介词用法归纳

介词的用法与练习

I. 介词的种类

1. 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of,

over, behind, up, after, against 等。

2. 复合介词，如on to , along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, a visit to等.

***介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。

II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别

1. at, on, in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子

A. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：

at five o’clock, at down, at noon, at midnight, at that time/moment ，at this time of day

B. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：

in 2006, in May，2004，in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ，in the 21st century ，in three days ，in a week ，in spring 。

**C. on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早\中、晚.

on Sunday ，on a warm morning in April ，on a December night ，，on Christmas afternoon ，on October 1，1949 ，on New Year’s Day.

2. between, among(表位置) “在…..之间”

A. between仅用于二者之间，如I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.

B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.

3. beside, besides, except

beside意为"在…旁边"，He sat beside me.

besides意为"除…之外", 包括在内。What do you want besides this?

except意为"除…之外", 不包括在内They go to work in a week except Saturday. 4. in the tree, on the tree

in the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，

on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西

5. on the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上, on one’s way to .....

by the way 指顺便问一句

in this way 用这样的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways

6. across, through, 和past“通过, 经过”

across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, river

through从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate

past , 从旁边经过.

EX: Fill in the blanks with past ,across or through.

1. We have to walk ____________the gate to go into the factory.

2. When we went __________the cinema,we saw a traffic accident.

3. Look out ___________the window, please.

4. Don’t walk__________the ice. It’s dangerous.

5. Suddenly, a young man ran __________me.

6. If you walk _________the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel.

7. The river goes ______________the city.

8. The old man can swim __________the stream.

9. I walked _________him without saying hello.

10. The army moved _____________the forests quietly.

7. for , since,

A. since仅说明什么时候开始，, 后常跟一个具体的过去的时间.

B. for 表示某动作或情况持续多久, 后常跟一段时间。

He has studied the piano for 5 years..

They have lived here since 1978.

EX: Fill in the blanks with for or since.

1. The little boy has been waiting ________ two hours outside.

2. He has taught here________ he graduated from the college.

3. The man has worked in the company ________ twenty years ago.

4. Have you lived in China _____ many years?

5. Her grandma has been ill _________a few months.

8. in, after “……以后”

A. “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.

B.“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于一段时间+ later

My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after fifty minutes. = He arrived fifty minutes later.

EX: Fill in the blanks with in or after.

1. They will leave for Guangzhou ________ two hours.

2. My father said that he would come back _______ a week.

3. _______ three hous , they arrived at a small village.

4. Will you be able to finish the task ________ half an hour?

5. Mr. Wang finally mastered how to work the machine ________ ten days.

9. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具，

A. by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式.

B. with 表示用…工具,

C. in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、颜色)等

D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV

Eg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio.

We Chinese have meals with chopsticks.

The novel is written in English.

Ex: Fill in the blanks with by,with or in,on