholesale and retail; Accommodation catering industry; Leasing and business services; Comprehensive technical services, etc Downstream industry group include: producer services; Consumer products manufacturing; Consumer services; Processing industry of capital; Capital goods manufacturing; Power industry;The new energy industry;The new energy automotive industry;The new material manufacturing, etc.
The rapid development of overseas act as purchasing agency make the development of commercial and trade circulation industry affected by a lot of, mainly reflects in:
2.1 Enhance the international circulation market information symmetry, drive commerce promotion effect of consumption
Purchased overseas products pricing compared with the global prices of some
products is higher, in behalf of luxury goods for example, China's luxury and upscale product price is about 45% higher than the market average of Hong Kong, China, 51% higher than the price of the United States, 72% higher than the French luxury goods price. Overseas act as purchasing agency and the continuous development of information society, make China's consumers fully understand the product price difference of different country markets, overseas act as purchasing agency to drive the development of commerce information sharing, operating high-end products in the circulation industry can't keep the high price of luxury goods companies strategy, raising domestic product prices fall, prompting more consumers to buy products in China.
2.2 Overseas act as purchasing agency meet the personalized needs of consumers
To promote commerce product diversification and differential development. Purchased overseas products involving most of the products in the global industry, different from the traditional circulation industry, demand is provided by the seller; buy on his behalf by products to meet the personalized needs of consumers. Because customs supervision is not perfect, the part of domestic consumption going abroad, the commerce of consumer spends shunt. Purchased overseas product diversification enables consumers to gradually change the traditional consumption patterns, diversification of consumer demand has prompted commerce introduction and development of a variety of economic system structure of enterprise, establish a new type of ownership structure of commodities interflow and variety of the innovation of the mode of operation.
2.3 Consumers lose faith in their own brand gradually
Due to low quality inspection standards in China, a large number of domestic brands appear unqualified goods quality and in good condition after filling, consumers gradually to our country commodity brand trust declined significantly, although is the international brand licensing production of products, customers also questioned the quality of the goods. At the same time, foreign brand products of high quality standard, forming perfect credit system abroad. This makes consumers give up in the circulation market brand products in our country, increased the pursuit foreign brands, greatly
promoting the development of China's overseas act as purchasing agency.
2.4 Weaken the market competitiveness of domestic enterprises
Overseas act as purchasing agency shop is various, domestic e-commerce trading platform constantly open up foreign brand buy on behalf, has brought the huge impact to its brand, make the traditional commerce reduce the demand for domestic brands, indirect impact on the development of domestic brands. Such as milk powder, increasing domestic milk powder generation overseas in recent years, domestic milk powder enterprises form a larger impact to our country. Some domestic trade enterprises import and export business may not because of overseas act as purchasing agency through the normal import channels and lose market, dropping market share of commerce in logistics industry, logistics enterprises profit space compression. Because of the existence of overseas act as purchasing agency has kept the prices of some products regional difference product strategy not work, reduce the profits of the enterprise.
3 Conclusions
Overseas purchasing promote the optimized allocation of international resources, optimization of the consumption of the inhabitants of their choice, but can bring serious economic losses to countries, weakening national tariff protection ability, to the impact of domestic commerce, especially retailing. On the one hand, overseas act as purchasing agency for commerce has opened up a new e-commerce business model, enhance the circulation market of information communication, improve the circulation market mechanism, promote the development of commerce diversification and differentiation; Overseas act as purchasing agency, on the other hand, weakens the commerce consumption promoting effect, is not conducive to commercial and trade circulation industry of connection of the realization of the function of the production and consumption, hinder the commerce the establishment of the independent brand. Therefore, only will be purchased overseas rationalization and standardization, can urge its commercial and trade circulation industry structure upgrade and optimization. 译文
谈海外代购运营模式研究
Lurch R
摘要
随着跨境电子商务的不断发展，海外代购逐渐受到消费者的追捧。

海外代购提供具有价格优势和品牌优势的国际商品，满足消费者的个性化需求。

海外代购对本国相关企业尤其是零售企业造成严重冲击，削弱了商贸流通业的消费促进效应。

网络海外代购作为B2C电子商务中产生的一个细分市场,在网络消费中已逐渐为网民所接受。

它能避免国际性的个人购物环节中的问题,只需进入代购网站,选定商品后,直接支付,无需国际信用卡、无需麻烦国外亲友转寄。

海外商品的消费者不但要考虑到产品质量、价格、售后服务等差异,还要综合国家政策、性价比、售后维权、技术支持等因素。

关键词：海外代购；电子商务平台；商贸流通业
1 海外代购的发展现状及运营模式
1.1 现状
网络海外代购是基于网络消费者对其他国家商品的需求,通过大型社区论坛、综合电子商务网站代购平台、专业的网络代购商“中转”等各种方式使消费者购买到海外的商品。

网络代购主要有专业的海外代购B2C 网站和依附于大的购物网站的C2C 网店个人代购两种形式。

当代购量比较大,采购时间比较集中,为了节约费用,可由真人代购。

真人代购代购人大多精通外语；空姐、留学生等熟悉进出口市场。

目前,独立性最强的就是企业自行建设网上销售平台来推广运营,利用营销网络实现配送或者配送业务外包给第三方平台。

一些贸易公司通过国际物流进口国外电子产品、化妆品、日用商品,为逃避邮递渠道关税,通过活跃在深港交界处的一批“水客”将进口货物拆分成多票,伪报为个人物品,利用个人物品免税额优惠规定,通过旅检渠道进境,逃避国家对进口货物的管理。

海外代购分为熟人海外代购和电子海外代购，熟人海外代购出现在消费者熟人和亲属之间，并不是以盈利为目的的代购方式。

电子海外代购指的是以电子商务为媒介，基于国际物流和互联网为购买者提供代理购买国外品牌产品的服务并收取相关费用。

与传统的电子商务和国际间进行的贸易相比，海外代购的特点主要是：一是具有一般网络购物的特征；二是可以为海外商品的境内需求提供方便
快捷和较为安全的购买渠道，消除国际间产品和服务的国境屏障；三是海外代购提供个性化的服务来满足消费者的特定需求，以寻求差异化发展为目标。

1.2 海外代购运营模式分析
目前本国的外代购电商平台涉及代购的产品有日常用品、食品（如奶粉、保健品）、电子消费品（如苹果电脑、手机）、高档品和收藏品等。

根据市场监测数据，海外代购最受欢迎的商品前十位包括化妆品、奶粉、箱包等。

其中化妆品占据代购产品总量的22% 以上，明显比其它产品的比重大。

海外代购的电商网站平台为消费者提供信息交流、货物确认和订单支付等功能，海外代购的运营模式大致分为三类。

（1）专业电商企业的境内外合作
大部分专业的代购电商企业拥有专业的电子交易平台、国外的合作商、国际性的物流合作商以及完善的售后售前客服中心。

境内电商的代购合作方也分为不同情况，比如针对美国的产品进行专门代购的博购网，也有一些网站直接与国际上B 2 C 和 C 2 C的购物平台合作，以美国代购的网站为例亚马逊、MACY 等网上电商的产品覆盖美国流通领域中的所有产品。

在与国外合作方建立紧密合作基础上，寻找固定的物流公司，代购方就可以将大批的货物以较低的价格运输到本国，并能够享受国外合作给予的优惠用以弥补由于关税带来的成本。

（2）由私人国外代购的模式
本国C2C形式的海外代购的运作方式主要有两种，一是由代购人员以个人的名义在国外的实体店进行购买，之后将货物携带回国或邮递给本国的消费者。

二是本国的经营企业与固定的代购人员建立合作，国外代购人员进行采购商品和负责货运，由本国的经营人员接收并转交给消费者。

代购人员以私人物品的名义货运回国，这些运输方式一般会涉及部分或全部的逃税，容易受到海关监管力度的影响，在代购物品的到货时间、代购成本方面存在一定的风险，甚至会遭受货物被完全没收的风险。

（3）境外国际商家的直接入境
专业电商企业的境内外合作与由私人国外代购的模式是常见的两种海外代购模式，国外商家直接入境是针对一些已经开展对本国服务的国际网站代购行为。

代购人员可以只负责对国际商家下单，（完整译文请到百度文库）让国际网
站负责物流。

然而，由于在这种模式下的国际物流成本较高，并且代购商和消费者对货物物流信息不能及时掌握，所以代购风险较高，这种模式并不常见。

2 海外代购的作用机制
海外代购对商贸流通业发展的影响在产业化优化视角下，商贸流通业上游产业群涉及：通用、专用的设备制造业；交通运输设备的制造业；电气、机械制造业；仪器仪表制造业；交通运输和仓储业；邮政业；批发零售业；住宿餐饮业；租赁和商务服务业；综合技术服务业等。

下游产业群包含：生产性服务业；消费品制造业；消费性服务业；资本加工业；资本品制造业；动力生产业；新能源产业；新能源汽车产业；新材料制造业等。

海外代购的迅猛发展使得商贸流通业的发展受到很大的影响，主要体现在：2.1增强国际流通市场信息对称，带动商贸流通业的消费促进效应
海外代购产品中一些产品的定价相比全球价格较高，以代购奢侈品为例，美国的价格比法国奢侈品价格高出72%。

海外代购和信息社会不断发展，使得本国消费者充分了解不同国家不同市场的产品价格差，海外代购的发展带动商贸流通业信息的共享，使流通业中经营高档品的奢侈品企业的高价策略无法维持，最终促使本国产品价格下降，促使本国更多消费者购买产品。

2.2海外代购满足消费者的个性化需求
促使商贸流通业产品多样化和差异化发展。

海外代购产品涉及全球行业的大部分产品，与传统流通业不同，是由卖家提供需求，由代购商代为购买产品以满足消费者的个性化需求。

由于关税监督不完善，使得部分本国消费流向国外，将商贸流通业中的消费支出分流。

海外代购产品多样化使得消费者逐渐转变传统的消费方式，消费者多样化需求会促使商贸流通业引进和发展多种经济体制的企业结构，建立新型的商贸流通所有制结构和多种经营方式的创新。

2.3消费者对本国的品牌逐渐失去信任
由于本国质检标准较低，大量的本国品牌商品质量出现不合格和以差充好的情况之后，消费者逐渐对本国商品的品牌信任度大大下降，尽管是国际品牌授权生产的产品，消费者也会质疑商品的质量。

与此同时，国外品牌产品的质检标准较高，国外成型的信用体系完善。

这就使本国消费者放弃流通市场中的品牌产品，加大了对国外的品牌追求，大大促进海外代购的发展。

2.4削弱本土企业的市场竞争力
海外代购网店繁多，本土的电子商务交易平台不断开辟他国品牌代购，给本国品牌带来了巨大冲击，使得传统商贸流通业减少对本国品牌的需求，间接影响了本国品牌的发展。

比如奶粉，近年来本国奶粉海外代购量不断增加，对本国本国奶粉企业形成较大的冲击。

一些本国贸易企业的进出口业务可能因为海外代购不通过正常的进口渠道而失去市场，使商贸流通业中物流业的市场份额下降，压缩物流企业的利润空间。

由于海外代购的存在，使得一些产品的地区差异价格产品策略失去作用，减少企业的利润。

3 结论
海外代购促进国际间资源的优化配置、优化本国的居民的消费选择，但是会给国家带来严重的经济损失，削弱国家关税保护能力，对本国商贸流通业尤其是零售业造成冲击。

一方面，海外代购为商贸流通业开辟了全新的电子商务经营模式，加强了商贸流通市场的信息交流，完善流通市场机制，促进商贸流通业多元化和差异化发展；另一方面，海外代购削弱了商贸流通业的消费促进效应，不利于商贸流通业的连接生产和消费的功能实现，阻碍商贸流通业自主品牌的建立。

因此，只有将海外代购进行合理化和规范化，才能促使本国商贸流通业的结构升级和优化。