过去分词作状语

非谓语动词:过去分词

过去分词(短语)作状语

过去分词表示完成或被动,作状语时,表示动作发生的背景或者情况,在意义上相当于一个状语从句,其省略的主语(逻辑主语)就是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式就是将not放在其前面。

一、过去分词作状语时的具体用法:

1)过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或

while来强调时间概念、

例:1、Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red、

当她被问及发生了什么的时候,她的脸红了。

2、When heated (When it is heated), water changes into steam、当加热时,水变成水蒸气。

3、Told that his mother was ill(When he was told that his mother was illl), Li Lei hurried

home quickly、李蕾得知母亲生病了时,马上赶回了家。

4、Seen from the moon(When it is seen from the moon) , the earth looks green、从月亮上

瞧时,地球就是绿色。

2)过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个由as, since, because等词引导的原因状语从句。例:1、Deeply (Because they were) moved by the movie, the children began to cry、由于被电影深深地感动,孩子们哭了起来。

2、Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep

alone、因为被惊悚电影吓坏了,这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。

3、Caught in a heavy rain (Because he was caught in a、、、), he was all wet、

4、Satisfied with what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with、、、), the teacher

praised him in class、由于老师对她所做的事情很满意,于就是在班上表扬了她。

3)过去分词作条件状语时,通常放在句子的前面,相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。例:1、Compared with you (If we are compared) , we still have a long way to go、

与您们比起来,我们还有很长的一段路要走。

2、Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast、

如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。

3、Given more time (If we were given more time), we would be able to do the work much

better、

4、Given a few minutes (If I am given a few minutes), I’ll finish it、再给几分钟的时间,我

就会完成了

4)过去分词作让步状语时,相当于一个以though / although引导的让步状语从句,这类分词

或分词短语一般放在句子前面。

例:1、Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all、

虽然John被单独留在房间里, 她一点都不害怕。

2、Invited by him (Though I was invited by them) , I won’t take part in the party、

即使被邀请,我也不会参加聚会的。

3、Explained a hundred times (Although he was explained、、、) , he still can’t understand it、

即使给她解释一百篇,她还就是不会明白。

4.Trained ten hours a day (Though he was trained、、、), he will still be a fool、即使每天训

练十个小时,她也还会就是个傻瓜。

5)过去分词作状语表方式或伴随状语时不用状语从句替换,但可以改写成并列句。

例:1、She walked out of the house, (and she was) followed by her little daughter、她走出房子,后面跟着她小女儿。

2、(She was) Dressed in white, (and) she looked really pretty、

穿着白衣服,她瞧起来确实很美。

3.She sat by the window, (and she was ) lost in thought、

二、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别:

1)过去分词表完成、被动,与主句的主语之间就是被动关系;现在分词表进行、主动,与主

句的主语之间就是主动关系。试比较:

Following the old man, we went upstairs、跟着那个老人, 我们上了楼。

= We followed the old man, and we went upstairs、

Followed by the old man, we went upstairs、我们上了楼, 后面跟着那个老人。

= We were followed by the old man, and we went upstairs、

Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest、从上面瞧,体育场好像一个鸟巢。Seeing from space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall、从太空瞧,宇航员瞧不到长城。

2)若分词主语与句中主语不一致,则可以用其她方法来修正。

①用with的复合结构等、

②改为相应的状语从句来表达。

③给分词添加自己的主语,构成独立主格结构

④改变语态。

例如:完成作业后,孩子们出去踢足球了。

Finished their homework, the children went out to play football、(×)

Their homework finished, the children went out to play football、(独立主格)

Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football、

(现在分词完成形式)

With their homework finished(表时间), the children went out to play football、(with的复合结构)

After finishing their homework, the children went out to play football、(介词+动名词)

例如:当她过马路时,一辆车撞到了她。

误:Crossing the road, a car knocked him down、

误:Crossed the road, he was knocked down by a car、

正:Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car、过马路时她被车撞倒了。

正:When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down、她过马路时车子把她撞倒了。