关于作文的不同类型论说文常用句型过渡语

句子写作的原则

一．要写完整的句子

所谓完整的句子，一是要求结构完整，二是要求意义完整，要避免残缺句和融合句。一个完整的句子是由至少包含一个主语和一个谓语的一组词构成的。这个句子不论长短只能有一个中心思想。因此考生在写作时应注意一定要写完整的句子而避免写一些不完整的句子。1．避免残缺句残缺句包括从属分句和短语，它们仅仅是句子的一部分，不能独立存在。要想使这些从属分句和短语有意义，必须把它们附属在相应的句子中，而不能另成一句。1）误用非谓语动词的残缺句

a. Bill working as if his life depended on that theme. (x)

b. Bill had been working as if his life depended on that theme. (√)

c. Why does he call home once a week? To keep in touch with his family (x)

d. He calls home once a week to keep in touch with his family.(√)

2) 独立从句的残缺句

a. After I finished my homework. (x).

b. After I finished my homework, I began to watch TV. (√)

c. There is still some likelihood of not succeeding in passing the exam. Although he tries very har

d.

(x)

d. There is still some likelihood of not succeeding in passing the exam although he tries very hard.

(√)

3).举例说明的残缺句

a. I look forward to holidays. For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas. (x).

b I look forward to holidays, for example, Thanksgiving and Christmas. (√)

c. I have many hobbies. Including tennis, chess, and football. (x)

d. I have many hobbies, i ncluding tennis, chess, and football. (√)

4) 以who, that 和which引起的从句残缺。

a. There are some people. Who think that one should not hesitate to say no. (x)

b. There are some people. who think that one should not hesitate to say no.(√)

2．避免错误的省略

用词精辟是写出漂亮英文句子的一个窍门，但不能随意省略一些属于固定搭配的或有助于理解句意的词。通常这些词决定着句子语法结构的完整和意义的完整，省略就会出现句子不完整的现象，影响读者理解。

1）错误地省略部分谓语，会使句子结构失去平衡。

a.Cheerleaders always have and always will do their best to stimulate enthusiasm at the games.

(x)

b.Cheerleaders always have done and always will do their best to stimulate enthusiasm at the

games.(√)

c.There are not sufficient brands for students to choose. (x)

d.There are not sufficient brands for students to choose from.(√)

e. The suggestion you made is more feasible than Mary made. (x)

F The suggestion you made is more feasible than the one Mary made.(√)

3.避免连写句

当两个或两个以上的独立句子被错误地用逗号隔开或根本就没有标点符号相连时，就形成了连写句（有的也称为融合句）。改正这种句子可以用以下五种方法：

1）中间用句号使各句子独立。

a.There are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, we should not read them.(x)

b.There are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind. We should not read them.(√)

2) 如果两个句子意思联系紧密，也可用分号分开，分号后用小写字母开头。

a. The exam was postponed, the class was cancelled as w ell. (x)

b. The exam was postponed; the class was cancelled as well.(√)

3）两个句子若同等重要，也可用并列连词and, but, or, for, nor, yet, so 等连成并列句。

a. Tom decided to stop smoking he didn’t want to die of cancer. (x)

b. Tom decided to stop smoking, for he didn’t want to die of cancer.(√)