2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题：
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. （46）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable comp onent of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.
（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. （49）In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. （50）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
解析：
1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. be viewed as 被视为
institutions 大学，学院
educated 受教育的
legal learning 法律学习；学习法律
the special preserve（of lawyers）律师的特权；律师的特有领域
intellectual equipment 知识体系；知识储备
【译文】长久以来，法律知识在这类大学里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、并列连词和后置定语。

【技巧补充】
（1）被动语态的翻译
若被动句中的主语承载着句中的主要信息（如本题中的legal learning）,在翻译时可以仍然将它译作主语，其翻译方式有两种：
①用汉语主动句表达被动意义，如：In the meeting this question will be discussed briefly.在会议上，这一问题将进行简要地讨论。

②译为汉语被动句，采用“被……”，“为……所……”的结构如：Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history. 希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。

该句谓语后的介词短语in such institutions 在语法上作状语，但在含义上，其为动作的出发者，即主语。

翻译此类句子，还可将英语原文中的by, in, for 等作状语的介词短语转换成名词，译成汉语句子的主语，同时将英语原文中的主语译成宾语。

例如：A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。

（2）并列连词的翻译
并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或分句。

由于他们的使用习惯与中文相似，因此翻译时只需准确的译出并列连词的含义即可。

常见的并列连词有：
①表示转折：but 但是，while 然而，whereas 然而。

②表示选择：or 或者，either... or 要么......要么∕......或者......,neither...nor 既不...也不∕......和......都不，rather than 而不是。

③表示联合：and 和,both and .....和.....都，not only...but also 不仅...而且，等等。

2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
manner 方式
forge 形成联系
cover news 报道新闻
everyday realities 日常生活
be parallel to 就像；与......相似；与......一样
on a daily basis 每天的做法
【译文】另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。

【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句。

【技巧补充】嵌套式定语从句的翻译
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。

当定语从句较长，不适合作前置定语时，可以采用分译法，即将嵌套式定语从句拆分成两个句子，分别进行翻译。

例如：Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks（塞尔柱突厥人）（1）who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire（2）where they were employed as mercenaries （雇佣军）。

译为：同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，（1）他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；（2）在那里被雇为雇佣军。

3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
more profoundly 更深刻；更深入；更深
rest on 建立在......上；立足于
the established conventions 已确定的约定；建立起来的规定
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、后置定语。

译文：但是新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻的理解法律，这种观点基/依赖于新闻媒体对惯例和特殊责任的理解。

4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
the basic features 基本特征、基本要点
have a clear grasp of 清楚地理解；清楚地了解；清楚地把握
a competent jo
b on political stories 做好政治新闻的报道工作
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:形式主语it、多重复合句、词性转换。

事实上，很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚了解的记者是如何胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. enhance stories 提升报道质量；为报道增色；加强报道效果；提高新闻水平
it is preferable for journalists... 对记者来说是好事
rely on 凭借；依靠；根据
nations of significance 对重要性的理解
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是形式主语it、让步状语从句。

尽管律师们的见解和反映会提高新闻报道的质量，但记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的了解做出自己的判断。