高中英语省略句讲练.

高中英语省略句讲练

为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）

种类例句说明

主语的省略

Beautiful day (= It is a

beautiful day, isn’t it?

Pity we live so far from the

sea. (It is a pity we live so far

from the sea.

有时也可省略整个句子的

主语和谓语，只保留次要

成分。

She was poor but (she

was honest.

--Did you know

anything about the

accident?

--Not until you told me.

(= I didn’t know

anything about it until

you told me.

谓语的省略

--what do you think made

Mary so upset?

--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset.

状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it

is seen from the plane, the

house looks like tiny toys.

If (it is possible, I’ll go there

with you.

注意状语从句中的主语同

主句主语的一致性。

不定式的省略

The boy wanted to ride his

bicycle in the street, but his

mother told him not to. (not to

ride his bicycle in the street.

--Alice, why didn’t you come

yesterday?

--I was going to (come

yesterday, but I had an

unexpected visitor.

若不定式后面是完成时，

省略时应保留have；不定

式后含有动词be的结构

时，也要保留be动词。

--Did you tell him the

news?

--I ought to have (told

him the news, but I

didn’t know how to

speak.

--Are you an engineer?

--No, but I want to be.

Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法

一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

1、 when，while引导的时间状语从句

e.g. Do be careful when (you are crossing the street.

When/While (I was on my way to work, I met her.

2、 if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句

e.g. If (it is properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

I’ll not go to the party unless (I am invited.

Once (you are caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.

3、 though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句

e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was poor.

Whether (she is sick or well, she is always cheerful.

No matter how/However hard the task (is, we must fulfill it in time.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）

4、 as if，as though引导的方式状语从句

e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was waking up after a long sleep.

He stood up as if/though (he wanted to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）

二、 than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is.

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence in him.

三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

e.g. If (it is possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.

There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are any.

Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom you visited last night is my grandpa.

I don’t like the way (in which/that you treat the girl.