(完整版)专四练习(独立主格结构)

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(完整word版)专四语法之独立主格

独立主格结构（Nominative Absolute Structure/ Absolute Construction）由名词或代词主格+ -ing分词、-ed分词、形容词、副词或介词词组等成分组成, 通常在句中起状语从句的作用。

它多见于文学体裁, 能使句子结构紧凑, 形象具体, 描述生动。

1）I.如果独立分词结构表示时间、原因、条件等, 在翻译时, 根据具体的情况可加适当的连词如“因为”, “由于”, “当……”,“……之后”, “如果”, “只要”等, 然后译成状语从句。

例如:2）Th.mea.over，w.bega.t.wor.again.3）吃完饭后, 我们又开始工作了。

4）Weathe.permitting.th.sport.meetin.wil.b.hel.o.Friday..5）如果天气允许的话, 运动会将在星期五举行。

6）Ther.bein.n.coffe.left.the.ha.t.mak.d.wit.tea.7）因为没有咖啡了, 他们只好用茶凑合。

8）Th.presiden.assassinated.th.whol.countr.wa.i.dee.sorrow.总统遭暗杀了，国人都沉浸在深深的悲痛中。

9）Al.flight.havin.bee.cancele.becaus.o.th.snowstorm.w.decide.t.ta k.th.train.因为暴风雨的缘故, 所有的航班都取消了, 我们于是决定坐火车。

Wit.academi.categorie.bein.wha.the.are.th.historia.rarel.tangle.wit.psycho logists.由于各学术领域往往自成一体，历史学家很少会与心理学家发生纠葛。

(..“介词with或without+名词+分词/形容词/副词/介词词组”一致)H.cam.int.th.room.hi.ear.re.wit.cold.他走进房间，耳朵都冻红了。

独立主格练习题及答案

独立主格练习题及答案1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. them2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB. asC. WithD. Since3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB. whoC. whomD. which4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about00,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over00 years old.A. whichB. thatC. themD. it5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.A. was; givenB. was; to giveC. being; givenD. being; to give6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding;covered D. held; covering7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________.A. flowed in the breezeB. was flowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in the breeze8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. the others1. D。

(完整word版)独立主格结构练习题

1 The children went home from grammar school, their lesson _________ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished2 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched3 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed4 The growing speed of a plants is influenced by a number of factors, _________ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that5 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _________, he gladly accepted it.A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished6 --Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.--Sorry. With so much work __________ my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled7 With a lot of difficult problems __________, the newly-elected president is havinga hard time.A. settledB. settingC. to settleD. being settled8 ______________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walkB. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked9 ___________, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality.A. General speakingB. Speaking GeneralC. Generally speakingD. Speakinggenerally10 _____________, the play isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.A. Generally speakingB. On the contraryC. In particularD. To be honest1解：B 题干前后两部分被逗号隔开，且没有连词连接，说明这句话既不是复合句，也不是并列句，而是一个含有独立主格结构的简单句。

专四语法及练习-独立主格1

• 2. 名词（代词）+过去分词 • The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。 • The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. • 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。 • More time given, we should have done the job much better. • 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 • 3. 名词（代词）+不定式 • Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. • 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。 • So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. • 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式
• 1. 名词（代词）+现在分词 • The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。现在分词的被动式可以做原因状语放句首。 • We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. • 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。 • The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. • 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
• 6. There being +名词（代词） • There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 • There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. • 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 • 7. It being +名词（代词） • It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. • 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 • It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了

独立主格试题及答案

独立主格试题及答案1. 独立主格结构通常用来表示一个与主句有逻辑联系但又不构成从句关系的附加信息。

2. 下面是一些独立主格结构的练习题，请根据题目要求完成句子。

3. 练习题：- 3.1. 他匆匆忙忙地离开了，没有留下任何消息。

答案：He left in a hurry, leaving no message behind.- 3.2. 她静静地坐着，眼睛盯着窗外。

答案：She sat quietly, her eyes fixed on the window.- 3.3. 学生们在教室里讨论，老师在黑板上写字。

答案：The students were discussing in the classroom, the teacher writing on the blackboard.- 3.4. 他躺在床上，手里拿着一本书。

答案：He lay in bed, a book in his hand.- 3.5. 雨下得很大，我们决定推迟野餐。

答案：It was raining heavily, so we decided to postpone the picnic.4. 注意事项：- 4.1. 独立主格结构中的主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式。

- 4.2. 若是被动关系，则使用过去分词形式。

- 4.3. 独立主格结构可以有自己独立的状语、定语或补语。

5. 独立主格结构的构成：- 5.1. 名词/代词 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。

- 5.2. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。

6. 独立主格结构的使用场景：- 6.1. 用于表示时间、原因、条件、让步等。

- 6.2. 用于强调某一动作或状态。

7. 练习题答案解析：- 7.1. 答案解析：leaving no message behind 是独立主格结构，表示他离开时没有留下消息。

- 7.2. 答案解析：her eyes fixed on the window 是独立主格结构，表示她的眼睛盯着窗外。

专四练习之语法(非谓语动词,独立结构)

III.悬垂分词(专四应该考不到,超纲)
顾名思义，分词通常通过它的逻辑主语对句子发生作用，如
Sitting at the back as we are, we can’t hear a word.
The hunter saw a huge lion drinking at the spring.
Forget, go on, leave off, mean, regret, remember, stop
Mean doing 意味着 Mean to do 打算…
Regret to do/ doing
5）不定式同疑问词一起作宾语（v.+疑问词+to do)时常用的动词包括：
With +n./pron.+ doing/done/prep.
With book in hand
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词
短语
(作逻辑主语)
(作逻辑谓语)
（二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词；
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone is tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

英语专业四级独立主格(打印)

专四语法（独立主格）概念：独立主格是由名词和代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。

独立结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

“独立主格结构”。

实质就是带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。

独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式；名词（代词）+介词短语构成。

独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

使用独立主格的结构的注意事项（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。

如：After class was over (=class being over/ class over), the students soon left the classroom.（2）在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略：a) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。

如：It being Sunday, we went to church.b) 在There being +名词的结构中。

如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。

如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. (比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.（4）独立主格结构没有所有格形式。

如The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.(比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.)（5）独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。

1994-2005年专四语法真题1 +key

1994-2005年专四语法真题（分类1）I.独立主格结构1. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop.a. isb. beenc. bed. being TEM-4 20032. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.a. permitb. permittingc. permittedd. permits TEM-4 20033. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.a. to beb. to have beenc. beingd. be 20004. _____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.a. There wasb. Sincec. Beingd. There being 19965. The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ______the most important of these.a. have beenb. arec. beingd. are being 1994Answers: d b c d cII. 定语从句1. Above the trees are the hills, _______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.a. whereb. of whosec. whosed. which 20032. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _____is something we had not expected.a. whichb. itc. thatd. what 20033. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _______ he was twenty years ago.a. whichb. thatc. whod. whom 20034. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______should make great differences in our life next summer.a. whichb. whatc. thatd. they 20025. Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?a. by whichb. thatc. in whered. where 20026. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _______is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.a. whoseb. asc. whatd. that 20007. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city _______.a. I’d most like to visitb. which I like to visit mostlyc. where I like to visitd. I’d like much to visit 19998.She remembered several occasions in the past ____she had experienced a similar feeling.a. whichb. beforec. thatd. when 19989. The physicist has made a discovery, _____of great importance to the progress of science and technology.a. I think which isb. that I think isc. which I think isd. I think that is 199710. I have never been to London, but that is the city_______.a. where I like to visit mostb. I’d mos t like to visitc. which I like to visit mostlyd. where I’d like most to visit 199711. This company has now introduced a policy _____pay rises are related to performance at work.a. whichb. wherec. whetherd. what 199612. Only take these clothes ______really necessary.a. as wereb. as they arec. as they wered. as are 199413. _____ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.a. Thatb. Itc. Thisd. As 1994Answers: 12Such men as he (is) are rare now.现在像他这样的人很少了.1-5: c a b a d 6-10: d a d c b 11-13: b b dIII. 状语从句让步状语从句1. _______I like economics I like sociology much better.a. As much asb. So muchc. How muchd. Much as 20032. Fool _______Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.a. whob. asc. thatd. like 20023. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to h elp them out of the difficulties.a. as long asb. asc. while （虽然although）d. even 20014. _____he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.a. Much asb. Much thoughc. As muchd. Though much 19985. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.a. Instead of his notable contributionsb. For all his notable contributions（for all+n 尽管）c. His making notable contributionsd. However his notable contributions 19976. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. 2005A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialistAnswers: 1-5: d b c a b 6-10 a结果状语从句1. -----Does Alan like limburgers?-----Yes. So much ______ that he eats thema. forb. asc. tod. so 20032. The brilliance of his satires was _____make even his victims laugh.a. so as tob. such as toc. so thatd. such that 1996Answers: d b方式状语从句1. She did her work _____her manager had instructed.a. asb. untilc. whend. though 2002Answers: a原因状语从句1. Mr. White works with a chemicals import and export company, but he _____for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.a. has workedb. worksc. has been workingd. is working 1998Answers: d (此题选项主要是时态方面的，但能否做出正确选择取决于对since从句的判断)条件状语从句1. Y ou won’t get a loan ______ you can offer some security.a. lestb. in casec. unlessd. other than 19962. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.a. Havingb. Givenc. Givingd. Had 19963. ___ _ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.a. Unlessb. Asc. Thoughd. Since 1995Answers: 1-5: c b a ( unless=if not; If I was not very much mistaken...)比较状语从句1. The experiment requires more money than _______.a. have been put inb. being put inc. has been put ind. to be put in 20022. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ____ in the public mind today.a. existsb. existc. existingd. to exist 19993. T he indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than ______.a. is necessaryb. being necessaryc. to be necessaryd. it is necessary 1998Answers: 1-3：c a a (提示：than = than what; 记住：than 后跟的是比较状语从句)IV．名词性从句同位语从句1. There is no doubt ______the company has made the right decision on the sales project.a. whyb. thatc. whetherd. when 2001Answer: b表语从句1. Intellect is to the mind _______sight is to the body.a. whatb. asc. thatd. like 20012. He is _____as a “bellyacher”—he’s always complaining about something.a. who is knownb. whom is knownc. what is knownd. which is known 1999 Answer: a c宾语从句1. Who _______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?a. you saidb. did you sayc. did you say thatd. you did say 20032. After ____ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.a. thatb. therec. whatd. it 19993. The team can handle whatever______.a. that needs handlingb. which needs handlingc. it needs handlingd. needs to be handled 19974. We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy.a. whomeverb. whoc. whomd. whoever 19945. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area. (2004)A. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. whereverAnswers: 1-5: b c d d cIV. 比较级和最高级1. Fat cannot change into muscle ______muscle changes into fat.a. any more thanb. no more thanc. no less thand. much more than 19992. It is not so much the language ______the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.a. butb. norc. asd. like 19993. John is______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.a. no lessb. no morec. not lessd. no so 19984. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner_____ to the professor.a. as far asb. the same asc. as much asd. as long as 19985. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _____Eastern Nebraska.a. inb. it receives inc. doesd. it does in 19966. ______ the two, Bob is ______student.a. Of, more diligentb. In, more diligentc. Of, the more diligentd. In, much more diligent 19957. She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them ______conspicuous.a. all the moreb. all the muchc. all mored. all much 19948. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent. (2004)A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than9. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to the truck. (2004)A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD. the greater the stress10. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim. 2005A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsmanAnswers: 1-5: a c a c c(倒装) 6-10: c a a a bV. 虚拟语气1. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _____for that.a. for us to be preparedb. that we are preparedc. of us to be preparedd. our being prepared 20032. _____for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.a. Had it not beenb. Hadn’t it beenc. Was it notd. Were it not 20023. “What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I don’t know. But it’s about time ______on something.”a. I’d decideb. I decidedc. I decided. I’m deciding 20024. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ______quite such a crowd of people there.a. weren’tb. hasn’t beenc. hadn’t beend. wouldn’t be 20005. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____able to write letters in English.a. should beb. werec. must bed. are 19996. If your car _____any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.a. shall needb. should needc. would needd. will need 19987. He left orders that nothing ______touched until the police arrived here.a. should beb. ought to bec. must bed. would be 19988. I was to have made a speech if______.a. I was not called awayb. nobody would have called me awayc. I had not been called awayd. nobody called me away 19979. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.a. would enjoyb. will have enjoyedc. would have enjoyedd. will be enjoying 199610. We could _____him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.a. provideb. have providedc. not provided. not have provided 199511. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly.a. Hadn’t he been taken good care ofb. Had he not been taken good care ofc. Had not he been taken good care ofd. Had he been not taken good care of 199512. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.a. Unlessb. But forc. Except ford. Not for 199413. It was recommended that passengers _____smoke during the flight.a. notb. need notc. could notd. would not 199414. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.a. If I realizedb. Had I realizedc. I realized thatd. As I realized 199415. ____, I’ll marry him all the same. 2004A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor16.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? 2004A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised17. It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time. 2004A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in18. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him. 2005A. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…tookD. has betrayed…take19. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. 2005A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, hadAnswers: 1-5: a a b c b 6-10: b a c c b 11-15: b b a b d 16-20 aabc。

完整版专四TEM4语法真题练习

专四语法真题I. 独立主格结构1. Agriculture is the country ' s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cerealcrop.a. isb. beenc. bed. being TEM-4 20032. Time ___ , the celebration will be held as scheduled.a. permitb. permittingc. permittedd. permits TEM-4 20033. There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.a. to beb. to have beenc. beingd. be 20004. ___ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.a. There wasb. Sincec. Beingd. There being 19965. The country ' s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _______ the most important ofthese.a. have beenb. arec. beingd. are being 1994II. 定语从句1. Above the trees are the hills, _____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.a. whereb. of whosec. whosed. which 20032. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, issomething we had not expected.a. whichb. itc. thatd. what 20033. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ________ he was twentyyears ago.a. whichb. thatc. whod. whom 20034. The experiment requires more money than _____ .a. have been put inb. being put inc. has been put ind. to be put in 20025. We've just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _________ should make greatdifferences in our life next summer.a. whichb. whatc. thatd. they 20026. Have you ever been in a situation ____ you know the other person is right yet you cannotagree with him?a. by whichb. thatc. in whered. where 20027. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ____ is needed for qualitycontrol can be substantially reduced.a. whoseb. asc. whatd. that 20008. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than __ in thepublic mind today.a. existsb. existc. existingd. to exist 19999. I 've never been to Lhasa, but tha'st the city __ .a. I 'd most like to visitb. which I like to visit mostlyc. where I like to visitd. I 'd like much to visit 199910. After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel mana'gseorffice.a. thatb. therec. whatd. it 199911. She remembered several occasions in the past __ she had experienced a similar feeling.a. whichb. beforec. thatd. when 199812. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than ____ .a. is necessaryb. being necessaryc. to be necessaryd. it is necessary 199813. The physicist has made a discovery, ___ of great importance to the progress of science andtechnology.a. I think which isb. that I think isc. which I thinkd. which I think is 199714. I have never been to London, but that is the city _____ .a. where I like to visit mostb. I 'd most like to visitc. which I like to visit mostlyd. where I'd like most to visit 199715. This company has now introduced a policy ___ pay rises have related to performance at work.a. whichb. wherec. whetherd. what 199616. Only take these clothes ____ really necessary.a. as wereb. as they arec. as they wered. as are 199417. __ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussionproduced no concrete proposals.a. Thatb. Itc. Thisd. As 1994III. 从句让步状语从句1. _____ I like economics I like sociology much better.a. As much asb. So muchc. How muchd. Much as 20032. Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.a. whob. asc. thatd. like 20023. ___ I sympathize, I can't really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.a. as long asb. asc. whiled. even 20014. __ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.a. Much asb. Much thoughc. As muchd. Though much 19985. __ , he is ready to accept suggestions form different sources.a. Instead of his notable contributionsb. For all his notable contributionsc. His making notable contributionsd. However his notable contributions 1997 结果状语从句1. --- D oes Alan like limburgers?---- Y es. So much _____ that he eats thema. forb. asc. tod. so 20032. The brilliance of his satires was ___ m ake even his victims laugh.a. so as tob. such as toc. so thatd. such that 1996方式状语从句She did her work ___ her manager had instructed.a. asb. untilc. whend. though 2002同位语从句There is no doubt ____ the company has made the right decision on the sales project.a. whyb. thatc. whetherd. when 2001 表语从句He is ____ a s a“bellyacher”—he's always complaining about something.a. who is knownb. whom is knownc. what is knownd. which is known 1999 宾语从句1. The team can handle whatever ____ .a. that needs handlingb. which needs handlingc. it needs handlingd. needs to be handled 19972. We can assign the task to ____ is capable and trustworthy.a. whomeverb. whoc. whomd. whoever 1994 原因状语从句Mr. White works with a chemicals import and export company, but he ____ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.a. has workedb. worksc. has been workingd. is working 1998条件状语从句1. You won't get a loan _____ you can offer some security.a. lestb. in casec. unlessd. other than 19962. ___ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.a. Havingb. Givenc. Givingd. Had 19963. ___ _ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.a. Unlessb. Asc. Thoughd. Since 1995IV. 比较级和最高级1. Your ideas, _____ , seem unusual to me.a. like herb. like hersc. similar to herd. similar to herself 20032. Intellect is to the mind _____ sight is to the body.a. whatb. asc. thatd. like 20013. Fat cannot change into muscle ____ muscle changes into fat.a. any more thanb. no more thanc. no less thand. much more than 19994. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.a. butb. norc. asd. like 1999 5. John is ____ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.a. no lessb. no morec. not lessd. no so 1998 6. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor. a. as far as b. the same as c. as much as d. as long as 1998a. all the moreb. all the muchc. all mored. all much V. 虚拟语气1. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ___ for that.a. for us to be preparedb. that we are preparedc. of us to be preparedd. our being prepared 20032. ___ f or the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.a. Had it not beenb. Hadn 't it beenc. Was it notd. Were it not 20023. “What courses are you going to do next semeste ”r? “I don 't know. But it 's about time ____ on something ”.a. I 'd decideb. I decidedc. I decided. I 'm deciding 20024. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ________ quite such a crowd of people there.a. weren 'tb. hasn 't beenc. hadn 't beend. wouldn 't be 20005. If you have really been studying English for so long, it 's about time you ____ able to write letters in English.a. should beb. werec. must bed. are 19996. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. a. shall need b. should need c. would need d. will need7. ___ e nough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given 19988. He left orders that nothing ____ touched until the police arrived here.7. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ____in b. it receives inc. doesd. it does in a. 8. a. c. 9. _____ the two, Bob is _Of, more diligent Of, themore diligent She hastaken great_____ conspicuous.student. Eastern Nebraska. 1996b. In, more diligent d. In, much more diligent pains to conceal her emotions, 1995 and thereby made them 1994 1998a. should beb. ought to bec. must bed. would be 19989. I was to have made a speech if ___ .a. I was not called awayb. nobody would have called me awayc. I had not been called awayd. nobody called me away 199710. I __ the party much more if there hadn't been quite such a crowd of people there.a. would enjoyb. will have enjoyedc. would have enjoyedd. will be enjoying 199611. We could ___ h im wit a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for asmall flat.a. provideb. have providedc. not provided. not have provided 199512. ___ , he would not have recovered so quickly.a. Hadn't he been taken good care ofb. Had he not been taken good care ofc. Had not he been taken good care ofd. Had he been not taken good care of 199513. ___ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.a. Unlessb. But forc. Except ford. Not for 199414. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.a. notb. need notc. could notd. would not 199415. ____ y ou were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.a. If I realizedb. Had I realizedc. I realized thatd. As I realized 1994VI. 反意疑问句1. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____ ?a. hadn't sheb. hasn't shec. wouldn't shed. didn't she 20032. Do help yourself to some fruit, ____ you?a. can'tb. don'tc. wouldn 'td. won't 20003. When you have finished with that video tape, don't forget to put it in my drawer, _ ?a. do youb. will youc. don't youd. won't you 19984. You and I could hardly understand, ____ ?a. could Ib. couldn't youc. couldn't wed. could we 1995VII. 一致主谓一致1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because __ going to agree upon anything today.a. neither you nor I areb. neither you nor me isc. neither you nor I amd. neither me nor you are2003VIII. 时态现在完成进行时1. Jack _____ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.a. has been missingb. has been missedc. had been missingd. was missed 20032. For some time now, world leaders ____ o ut the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.a. had been pointingb. have been pointingc. were pointingd. pointed 2002 现在进行时1. How can I ever concentrate if you ____ c ontinually ____ me with silly questions?a. have…in terruptedb. had …in terruptedc. are…in terrupti ngd. were …in terrupti ng 1997 IX. 插入语1. Who _____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?a. you saidb. did you sayc. did you say thatd. you did say 2003X. 副词1. She managed to save ______ she could out of her wages to help her brother.a. how little moneyb. so little moneyc. such little moneyd. what little money 20022. His strong sense of humor was ______ m ake everyone in the room burst out laughing.a. so as tob. such as toc. so thatd. such that 19983. I felt that I was not yet _____ to travel abroad.a. too strongb. strong enoughc. so strong d enough strong 1997幻.不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词1. AIDS is said ____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years inthe region.a. beingb. to bec. to have beend. having been 20022. _____ is not a serious disadvantage in life.a. To be not tallb. Not to be tallc. Being not talld. Not being tall 20013. _____ him tomorrow?a. Why not to call onb. Why don'tcall onc. Why not calling ond. Why not call on 20014. _____ at in this way, the present economic situation does'tnseem so gloomy.a. Lookingb. Lookedc. Having lookedd. To look 20005. This is an illness that can result in total blindness ______ left untreated.a. afterb. ifc. sinced. unless 20006. Professor Johnson is said _____ some significant advance in his research in the past year.a. having madeb. makingc. to have maded. to make 19997. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country,_____ by the police each time.a. had been capturedb. being always capturedc. only to be capturedd. unfortunately captured 19998. The Clarks haven't decided yet which hotel ____.a. to stayb. is to stayc. to stay atd. is for staying 19989. ____ , he can now only watch it on TV at home.a. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchb. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchc. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchd. Not obtained a ticket for the match 199810. He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ____ i nsufficiently poplar withall members.a. having consideredb. was consideredc. was being consideredd. being considered 199611. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals __ inAfrica.a. huntedb. huntingc. that huntedd. are hunted 199612. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid .a. from being beatenb. being beatenc. beatingd. to be beaten 199613. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a ropeladder _____ out and three men climbing down it.a. throwingb. being thrownc. having thrownd. having been thrown 199514. He resented ____ to wait. He expected the minister ______ him at once.a. to be asked, to seeb. being asked, to seec. to be asked, seeingd. being asked, seeing 199515. This missile is designed so that once ___ nothing can be done to retrieve it.a. firedb. being firedc. they firedd. having fired 199516. Arriving at the bus stop, ____ waiting there.a. a lot of people wereb. he found a lot of peoplec. a lot of peopled. people were found 199417. ___ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.a. Not receivedb. Since receivingc. Having receivedd. Not having received 1994XII. 代词1. ____ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.a. Noneb. Bothc. Neitherd. All 20022. It was as a physician that he represented himself, and ___ he was warmly received.a. as suchb. such asc. as thatd. so that 1997XIII . 平行结构1. Even as a girl, ____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.a. performing by Melissa wereb. it was known that Melissa's performances werec. knowing that Melissa's performances wered. Melissa knew that performing was 2001xw.情态动词1. You ____ Jim anything about. It was none of his business.a. needn‘t have toldb. needn't tellc. mustn't have toldd. mustn't tell 20002. He _____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.a. may have actedb. must have actedc. should actd. would act 19993. Mush as _____ , I couldn 'le t nd him the money because I simply didn't have that much spare cash.a. I would have liked tob. I would like to havec. I should have to liked. I should have liked to 19994. You ____ Mark anything. It was none of his business.a. needn't have toldb. needn't tellc. mustn't have toldd. mustn't tell 19985. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.a. need not have dressed upb. must not have dressed upc. did not need to dress upd. must not dress up 19966. The meeting's been cancelled. Ann ___ all that work.a. need to dob. need havec. needn't have doned. needed not to do 19957. “She must be in the dormitory now. ”“No, she be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.”a. mustn'tb. can'tc. couldn'td. wouldn't 19948. He ____ the 8:20 bus because he did'tnleave home till 8:25.a. couldn't have caughtb. ought to have caughtc. shouldn't have caughtd. must not have caught 1994xv.It的用法1. Come and see me whenever _____ .a. you are convenientb. you will be convenientc. it is convenient to youd. it will be convenient to you 1997xw. 冠词1. The idea of traveling through ____ space to other planets interests many people today.a. ab. thec. /d. one 19952. ___human problems that repeat themselves in __ life repeat themselves in ___ literature.a. /, /, theb. /, the, /c. The ,/ ,/d. The, the, the 1994xw.省略1. Acute heari ng helps most ani mals sense theapproach of thun derstorms long before peoplea. dob. hearc. do themd. heari ng it 20002. The cen tral provin ces have floods in some years, and ____ .2000a. drought in othersb. droughts are othersc. while other droughtsd. others in droughtxw.强调句型1. It was not un til midni ght _____ the sno wcapped peak.a. that they sightedb. that they did not sightc. did they sightd. had they sighted 1995XK .倒装1. He is not un der arrest, ____ any restricti on on him.a. or the police have placedb. or have the police placedc. nor the police have placedd. nor have the police place 19952. So badly _____ in the car accide nt that he had to stay in hospital for a few mon ths.a. did he injureb. injured him c was he injured d. he was injured 199441. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn 'bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of tale nt.A. so much asB. rather tha nC. asD. tha n42. __ , I'll marry him all the same.A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor43. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to easethe hardships of the victims in the flood-stricke n area.A. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. wherever44. __ if I had arrived yesterday without letti ng you know beforeha nd?A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you bee n surprisedD. Would you have bee n surprised45. If not ___ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. hav ing bee n treated46. It is imperative that stude nts __ their term papers on time.A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. han ded in47. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ___ to the truck.A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD. the greater the stress48. The Mini ster of Finance is believed ___ of impos ing new taxes to raise extra reve nue.A. that he is thi nkingB. to be thi nkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think49. Issues of price, place, promoti on, and product are __ conven ti onal concerns in pla nning marketi ng strategies.A. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. among the many of50. __ both sides accept the agreeme nt ____ a lasti ng peace be established in this regi on.A. On ly if, willB. If only, wouldC. Should, willD. U nless, would51. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ___ for Europe this after noon.A. are to leaveB. are leav ingC. is leav ingD. leave51. If you expla ined the situati on to your solicitor, he ______ able to advise you much bettertha n I can.A. would beB. will have bee nC. wasD. were52. ________ , Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the worki ng class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Eve n if he is a socialistC. Bei ng a socialistD. Since he is a socialist53. His remarks were _______ annoy everybody at the meeti ng.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to54. James has just arrived, but I didn ' t know he ___________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had bee n comingD. came55. ________ con scious of my moral obligati ons as a citize n.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had bee n and always will beD. I have bee n and always will be56. Because fuel supplies are fin ite and many people are wasteful, we will have to in stall solar heati ng device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of57. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasi on whe n I ______ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make58. I know he failed his last test, but really he ' s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but59. Do you know Tim ' s brother? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman60. That was not the first time he _________ us. I think it 'hsigh time we __________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed …takeB. had betrayed …tookC. has betrayed …tookD. has betrayed …take61. What 's the chance of ________ a geneeleracltion this year?A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be62. The meeting was put off because we _________ a meeting without John.A. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having63. ______ you ______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had64. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ______ that he paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if65. Children who stay away from school do _______ for different reasons.A. themB. /C. itD. theirs66. -Why are you stari ng?-I ' ve never seen ______ tree before.A. kind ofB. that kind ofC. such kindD. such51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A. AlthoughB. whateverC. AsD. However52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might53. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which54. It ' s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stopD. stop55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A. has foundB. was findingC. had foundD. would find56 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech. A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have57. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should thinkB. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking58. Susan is very hard-working, but her pay is not__ for her work.A. enough goodB. good enoughC. as good enoughD. good as enough59. It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has to60. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A. no such aB. not suchC. not such aD. no such61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk ___ far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as62. The statistics ___ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.A. not countingB. not to countC. don' t countD. having not counted64. It was __ we had hoped.A. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A. didn 't itB. doesn' t thereC. usedn' t it?D. didn ' t there（四）51. There are as good fish in the sea ____ ever came out of it.A. thanB. likeC. asD. so52. All the President 'Mesn ____ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining53. “ You ___ borrow my notes provided you take care of them, I told my frie”nd.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can54. If only the patient ____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving55. Linda was ___ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting56. She ___ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been57. It is not _____ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. that B. as C. so D. very58. The committee has anticipated the problems that __ in the road construction project.A. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisen59. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ___ impossible to comprehend.A. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find60. He would have finished his college education, but he __ to quit and find a job to supporthis family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have61. The research requires more money than ______ .A. have been put inB. has been put inC. being put inD. to be put in62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ___ a threat tothe human race than environmental destruction.A. no moreB. not moreC. even moreD. much more63. It is not uncommon for there ____ problems of communication between the old and theyoung.A. beingB. would beC. beD. to be64. ____ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A. LookingB. lookedC. Being lookedD. to look65. It is absolutely essential that William __ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. ContinuesI. D B C DCII. CABCA DDAAC DADBB CDIII. 让步CBCAB 结果BD 方式 a 同位 b 表语 b 宾语 d d 原因 d 条件 c b aIV.（一） 41-50: A D C A B A A B C A 51: C（二） 51-60: AABBD ACBBC 61-66: ADCCD B （三）（四） 51-55 CBAAB 56-60 DCDAC 61-65 BBDBC。

(完整版)独立主格结构练习

独立主格结构练习一1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD.There were2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3._____, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5. ____, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7. ____, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8. _____, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9. I used to sleep with the window _____.A. openedB. openC. opening D to open10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. doneD. to do13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15. ______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构练习二1.The thief stood before the policeman,__________ admitting what he had done.A.with his drooping headB.drooping his headC.raising his headD.with his head down2.__________ ,he can't go out for a walk as usual.A.With so much work to doB.With so much work doingC.With so much work doneD.Without so much work to do3.It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth __________ and his eyes __________ .A.closed;openB.closed;openedC.closing;openD.closing;opening4.All things __________ ,the plan trip will have to be called off.A.be consideredB.consideredC.consideringD.having considering5.__________ ,we have to get down to business right away.A.As there was no time leftB.There is no time leftC.There being no time leftD.There to be no time left6.__________ yesterday,we went out for a walk.A.As a fine dayB.It was a fine dayC.It being a fine dayD.For it was a fine day7.The old man stood there,__________ .A.with back against the wallB.with his back against the wallC.with back against wallD.his back against wall独立主格结构练习三1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there being2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3. _____, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5. ____, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7. ____, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8. _____, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9. I used to sleep with the window _____.A. openedB. openC. opening D to open10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. doneD. to do13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15. ______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构巩固练习一答案：1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC11-15 CDABB独立主格结构巩固练习二答案:1—5 DAABC 6—7 CB独立主格结构练习三1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 CDABB独立主格结构常见类型及练习1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is5._________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving6.__________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given7._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words8.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new word9.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions10._________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being betterconditions11.________, we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK12.___________, we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD.A,B and C13._________, you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B14._________, so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on15.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. being a sword in handD. sword in hand16.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand17.He left the office, __________.A. tears being in eyesB. tears in his eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being ineyes18.The factory produced many famous cars, none of ____ shipped to foreign countries.A. themB. whichC. itD. what19.All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. having been cancelledB. had been cancelled C .have been cancelled D. being cancelled20.The manager was very angry, for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of ___ unqualified.A. themB. whatC. whichD. whom21.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Mother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C22.____________, we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C23. _____, we decided to go for an outing.A. weather permittingB. The weather being so fineC. Had weather permittedD. If theweather is clear24.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above25.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD.A and B26._________, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD. A, B and C27.We have lessons every day, ___________.A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above28.The boy fell asleep,___________.A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap was on headD. all the above29.Father came home,_________A .a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the above30.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. to guideB. guidingC. guidedD. to have guide31.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest.A. to doB. to be doneC. doingD. done32.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to workB. workedC. workingD. being working33.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A. are onB. onC. to be onD. been on34.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.A. to settleB. to be settledC. settledD. being settled35. With a lot of difficult problems ___, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. to settleB. settledC. settingD. being settled36.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home.A. to doB. doingC. doneD. to be done37.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.A. to be closedB. being closedC. closedD. closing38.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.A. standing byB. to be standing byC. stood byD. being standing by39.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.A. to be tied behindB. tied behindC. tying behindD. being tied behind40.You can’t see well ________.A. with the glasses onB. being on the glassesC. with the glasses to be onD. with the glasses41.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand?A. withB. havingC. beingD.A and B42.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A. carryingB. havingC. with D .all the above43._______late, we had to walk home.A. BeingB. As we wereC. We beingD.A and B44.______ busy, they had no time to play.A. As they wereB. BeingC. Because they wereD. all the above45. _______ the production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. ForB. AsC. BecauseD. With46.With too many construction projects _____ all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot. A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking47. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. [2007 福建卷]A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled48. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____________ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed49.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A. carryingB. he was carryingC. and carryingD. all the above50.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.A. and he was followedB. followedC. and was followedD. all the above51. With the weather conditions ____, they flew to London immediately.A. taken account intoB. taken into accountC. taking account intoD. taking into account52._________, he finished playing the game of chess.A. His eyes closingB. With his eyes closedC. Closing his eyesD. Closed his eyes53._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.A. ClosedB. Library closedC. Closing libraryD. With library closing54._________, the teacher told the class to go through the textA. Checking the answersB. Checking the answers andD. all the above55._________a rainy day,A. It being C. It was D. all the above56.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A. feelingB. he feltC. he fellingD. all the above57.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LostB. As he was lost C .He lost D.A and B58._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A. WaitingB. When he was waitingC. As he was waitingD. all the above59.The soldier fell asleep ___________.A. with the candle burningB. burning the candleC. when he was burning the candleD. when burning the candle60.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A. Being onB. When being onC. With all the lights onD. When it turns on all the lights61.________ the notice, he had an idea.A. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above62.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.A. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above63. ________,there is no school.A. It is SundayB. It was SundayC. It will be SundayD. It being Sunday64. ________,all the students ran out of the classroom.A. Class was overB. Class is overC. Class overD. When class over65. ________,everything has changed.A. Time goes onB. Time going onC. As time going onD. With time went on66.He was lying on the grass,his hands________ under his head.A. crossingB. crossedC. was crossingD. were crossed67. The storm________ their house,they had to live in a cave.A. destroyedB. destroyingC. having destroyedD. being destroyed68. He entered the room, ________.A. his nose was red with coldB. and his nose red with coldC. his nose red with coldD. his nose been red with cold69. Here are the first two volumes,the third one________ next month.A. to come outB. coming outC. will come outD. having come out70. All things________, I think we ought to give the job to Mike.A. consideringB. consideredC. having consideredD. are considered71. Spider was up and standing at the door, with every hair of her body ____.A. stood upB. on its endC. on endD. on the end72. The problem__________ ,they all went home happily.A. settlingB. to be settledC. settledD. to settle73. A lot of work_________ ,he had no time to talk with us.A. doneB. to doC. doingD. to be doing74.Everyone________ their seats, the meeting began.A. takenB. takingC. having takenD. to take75.He stood there,his hands________ behind.A. tyingB. tiedC. were tyingD. were tied76.________, Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.A. Being illB. He was illC. Tom being illD. To be ill77. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March. [2007 山东卷]A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched 78. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. [07重庆]A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished79.There are a lot of stars existing in space,most of ____ are unknown to us. Band most of _____ are unknown to us. Dmost of ____being unknown to us. DA. whoB. which C that D them80. Anderson entered the classroom,_____ book in _____ hand.A. /; hisB. /; /C. a; /D. a; the81. He left, his sweetheart ____ very lonely.A. feltB. feelsC. has feltD. feeling82.Mr. Black left for Beijing this morning, his secretary ____ him there this Friday.A. would join B .joined C. joining D. to join83. ____ at hand, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.A. There was no moneyB. There being no moneyC. Being no moneyD. Not been money84. A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, ____.A. most of them womenB. most of whom womenC. and most of whom are womenD. most them are women85.The final exam ________ , your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.A. drawing nearB. draw nearC. is drawing nearD. is drew near86. The thief was brought in, his hands ____________ behind his back.A. tyingB. tiedC. being tiedD. having tied87. So many students __________ for the traffic jam, the exam had to be put off.A. were lateB. been lateC. has been lateD. being lateA. have been canceledB. had been canceledC. having been canceledD. being canceled88.He wrote a lot of novels, many of _______ translated into a foreign language.A. themB. whichC. itD. what89. We got near a garden, ______ owner sitting in it. A. its B. whose C. that D. which90. The fine day ______________ our pleasure, we had a good time in the country.A. added upB. added inC. added up toD. added to91. Our teacher entered the classroom, __________.A. a book in handB. book in handC. book in his handD. a book in hands92. There ____________ nothing to talk about, everyone in the room remained silent.A. wasB. hadC. beingD. having。

独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)

语法重点：独立主格结构。

1.原文再现。

This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。

独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。

独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

3.独立主格结构用法。

A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。

B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。

独立主格和非谓语专四练习

1．In phrase like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the –ING participle is used ___.A.For concessionB. for emphasisC. as a commandD. as a condition 2．Facing the board of directors, he didn’t deny ___ breaking the agreement.A.HimB. itC. hisD. its3．Please pardon___ you.A.My disturbingB. disturbingC. me to disturbD. that I disturb 4．The bank is reported in the local newspaper ___in broad daylight yesterday.A.To be robbedB. robbedC. to have been robbedD. having been robbed 5．Mr. Milton prefers to resign ___ part in such dishonest business deals.A.Than takeB. than to takeC. rather than takeD. rather than to take 6．It turned out that the children were not ___ for the accident.A.To blameB. to be blamedC. to be blamingD. to have been blamed 7．___ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A.There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain8．The millions of calculations involved, ___by hand, would have lost all practical value.A.Had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done9．While being questioned on the court, the man denied ___ the old lady’s necklace.A.Having takenB. takingC. to have takenD. to take10．Dr. Park was accused ___ the patient with overdose of sleeping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.A.Of providingB. with providingC. to have providedD. to provide 11．Joseph was very lucky ___ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A.To escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping 12．Our civilization cannot be thought of as ___ in a short period of time.A.To have been createdB. to be createdC. having been createdD. being created1-5：BCACC 6-10: ACAAA 11-12: BC。

(完整word版)专四独立主格结构练习题

独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式;名词（代词）+介词短语构成。

独立主格结构的特点：1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.例如：The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished，we began our holiday。

考试结束了,我们开始放假。

The president assassinated，the whole country was in deep sorrow。

= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow。

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许，我们明天去看你。

This done，we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。

The meeting gone over，everyone tired to go home earlier。

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold。

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆2 with的复合结构作独立主格表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。

独立主格(带练习)(完整版)

A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving
2)____D______, the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
1.___D_____, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.all the above
2.__D______, the text became easier for us to learn.
1.Father came back, ___A____ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying
B.he was carrying
C.and carrying D.all the above
2.Father came back, _D______ by a monkey.
D.Being explained new words
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”
结构。如：
1)___B________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions
A. New words explained B. B.When new words were explained C. C.When teacher explained new words

（完整版）高考英语独立主格结构练习题

（完整版）高考英语独立主格结构练习题独立主格结构练习一1. The thief stood before the policeman，_______ admitting what he had done．A. with his dropping headB. dropped his headC. raising his headD. with his head down2. _______，he can't go out for a walk as usual．A. With so much work to doB. With so much work doingC. With so much work doneD. Without so much work to do3. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _______ and his eyes _______．A. closed；openB. closed；openedC. closing；openD. closing；opening4. All things _______，the plan trip will have to be called off．A. be consideredB. consideredC. consideringD. having considering5. _______, we have to get down to business right away．A. As there was no time leftB. There is no time leftC. There being no time leftD. There to be no time left6. _______ yesterday，we went out for a walk．A. As a fine dayB. It was a fine dayC. It being a fine dayD. For it was a fine day7. The old man stood there, _______．A. with back against the wallB. with his back against the wallC. and back against wallD. his back was against the wall8. All flights _______ because of the snow-storm，many passengers could do nothing but take thetrain．A. were canceledB. having been canceledC. had been canceledD. have been canceled9. _______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD. There is10. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting11. _______, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said12. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather13. _______, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given14. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down15. _______, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on16. _______, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost17. I used to sleep with the window _______.A. openedB. openC. openingD. to open18. _______, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder19. He stood there silently, his lips _______ .A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembled20. _______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping练习二：高考试题精选1. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled2. _______ the production up by 60 %, the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied4. The meeting _______ over, we all left the room and drove home.A. isB. to beC. beingD. would be5. _______, they will go and visit the zoo.A. Weather permittingB. Weather permittedC. Weather being permittedD. Weather having permitted6. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. WithB. BesidesC. As forD. Because of7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on8. I send you 100 dollars, the rest _______ in a year.A. followB. followed。

(2021年整理)独立主格结构练习

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独立主格结构练习1．Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker _________ a separate task．A．assigning B．assigned C．was assigned D．would be assigned2．The lecture_________,he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker．A．began B．beginning C．having begun D．being beginning3．Such _________ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints．A．being B．is C．was D．to be4．Darkness _________ in，the young people lingered on merrymaking．A．set B．setting C．has set D．was set5．With all factors_________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal．A．being considered B．considering C．considered D．are considered 6．A new technique_________，the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent．A．to have been worked out B．having worked out C．working out D．having been worked out7．On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still，ears_________，alert，listening．A．pointed B．pointing C．are pointed D．are pointing8．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ，but our work _________，we declined the offer．A．not being finished B．not having finished C．had not been finished D．was not finished9．There are various kinds of metals ，each _________ its own properties．A．has B．had C．to have D．having10．The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports，each _________ one major point in contrast with the other．A．makes B．made C．is to make D．makingKey:1—5 BCABC 6-10 DAADD（一）: 独立主格结构的构成:名词(代词）+现在分词、过去分词; 名词（代词）+形容词；名词(代词）+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。