写作必背单词和短语

(1) 全局变量类词汇

1. 表明了indicate, reveal, confirm, reflect, demonstrate, convey,

imply, illustrate

2. 重要vital, crucial, essential, significant, profound, play a key

role

3. 我认为I guess, I suppose, I assume, I maintain, I insist,

personally, from the personal perspective, in my eyes, in my view, I’m convinced that

4. 事件,现象issue, incident, event, occurrence

5. 热门的heated, urgent, burning, pressing, prevail, rampant,

prevalent

6. 面临,见证confront, encounter, witness

7. 争议, 争论controversy, debate, contend, dispute

8. 棘手的intractable, involved, troublesome, tough, stubborn

9. 解决方案solution, approach, recipe, scheme

10. 有效的valid, sound, effectual, efficacious, potent

(2) 话题型Issue词汇

1. counterproductive adj.产生相反效果（结果）的

e.g. It is counterproductive to be too tough: it just makes

the staff resentful.

2. seminal adj.萌芽的，潜在的；开创性的；有重大影响的

e.g. in the seminal state （在萌芽状态）|| seminal thoughts ||

seminal principle（基本原则）

3. forgo v.放弃

e.g.The choice to forgo his security is always available, although it might carry unpleasant consequence.

4. intuition n.直觉

e.g.I will trust my strong intuition that free will is an essential part of our being as humans.

5. satisfy v.证明是正当的，公证的；为…寻找正当理由

e.g. In the final analysis, government cannot philosophically

satisfy assisting large cities for the purpose of either promoting or preserving the nation's cultural traditions; nor is

government assistance necessary toward these ends.

6. resort to … 诉诸…

e.g.there is no necessity to resort to violent actions such as

demonstration, riot or rebel.

7. hinge on … 以…为转移，靠…转动

e.g. The claim that society’s destiny hinges on how children

are socialized, while appealing in some respects, is an over-

statement at best.

8. lend some credence to … 提供支持

e.g. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics lend

some credence to this position, by suggesting that these

determining physical forces include our own individual genetic

makeup.

9. dimension n.大小；体积；程度；范围

e.g. I did not realize the dimensions of the problem.

10. amount to … 相当于；等于

e.g. What you say amounts to a direct accusation.

11. inspire v.激励或鼓舞

e.g. To begin with, learning about key historical figures

inspires us to achieve great things ourselves --- far more so

than learning about the conditions of groups of people.

12. provide necessary impetus for … 给与…动力

e.g. It is almost always a key individual who provide the

necessary imputes for what otherwise might be a group

effort, as discussed below.

13. paradigm n.样式；典范；范例

e.g. educational paradigms

14. obscure v.使阴暗；使朦胧

e.g. Generally speaking, then, undue attention to the efforts

and contributions of various groups tends to obscure the

cause and effect relationship with which the study of history is

chiefly concerned.

15. nascent adj.初生的

e.g.in a nascent condition/stage/state || a nascent industry/ literature/art

16. irrespective of whether … 无论如何