现在分词和过去分词做状语

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的区别

1..逻辑关系

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

He went out, shutting the door behind him.

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed （驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.

Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.

2．时间概念

过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。

Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.

Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.

Having finished his homework, he went home.

Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.

基础题训练与高考题精练

一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空

1. He continued to walk up and down，____lost__ (lost) in thought．

2.When ___turned_ (turn) on，the radio still does not work．

3. Once_recovering__ (recover)，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.

4. __seeing__(see) his mother，the baby burst into laughter．

5. _D___with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（04湖北）

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

6. ___c___from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）

A. Being separated

B. Having separated

C. Having been separated

D. To be separated

7. __a____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷）

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

8.All night long he lay awake, ___b____ how to drive the American invaders back home.

A. to think

B. thinking

C. thought

D. being thought

9.__a____good , the food was sold out soon.

A. Tasting

B. Tasted

C. Being tasted

D. Having been tasted

10.___a___the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.

A. Seeing; frightened

B. Seeing; frightening

C. Seen; frightened

D. To see; frightening