必修三1-3单元材料题精选 (1)
选必三1--3单元检测- 统编版(2019)高二历史选择性必修3+文化交流与传播
选必三1--3单元检测一、单选题1．西周时期，统治者把上帝视为至高无上的主宰者，而呼之为“天”，周王则为受天之命而王天下的“天子”。
同时，统治者也强调人事的重要性，提出“顺乎天而应乎民”"的观点，就是既要顺从天意，又要适应人心，天子既要“敬天”，又要“保民”，才能维护“天命”。
这种思想（）A．要求统治者加强自我克制B．催生了朴素唯物主义萌芽C．表明统治者放松约束民众D．成为维系宗法分封的纽带2．中华文化主张“和而不同”。
西周末年太史伯说:“和实生物,同则不继”,认为不同事物之间彼此配合达到平衡。
孔子、孟子则提出了“和为贵”“君子和而不同,小人同而不和”“天时不如地利,地利不如人和”等思想。
这反映了（）A．传统文化突出共性否定个性B．中华传统文化的传承与发展C．求同存异是中华文化的根本D．传统的道德准则形成于西周3．某书云：中国的“印刷术用于传播古老的观念，而不是新思想；火药加固了皇帝的统治，而不是正在出现的诸民族君主的地位；指南针除郑和用于著名的远航外，并不像西方人那样用于世界范围的探险、贸易和帝国的建立”。
作者旨在说明中国的三大发明A．对西方科技产生了革命性影响B．发挥重大作用需要一定的社会环境C．确保中华文明长期领先于世界D．推动了整个世界向着近代社会转变4．黄宗羲强调“学问之道，以各人自用得着者为真”，批评那些不读书的心学家和读死书的理学家“天崩地解,落然无与吾事”。
同时，他认为“致良知”的“致”字即是“行”字，“致良知”便成了“行良知”。
由此可见,黄宗羲A．强调读书目的是探究万物B．否定了王阳明的心学思想C．注重伦理道德的教化功能D．具有明显的经世致用意识5．研究发现，距今大约5000年，人类普遍遭遇洪灾，中外应对策略有所不同。
如果我们从大禹治水和诺亚方舟故事中提炼关键词，那么大禹治水可以被概括为治、堵、败、疏、成，而诺亚方舟则可以概括为逃、淘汰、选择、拯救。
据此推断最准确的是）A．中国自古崇尚科学精神B．西方自古缺乏进取精神C．中国文化讲究和谐相处D．西方文化崇尚理性法治6．《管子•牧民》中提出，“政之所兴，在顺民心；政之所废，在逆民心。
高中语文必修3第三单元测试题(附答案)
高中语文必修3第三单元测试题（附答案）高中语文必修3第三单元测试题附答案 1一、积累运用(28分)1、下列加横线的字注音正确的一项是( )A、饿殍(piǎo) 逡巡(qūn) 弃甲曳兵(yè) 丢三落四(luò)B、中绳(zhòng)句读(dòu) 瓮牖绳枢(yǒu)心广体胖(pàng)C、庠序(yáng) 氓隶(méng) 度长薭大(duó) 抛头露面(lù)D、供养(gōng) 经传(zhuàn) 贻笑大方(yí) 间不容发(jiān)2、下列各组词语中，有错别字的一项是( )A、殊俗叩关不测之渊兵刃既接B、迁徙须臾约从离衡防微杜渐C、崛起堕落追亡逐北要言不烦D、谪戍孝悌锲而不舍人才汇萃3、下列各句中“胜”字的含义与“予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖”中“胜”字相同的一项是( )A、此所谓战胜于朝廷B、不违农时，谷不可胜食也C、日出江花江胜火D、引人入胜4、下列各句中加横线的词，解释有误的一项是( )A、危(高)乎高哉凡六百一十六言(字)B、填然鼓(动词，击鼓)之非能水(用做动词，游水)也C、合从(通“纵”)缔交赢粮而景(通“影”)从D、而耻(以……为耻，意动用法)学于师南(向南，动词)取汉中5、下列句中加线的字，词类活用不相同的一项是( )A、孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃B、序八州而朝同列C、假舟楫者，非能水也D、有席卷天下，包举宇内，囊括四海之意6、下列句中加横线的词语，解释不正确的一项是( )A、用心一也用心：使用心力B、小学而大遗小学：小的方面学习C、余威震于殊俗殊俗：不同的风俗D、六艺经传皆通习之经传：经文和传文7、下列有关文学常识的表述，错误的一项是( )A、《孟子》是记载战国时期思想家孟轲言行的书，由孟轲及其弟子编成。
B、《荀子》是战国末期思想家荀况所作，一小部分出于弟子之手，现存32篇。
人教版高中语文必修三单元测试题及答案全套
人教版高中语文必修三单元测试题及答案全套单元综合测评(一) 第一单元(时间：100分钟，分值：120分)一、基础巩固(12分，每小题3分)1．下列各句中加点成语的使用，不恰当的两项是()A．网络文学走过十年之路，似乎大有成为准主流文学之势，但相对于纯文学而言，它只不过是冰山一角．．．．。
B．德国诗人歌德作《浮士德》延续六十年之久，曹雪芹写《红楼梦》“批阅十载，增删五次”，一切优秀的作品，都不是侥幸偶得之物，而是不辞艰辛惨淡经营．．．．的成果。
C．相信只要有踌躇满志．．．．的精神、求真务实的态度和一抓到底的作风，我们就一定能够战胜当前困难，迎来新的历史机遇，取得科学发展、加速崛起的新胜利。
D．经过长达两个星期的鏖战，本届世界锦标赛最终尘埃落定．．．．，中国队在赛程极其不利的情况下，克服重重困难，获得冠军。
E．这位代表说的虽不是什么崇论宏议．．．．，但他说的话发自肺腑，句句实在，没有套话和假话，因此我们要更加重视。
【解析】A项，冰山一角：原比喻不能长久依赖的靠山，现在多用作事物暴露出来的部分。
不合语境。
B项，惨淡经营：形容极端艰苦地从事诗文创作，也形容苦心规划和开拓某项事业。
C项，踌躇满志：对自己的现状或者取得的成就非常得意。
不能形容精神，使用对象错误，根据语意应用“志在必得”。
D项，尘埃落定：比喻事情经过许多变化，终于有了结果；或经过一阵混乱后将结果确定下来。
运用正确。
E项，崇论宏议：指高明宏大的议论或见解。
运用正确。
【答案】AC2．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是()A．劳动者的时间都去哪儿了？据调查结果显示，中国九成行业周工时超过40小时，隐藏其后的事实就是众多劳动者休息权利无情剥夺。
B．截至目前，中国高速铁路运营里程已突破1.7万公里，动车组列车运营数量达1 800组，每年发送旅客9.1亿人次，均位居世界第一位。
C．我们曾经推崇鲁迅怀疑、批判和抗争的精神，然而在当下，不但这种精神没有被很好地继承，而且被很多人遗忘甚至铲除。
人教版高中英语必修三Unit1-3单元综合测试题及答案
必修三unit1-unit3质量检测题I.完形填空（共20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分）Once a farmer employed two servants who worked on the farm. One day, the farmer commanded them to 21 seeds（种子）while he was away.The first servant worked 22 in the fields every day. Though he felt so tired sometimes, he never gave up. He just took a 23 and thought of his master coming back. There were also times 24 he got hurt by stones, insects and other objects, but he still continued obeying（服从）his master’s 25 . He knew that someday all his hard work would get good results. But the other servant wanted to 26 the pleasure of the world. He thought his master would 27 know what he was doing. Thus he put aside his master’s command and 28 his own will.Many years 29 by, but the master still did not come back. The faithful servant kept his master’s 30 in mind and kept on planting seeds in the fields, while the other servant 31 around the world, enjoying himself.One day their master 32 appeared. When seeing one servant 33 the crops in the fields, he was very pleased. But when he couldn’t find the other, he felt very 34 .The master called the two servants together, 35 why he had gone for such a long time. He said he had a 36 house built as payment for their service and whoever had been 37 to him would stay with him and live in the new home. So he asked them to report to him how good their harvest was. The first servant happily announced that he had a good harvest every year 38 the other servant bowed down and asked for forgiveness because he had 39 for his master.The master finally rewarded the first servant 40 a new house. The other servant got nothing and was fired.21. A. buy B. plant C. find D. pay22. A. hard B. difficultly C. easily D. wonderfully23. A. drink B. look C. walk D. rest24. A. which B. that C. when D. what25. A. request B. advice C. command D. permission26. A. join B. enjoy C. search D. share27. A. never B. seldom C. always D. often28. A. left B. considered C. felt D. followed29. A. ran B. walked C. stood D. passed30. A. words B. opinion C. thought D. idea31. A. wandered B. showed C. turned D. looked32. A. secretly B. suddenly C. immediately D. slowly33. A. working B. selling C. harvesting D. seeking34. A. confused B. amazed C. impressed D. disappointed35. A. chatting B. explaining C. demanding D. stating36. A. beautiful B. expensive C. simple D. strong37. A. friendly B. smart C. faithful D. generous38. A. since B. while C. because D. however39. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing40. A. to B. by C. with D. forII.阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）AA car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy（能量）during the day.It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy tofinish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you cannot think quickly.Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.41. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.C. Corn, fish, cream and pork.D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.42. Which of the following is a good eating-habit?A. Going to school without any breakfast.B. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.D. Having at least one food from all four groups each meal.43. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that .A. every person needs food to grow wellB. taking exercise can keep your body strongC. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthyD. enough energy helps people think more quickly44. The underlined word "dairy" in the second passage means .A. the food made out of cows such as milk and butterB. the shop that sells milk and butterC. a farm where cows are keptD. a place where milk products are made45. The best title for this passage is .A. The Four Food GroupsB. A Healthy DietC. Your Body and FoodD. The Key to Your HealthBThanksgiving DayThanksgiving Day is always celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It is the most traditional(传统的)of American holidays. The first Thanksgiving was held in Massachusetts in 1621. After a year of hard work, the Pilgrim colonists wanted to give thanks to God for their first harvest. They invited their Indian friends to join them in a big feast. Today the holiday is still celebrated as a day for giving thanks. It is a day of family get-together and it is common to invite friends to share the meal. In some large cities, there are carnival parades (花车游行) for children. In other cities, there are important football games that are played on Thanksgiving Day.In my family, we always go to my grandmother’s house on Thanksgiving Day. All my aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, and nieces gather for a family homecoming. We always invite some friends to join us. Everyone is glad to see everyone else and there is a very busy talk about everything we know. The women soon disappear into the kitchen to help my grandmother prepare the dinner. The men, meanwhile, settle down to watch a football game on television or to discuss business or polities. If the weather is fine enough, some of the men go outside to play ball with the children. At about four o'clock we all sit down to dinner. My grandfather gives thanks for all that we have received from God and then he starts to cut the turkey. We always have the traditional dinner of stuffed turkey, cranberry sauce, apple cider, sweet potatoes, chestnuts, and pumpkin pie. After dinner, no one can move and we all sit around and talk, play word games, or tell jokes until it is time to go home. It is always difficult to leave because Thanksgiving Day is one of the few days of the year when all the families get together.46. Thanksgiving Day was at first held .A. to give thanks to each other for their harvestB. for family members to get togetherC. to invite one's friends to dinnerD. for people to express their thanks to God47. Thanksgiving Day .A. became traditional in America in the 16th centuryB. has long been popular in the WestC. has long been a holiday for the AmericansD. is a holiday only in a few states in the United States48. The Pilgrim colonists were .A. the early people who got to America from EuropeB. the early American IndiansC. the early businessmen from other countriesD. the early businessmen who lived in the cities49. Today, Thanksgiving Day is .A. a day to pray to God for a good harvestB. a family holiday onlyC. a happy holiday for all the families and friendsD. a day to have a good rest and eat a lot50. We can see Thanksgiving Day is a holiday to the Americans asto Chinese.A. Spring FestivalB. Mid-autumn DayC. New Year’s DayD. National DayCMark Twain, the famous American writer and a great master of humor, liked to play jokes on others. But once a joke was played on him. One day Mark Twain was invited to give a talk in a small town. At lunch he met a young man, one of his friends.The young man said that he had an uncle with him. He told Mark Twain that his uncle neverLaughed or smiled, and that nobody and nothing was able to make his uncle smile or laugh."You bring your uncle to my talk this evening," said Mark Twain. "I'm sure I can make him laugh." That evening the young man and his uncle sat in the front. Mark Twain began to speak. He told several funny stories and made everyone in the room laugh. But the man never even smiled. Mark Twain told more funny stories, but the old man still kept quiet. Mark Twain continued to tell his funny stories. Finally he stopped. He was tired and quite disappointed.Some days later, Mark Twain told another friend what had happened. "Oh," said his friend," I know that man. He's been deaf for years. "51. The writer wrote the passage mainly to .A. tell readers Mark Twain liked playing jokesB. tell readers a joke played on Mark TwainC. tell readers Mark Twain was a great writerD. tell readers how to tell a funny story52. One day Mark Twain met at lunch.A. a friendB. his brotherC. his teacherD. a young girl53. Why did Mark Twain ask the young man to bring his uncle to his talk?A. Because he thought he could make him laugh.B. Because he wanted to get to know the old man.C. Because the old man could tell stories.D. Because he wanted to learn from the old man.54. Mark Twain stopped finally because he was .A. disappointedB. sorryC. illD. sleepy55. Mark Twain couldn't make the old man laugh because .A. his jokes were not funnyB. the old man wasn't interested in the jokesC. the old man could tell more funny jokesD. the old man was deafIII.单词拼写（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）1. Who was (授予) the Best Actress award in 2011?2. He has (获得)rich experience in these years.3. I always(钦佩)the man in blue for his devotion to the tiring job.4. It is healthier to keep a (平衡的) diet every day.5. It is (显而易见的)that he has made great progress in English.6. His knowledge of history is rather (有限的).7. Reporters were soon on the (现场)after the accident.8. Looking after children needs (耐心).9. I’ll do nothing without (商量)with you.10. They (结合)their efforts to finish the work.IV. 完成句子（共5小题，每空1分，满分15分）1. (没有什么更好了)than an ice-cream on a hot summer afternoon.2. You have been working all day. You (一定累了).3. It’s time for class now，but our teacher hasn’t (出现).4. Mr. Wang is a man who always (守信用).5. If you want to catch the first bus, you’d better(动身去)the station immediately.V. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
同步必修三(人教B)精选试题：第1章 1.2.2 条件语句 Word含答案
1.2.2 条件语句1.理解条件语句.(重点))2.能够用条件语句编写条件分支结构的程序.(难点[基础·初探]教材整理条件语句的概念、格式及功能阅读教材P20“最后一段”～P21，完成下列问题.1.条件语句的概念：处理条件分支逻辑结构的算法语句，叫做条件语句.2.Scilab语言中的条件语句的格式及功能：1.判断(正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”)(1)条件语句的执行是按照程序中的先后顺序执行的.()(2)条件语句实现了程序框图中的条件分支结构.()(3)条件语句一定要完整，即if—else—end中每一部分都不能少.()【答案】(1)×(2)√(3)×2.当输入x＝－3.2时，程序输出的结果为()A.－3.2B.3.2C.3D.－3【解析】∵x＝－3.2<0，∴把－(－3.2)＝3.2赋给x，故输出3.2.【答案】 B[小组合作型]【精彩点拨】根据条件语句最简单格式可解决.【尝试解答】程序如下：计算机执行条件语句的最简单格式时，若表达式结果为真，则执行表达式后面的语句序列1，否则跳过语句序列1，执行下面的语句.[再练一题]1.编写程序，输入两个实数，由小到大输出这两个数. 【解】 程序如下：编写程序计算：y ＝⎩⎨⎧1， x ≥0，－1， x <0.【精彩点拨】 以x ≥0是否成立作为条件判断，利用条件语句的一般格式. 【尝试解答】 程序如下：if —else —end 格式的条件语句中，计算机执行这种格式的条件语句时，若表达式结果为真，则执行表达式后面的语句序列1；如果表达式结果为假，执行else 后面的语句序列2，然后结束这一条件语句.[再练一题]2.已知函数f (x )＝⎩⎨⎧x 2－1(x ≥0)，2x 2－5(x <0)，编写一个程序，使输入的每一个x 值都得到相应的函数值.【解】 用变量x ，y 分别表示自变量和函数值.步骤如下： S1输入x 值.S2判断x 的范围.若x ≥0，则用解析式y ＝x 2－1求函数值；否则，用y ＝2x 2－5求函数值.S3输出y 值. 程序框图如图所示.程序如下：已知分段函数y ＝⎩⎨⎧－x ＋1，x <0，0，x ＝0，x ＋1，x >0，编写程序，要求输入自变量x的值，输出相应的函数值，并画出程序框图.【精彩点拨】 输入自变量x 的值需要作两次判断，因此需要利用条件语句的嵌套格式编写程序.【尝试解答】 程序框图如图所示：程序如下：1.适用范围：已知分段函数的解析式求函数值的问题，须用条件语句书写程序，当条件的判断有两个以上的结果时，可以选择条件分支结构嵌套去解决.2.解此类问题的步骤：(1)构思出解决问题的一个算法(可用自然语言)； (2)画出程序框图，形象直观地描述算法；(3)根据框图编写程序，即逐步把框图中的算法步骤用算法语句表达出来.[再练一题]3.已知函数f (x )＝⎩⎨⎧2x 2－1， x >0，2x ＋1， x ＝0，－2x 2＋4， x <0，试编写程序，根据输入的x 值输出对应的y 值.【导学号：00732021】【解】 程序如下：[探究共研型]探究1 【提示】 两种语句首先都要对条件进行判断，然后才执行相应的语句体；执行完语句体后，程序都交汇于一点完成条件语句；都以if 开始，以end 结束.探究2两种条件语句的区别是什么？【提示】if－else－end语句含有两个语句体，满足条件时执行一个语句体，不满足条件时执行另一个语句体；而if－end条件语句，只有一个语句体，是满足条件时执行的语句体.探究3在条件语句中，“条件”可以是复合条件吗？【提示】在“条件”处可以是复合条件，如根据下面的程序，画出程序框图，然后利用另外一种条件分支结构和条件语句画出程序框图，并写出程序.【精彩点拨】由所给的程序知其格式为if－else－end，由条件可画其程序框图，并可写出用if－end语句表达的程序.【尝试解答】所给的程序所对应的程序框图如下：利用另一种条件分支结构画程序框图如下.对应的程序如下：条件语句有两种形式，应用时要根据实际问题适当选取.[再练一题]4.已知y ＝⎩⎨⎧x 2＋1，x ≥0，x 2－1，x <0，编写程序，输入自变量x 的值，输出相应的函数值.【解】 程序1.给出以下程序：如果输入x1＝2，x2＝3，那么执行此程序的结果是()A.7B.10C.5D.8【解析】由于输入的两个数x1＝2，x2＝3，不满足条件x1＝x2，因此，不执行语句体y＝x1·x2，而直接执行y＝x1＋x2，所以y＝5，最后输出5.【答案】 C2.输入两个数，输出其中较大的数，则能将程序补充完整的是()【导学号：00732022】A.print(%io(2)，b)B.print(%io(2)，a)C.a＝bD.b＝a【解析】因为要求输出a，b中较大的数，若a>b，输出a，否则输出b，故应填“print(%io(2)，b).”【答案】 A3.根据下列算法语句，当输入x 为60时，输出y 的值为( )A .25B .30C .31D .61【解析】 由题意，得y ＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧0.5x ，x ≤50，25＋0.6(x －50)，x >50.当x ＝60时，y ＝25＋0.6×(60－50)＝31，∴输出y 的值为31. 【答案】 C4.下面的程序运行后输出的结果为________.【解析】 因x ＝5>0，根据题意，执行y ＝y ＋3，y ＝－20＋3＝－17，因此x －y ＝5－(－17)＝22，y －x ＝－17－5＝－22.输出的结果y －x 在前，x －y 在后，所以答案为－22,22.【答案】 －22 225.儿童乘坐火车时，若身高不超过1.1 m ，则无需购票；若身高超过1.1 m 不超过1.4 m ，只需买半票.若身高超过1.4 m ，购买全票.试写出一个购票算法程序.【解】程序为11。
高中历史必修三1-3单元测试题
必修三1-3单元测试题一、选择题（每小题只有一个答案，请将正确答案涂在答案卡上。
每小题1.5分，共60分）（）1、党和国家领导人多次强调，社会精神文明建设以及和谐社会建设离不开中华传统文化，中央电视台宣传“不学礼，无以立”，这种思想符合历史上谁的主张A．韩非B．孔子C．老子D．墨子（）2、下列引文能够反映出老子辩证法思想的是A．祸兮，福之所倚B．以无事取天下C．天法道，道法自然D．天道自然无为（）3、某中学历史探究课上，学生从“穿衣”的角度表达他们对诸子百家思想的理解，甲生说：穿衣服应合乎大自然四季的变化，天气冷多穿一点，天气热少穿一点；乙生说：穿衣服要看你的身份地位，什么身份及何种地位，该穿什么样的衣服就穿什么样的衣服；丙生说：讲究衣服的穿着是一种浪费，穿得简单，甚至破烂的衣服也未尝不好：丁生说：何必麻烦，由上面规定，大家都穿一样的制服不就好了吗？他们的描述所对应的思想是：A．甲——儒，乙——墨，丙——法，丁——道B．甲——道，乙——儒，丙——墨，丁——法C．甲——儒，乙——法，丙——墨，丁——道D．甲——道，乙——墨，丙——法，丁——儒（）4、对春秋战国时期的“百家争鸣”评价不正确的是A．后来成为中国传统文化主流思想的儒家思想就是在此时形成的B．奠定了中国传统文化的基础C．是中国历史上第一次思想解放运动D．儒、墨、道、法等学派相互诘难、批驳，不利于文化的发展（）5、小明的同桌考试作弊，小明想找他谈心，这时候他可以引用孔子的主张是A、“因材施教”B、“知之为知之，不知为不知”C、“温故而知新”D、“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆（）6、孔子作为伟大的教育家，对推动我国古代文化教育事业贡献最大的是A、“有教无类”的办学思想B、“因材施教”的教学方法C、“知之为知之”的学习态度D、“温故知新”的学习方法（）7、蔡元培在《中国伦理学史》中之所以赞扬古代一位思想家“提倡民权，为孔子所未及焉”，是由于他明确提出“民为贵、社稷次之，君这轻”的思想。
必修三1-3单元选择题
必修三1—3单元选择题专项训练李双俊1．古装史诗巨制大片《孔子》描写了孔子51岁出任中都宰一直到73岁的这段经历。
面对乱世，孔子忧心忡忡，希望以自己超越时代的思想和智慧来影响春秋诸国的历史进程，但其政治理想最终破灭。
出现这种现象的最主要原因在于（）A．孔子及其弟子都是没有实权的文人 B．孔子设计的那套礼仪规范太过繁琐 C．孔子主张“兼爱”、“非攻”遭拒绝 D．孔子的思想主张不符合当时社会需要2、孔子的有教无类的教育思想直接适应了春秋战国时期的一个重要历史趋势，这一趋势主要指：A、贵族政治向官僚政治转型 B、分裂割据向统一王朝转型C、青铜文明向铁器文明转型D、宗法社会向礼乐社会转型3.亚里士多德曾说过：“庄重是挥霍与吝啬之间的中庸”。
下列句子有类似思想的是A．仁者爱人，爱人有差等 B．因材施教；有教无类C．名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成；事不成，则礼乐不兴D．质胜文则野，文胜质则史。
文质彬彬，然后君子4．一个书生携带了《四书章句集注》、《五经正义》等一大箱书籍上京赶考，这种情景最早出现在哪个朝代A．西汉 B．隋唐 C．北宋 D．南宋5．孟子主张“民贵君轻”，董仲舒主张“君权神授”，黄宗羲认为君主专制是“天下之大害”。
以下的解释正确的是A．孟子和黄宗羲都否定了君主专制制度 B．三种主张都与当时社会状况密切相关C．三种主张都遭到当时统治集团的轻视 D．三种主张都反映社会转型时期的剧变6.《礼记》说：周公“制礼作乐”。
关于“礼”和“乐”说法错误的是A．“礼”的建设，形成了西周文化的主框架 B．“礼”有尊崇上天和先祖的内容C．“乐”以其艺术美使得讲究等级规范、形式森严的“礼”具有了征服人心的感染力D．“礼”和“乐”的使用，适用于当时的整个社会阶层7．“汉武帝所努力缔造的政体，究其实，是在意识形态层面上将儒家学说作为政治制度的合法性基础，而在具体实践层面上则将法家学说作为统治权术来运用。
”对以上材料解释不正确的是：A．汉武帝治国施政之术的核心在于“尚法尊儒”B．“独尊儒术”并不意味着完全杜绝其它学说 C．儒家思想成为维护封建君主专制的精神工具D．儒家思想从此依附法家，其“仁政”思想被剔除出去8．右图是新版电视剧《红楼梦》中的太虚幻境石牌坊，两边有一副对联：“假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。
人教版高一英语必修三1-3单元综合测试题 答案
第1-3单元综合检测卷Ⅰ. 单词拼写（每个0.5分，共10分）1. Her eyesight is so good that she can see the mountain in the ________ (远方).2. Lisa and I have a ________ (稍微) different attitude towards love.3. We listened to the news with a ________ (混合) of surprise and happiness.4. There is a ________ (海港) near our city, where you can find many big ships in and out.5. People found the little match girl dead in the street at ________ (黎明).6. It’s ________ (不像) him to be late; he’s usually on time.7. Not all people are aware of the various effects of ________ (全球的) warming on Earth.8. Some believe in the ________(存在) of life on Mars, while others consider it as a myth.9. Everyone was a bit ________(迷惑的)by her sudden departure.10. I consider that it is ________ (有害的) for students to play computer games, though some of them don’t think so.11. It was not our ________ (错误)that we were late.12. She was ________ (漫步)aimlessly up and down the road.13. She was ________ (凝视)out of the window.14. I like the red dress with black ________ (斑点).15. Young people like to ________ (寻找)success in life.16. They wanted to find the ________ (源头)of the Yellow River.17. When ________ (收获)time comes, everyone helps in the field.18. Although they are disabled, they have a strong ________ (信仰) in life.19. I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more ________ (精力充沛的)!20. Not having not been given the gift, little Tom ________ (哭泣) after the ceremony.【答案】1. distance 2. slightly 3. mixture 4. harbor 5. dawn 6. unlike 7. global 8. existence 9. puzzled10. harmful 11. fault 12. wandering 13. staring 14. spots 15. seek16. origin 17. harvest 18. belief 19. energetic 20. WeptⅡ.用所给短语的正确形式填空（每个1分，共10分）1. As we all know, Thailand, being flooded by violent storms now, ________ its old te mples.2. The driver didn’t ________ another car in time so the accident happened.3. The Greens have an eight-year-old girl who ________ painting.4. I am here for business ________ on holiday.5. The family went to the United States of America and ________ there about twenty years ago.6. He worked hard so that he ________pass the exam.7. They ________ to Xi’an when I called them up.8. It is good for you to ________ your friends sometimes.9. From his window, a church could be seen ________.10. Parents had ________ her that it would be unforgivable to miss the bus.【答案】1. is famous for 2. catch sight of 3. has a gift for4. rather than 5. settled down 6. managed to 7. were on a trip 8. have a chat with 9. in the distance 10. impressed uponⅢ.单句填空（每个1分，共30分）1. Finally he lost his ________ (patient) and started to yell at his mother.2. It would be ________ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.3. They entered the area without ________ (permit).4. Stop ________ (scream)，we can hear you clearly.5. I think it’s time we ________ (seek) legal advice.6. As is known，________ (stare) at others is impolite.7. We found the ground ________ (cover) by snow.8. The ________ (poison) water led to the death of many fish.9. Passengers are permitted ________ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.10. He ________ (bring) up in North Yorkshire by his grandmother.11. The bank is offering a(n) ________ (报酬) to anyone who can give some information about the robbery.12. I really ________ (钦佩) you ________ your way of making decisions.13. The 2014 New Year’s evening party ________ ________ (举行) on New Year’s Eve, which attracted almost all the Chinese.14. The student had no other choice but ________ ________ ________ (apologize) his teacher ________ the mistake he had made.15. What you said just now ________ me ________ that American professor.(remind)16. Jack ________ ________ ________ ________ (深呼吸) and then dived into the water.17. She looks forward every spring ________ ________ (walk) in the flowerlined garden.18. In the 1990s, many well-educated young people went to Hainan Island ________ ________ ________ (寻找) jobs.19. It’s important that we ________ protect wild animals.20. John told me that he had lost his key to the car, but he didn’t really lose it — that’s just a(n) ________ (诡计).21. The boy had ________ (curious) about what was going on.22. The government decided to take some measures to ________ (strength) the economy.23. Fresh air is ________ (benefit) to one’s health.24. To keep healthy, you should keep a ________ (balance) diet.25. How will you use the ________ (limit) time you have?26. Sometimes I still suffer from these ________ (weak).27. She is as tall as you, but she’s ________ (slim) than you.28. Never take this medicine in ________ (combine) with alcohol.29. “I’m sorry to disturb you,” Webb said ________(gentle).30. Look! There is something ________ (float) on the water.【答案】 1. patience 2. unbelievable 3. permission 4. screaming 5. sought 6. staring 7. covered 8. poisonous 9. to carry 10. was brought11. reward12. admire; for13. took place14. to apologize to; for15. reminded; of16. took a deep breath17. to walking18. in search of19. Should20. trick21. curiosity 22. strengthen 23. beneficial 24. balanced 25. limited 26. weaknesses 27. slimmer 28. combination 29. gently 30. floatingⅠ.完成句子（每个1分，10分）1. — How did you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(设法得到消息) we need?— With the help of my friends.2. Mrs. Taylor has a son who ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (在音乐方面有天赋) — he has won two national prizes.3. Frankly, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(而不坐公共汽车) home, I prefer to walk every day.4. We have made up our minds to set off for our trip ________ ________(在拂晓).5. It was the way he spoke ________ ________(而不是)what he said that made his dad angry.6. The boy broke the school rules and the teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(让他站在教室外面).7. The teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(不能容忍他的学生迟到)at school.8. — Our women athletes achieved great success in the Olympic Games.— Yes. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(没人比她们表现的更精彩了)，I think.9. She said her mother bought her a new dress ________ ________ ________(以折扣价)last week.10. He said that he ________ ________ ________ ________(深陷债务)because he wanted to borrow some money from them.【答案】1. manage to get the information 2. has a gift for music 3. rather than take a bus 4. at dawn 5. rather than6. had him stand outside the classroom 7. can’t have his students arriving late 8. No one could perform better 9. at a discount 10. was heavily in debtV.语篇填空（每个1分，共10分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
高一英语必修三Unit1-Unit3单元测试题
高一英语必修三Unit1~Unit3单元测试题一、单项选择题（30题；30分）1. Great changes ______ in China in the past 20 years.A. took placeB. have taken placeC. were taken placeD. have been taken place2. The manager meant ____ the workers that being 5 minutes late meant ____ the company.A. to tell, to leaveB. telling, leavingC. to tell, leavingD. telling, to leave3. I’m preparing the report for tomorrow’s meeting. Would you please _____ the radio a little ?A.turn onB. turn offC. turn upD. turn down4. —Where does your little daughter want to go during her holiday ?—She is always looking forward to _____ to the Wu Yi Mountain.A. takeB. takingC.being takenD. be taken5.We invited her to dinner but she didn’t even bother t o _______ .A. turn inB. turn upC. turn onD. turn down6. The police are offering a $ 60,000 _____ for information about the killer.A. priceB. prizeC. awardD. reward7. Be careful ! The slightest spark could ______ the fireworks.A. set aboutB.set offC.set outD. set up8. Armed with the information you have gathered, you can ____preparing your business plan.A. set outB. set aboutC. set offD. set up9.He put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ____of his own dream. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind10. The child should be punished. You shouldn’t let him ________telling lies.A．keep away from B．keep away with C．get away from D．get away with11.——How was your recent trip to SiChuan?——I have never had _____one before.A. a pleasantB. a more pleasantC. a most pleasantD. the most pleasan12．Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers ___to her mother on her birthday.A．send B．sent C．sending D．being sent13. ——Claire had her luggage _____an hour before her plane left.A. checkB.checkingC. to checkD. checked14. I have a lot of reading ___before the end of the term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed15. —The suspect ____to the police, saying the hammer still____ where he had____it. A. lay; lay; lain B. lay , lied laidC. lied; lay; laidD. lied ; laid; lain16. If you ______ go, at least wait until the rain stops.A. canB. wouldC. shouldD. must17. ——Mr Wang, I will go and get four chairs for the meeting.——You ______ get four; two will do.A. won’tB. couldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t18. She ____ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can’tB. wouldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t19. ——What does the sign over there read?——“No person ___ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”A．will B．may C．shall D. must20. ——To make members of a team perform better, the coach first of all has to know their ____and weakness.A. strengthsB. benefitsC. techniquesD.values.21. It won’t be _____scientists can find out ways to get rid of this disease.A. long afterB. before longC. long beforeD. long since22.---I wonder what makes you a successful manager.——Ｉ____as a waiter for five years , which contributes a lot to my today’s work.A. serveB. have servedC. is servedD. served23.My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has _____.A. cut outB. cut downC.cut upD. cut off.24. Sam ____some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought upB. looked upC. picked upD. set up.25. Thin of the scenes ____the people were killed by the invaders , the old man was full of anger.A. whenB. whyC. whereD. which26. Time_____, we can have a walk around the playground after supper.A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit.27. ---Jack can’t concentrate on his study recently. –---Yes，This might_____ why he did so badly in the last test.A. answer forB. apply forC. call forD. account for28. This is not an economical way to get more water; ____; it is very expensive.A. on the other handB. in shortC. on the contraryD. or else29.when I went in, he was lying on the floor_____at the ceiling.A. to stareB. staredC. was staringD. staring.30. ____hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.二完形填空（20小题，30分）I’m someone who never went to university but always thought about it. The only way I 31 was listening to my children talk about their class and all the interesting things they were 32 . University was just a life-long 33 of mine. I just turned sixty-four years old in September. I still thought about that old dream 34 one day when there was anAdvanced-Age 35 at the local university. I decided to 36 .The day finally arrived－my first day of school. As I 37 there, my mind was filled with 38 thoughts, “What am I doing? I’m not smart enough to go to university. The 39 will laugh when they see me in class. I probably won’t live long enough to get a 40 . Maybe I should just turn the car around and go home.”Then, 41 , I saw it! A large billboard on the side of the road with a picture of Kermit the Frog. I 42 a little and read the words next to his picture. “ Live your dreams. ” Was Kermit speaking me? I didn’t turn the car around.I drove a little 43 on up the highway and there was another 44. This one had a picture of Albert Einstein with his tongue 45 out. A line read, “As a student, he was no Einstein.” And there was a word in red, “Confidence”. A new attitude was 46 inside me.I was now 47 the gate of the university and there 48 still another billboard. This one showed a photograph ofa proud 49 in a cap and gown. Under the picture was her 50 , Nola Ochs, aged 95. Oldest University Graduate. Below it was the words, “Live Life”. At that moment, my outlook changed completely.31. A. acquired B. consulted C. attended D. contained32. A. learning B. taking C. teaching D. using33. A. goal B. dream C. advice D. idea34. A. since B. before C. after D. until35. A. program B. system C. theme D. process36. A. turn up B. sign up C. keep up D. make up37. A. walked B. stepped C. ran D. drove38. A. negative B. attractive C. active D. optimistic39. A. tutors B. kids C. professors D. fellows40. A. degree B. praise C. skill D. reputation41. A. finally B. immediately C. exactly D. suddenly42. A. sped up B. cut down C. slowed down D. went up43. A. higher B. further C. closer D. lower44. A. billboard B. picture C. portrait D. cartoon45. A. breaking B. pulling C. sticking D. giving46. A. forming B. arriving C. building D. making47. A. approaching B. arriving C. squeezing D. staying48. A. lay B. lived C. sat D. stood49. A. man B. teenager C. woman D. youth50. A. motto B. name C. age D. hobby三．阅读理解（共两篇，5小题10分）A．A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can keep your body strong, so take care of what you eat.There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy products group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all the four main groups. With all these food together you will be given enough energy during the day.It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired during these days and you can not think quickly.Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.51. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.C. Corn, fish, cream and pork.D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.52. Which of the following is a good eating habit?A. Going to school without any breakfast.B. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.D. Having at least one food from all the four groups each meal.53. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ______.A. every person needs food to grow wellB. taking exercise can keep your body strongC. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthyD. enough energy helps people think more quicklyBSeveral different stories are told about the origin of Saint Valentine’s Day. One legend dates as far back as the days of Roman Empire. According to the story. Claudius, the Emperor of Rome, wanted to increase the size of the army. He knew that it would be easier to get young men who were not married to join the army; therefore, he made a rule that no young men could marry until he had served in the army for a number of years.A priest named Valentine broke the rule and secretly married a great number of young people. Finally, Claudius found out about Valentine and put the priest in prison, where he remained until his death on February 14.After his death, Valentine was made a saint and the day of his death was named Saint Valentine’s Day----which is a time for people to send one another their greeting of many kinds.February 14, Valentine’s Day, is sweetheart’s day, on which people in love with each other express their tender emotions.People sometimes put their love message in a heart shaped box of chocolate or a bunch of flowers tied with red ribbons. Words of letters may be written on the flower covered card, or something else. Whatever the form may be, the message is almost the same “Will you be my Valentine?”54．According to the rule_______.A.no young men could get married unless they were old enough.B.Young men could get married if they had served the army for a number of years.C.no one could get married without the emperor’s permissionD.young men could get married only in the army.55.The message mainly tells us about_______.A．How Valentine died B.The emperor of RomeC.How Valentine’s Day is celebratedD.The origin of Valentine’s Day七选五（5小题10分）Weight loss is a hard topic. Lots of people aren’t satisfied with their present weight, but most people aren’t sure how tochange it. You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines or on TV, but those goals might not be healthy or realistic(现实的) for you . 56So what should you do about your weight control?57 The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian（养分学家). 58 If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started.59 People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures usually gain back all of the pounds they lost, because they haven’t permanently(永久地) changed their habits. Therefore, the best weight management ways are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.Small changes are a lot easier to stick with(坚持做) than large ones. Try reducing the size of what you eat. 60 Once you have that down, start gradually introducing healthier foods and exercise into your life.It’s a good idea to maintain a healthy weight because it’s just that: healthy.A．Try giving up regular soda for a week.B．Try to pay attention as you eat and stop when you’re full.C．Weight management is about long-term success.D．Besides, no magical diet will make you look like someone else.E．Being healthy is really about being at a weight that is right for you.F．Changing from whole to nonfat or low-fat milk is also a good idea.G．They will compare your weight with healthy standards and help you set goals.其次卷及答题卷语法填空（共15分）Nowadays, almost everyone 1__________（realize）that smoking is 2__________ （harm）to people’s health. Sometimes it 3__________ causes fire. In China, about 38% of the people smoke. Every year, they smoke millions of packets of 4__________. It’s bad news for the health of nation. It’s known that smoking can cause different kinds of disease. Every year, many people die 5_________ these illnesses, such as lung and throat cancers. It also costs the government much money to look 6___________ these sick people. Smoking is also harmful to those 7________ don’t smoke, 8___________ （especial）to children and women. In a word, smoking is no good. 9__________ you want to smoke, just think of those who suffer from diseases 10_________ the fires that destroy people’s lives and properties!三、单词拼法（共15小题，15分）11．The truth is that I can find no ____(错误，毛病)with her.12. You should stop your car in the __________ ( 停车) lot instead of in the street.13. We all _____________ ( 敬佩) her for the way she saved the children from the fire.14.She was _____(徘徊)through the street when she caught the sight of a tailor’s shop15.I hope you will always be ________________（精力旺盛的）when having classes.16.The little girl fell into the lake and d__________（溺死）.17. Under the lead of our Party, we finally got _____________（独立）from the other countries.18．Taking regular exercise and having a healthy _______(饮食)are good for your health.19．She usually ______________(结合)creative imagination with intelligence to create some wonders.20．The water in some western parts is so _________(有限的)that people only get three cups of water every day. 21．You should ____________(权衡)the advantages against the disadvantages before you give up your present job.22 . Please find out the foods that give fibre for ________(消化) and health.23.They_____(搜寻，找寻)in vain for somewhere to shelter24. She is not s_____________ enough to wear these tight trousers.25. Children are always full of c____________; they want to know everything.短文改错（共10分）It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2007． I was walking along Park Road towards the eastwhile an old man came out of the park on the other sides of the street．Then I saw a yellow cardrive up Third Street and made a right turn into Park Road．The next moment the car hit the manwhile she was crossing the road．He fell with a cry．The car didn’t stop a nd drive off at full speedheading west． I noticed the driver was young woman wore a pair of glasses and the plate numberwas AC864．After two minutes later, I stopped a passed car and took the old man to the nearesthospital．班级：__________ 姓名：___________ 座号：________ 分数：_________参考答案非选择题：31.starved/starve 32.parking33.admired/admire 34.origin35.energetic 36.drowned37.independence 38.diet39 bines/combined 40.limited41.balance 42.digest43.strength 44.slim45.curiosity46. playing a joke/trick on或to play jokes/tricks on47.as though/if48.held his breath49.It is obvious that50.in memory of51.have, standing52.ought to53.any longerugh at55.long before。
2023-2024学年高中语文人教版必修3第一单元单元测试(含答案解析)
2023-2024学年人教版高中语文单元测试学校 __________ 班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________注意事项1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;一、单选题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）1.阅读下面的材料找出选项中性质不属于材料所论述的悲剧的一项是（）悲剧的审美价值载体只能是文学艺术因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人悲伤的因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了A. 在梁山伯与祝英台的故事中祝英台女扮男装外出求学为追求爱情自由面对封建势力的巨大压力拒绝委曲求全最后为情而死B. 在甲午海战中清军的致远号巡洋舰在中弹累累、舰身倾斜、弹药耗尽的情况下仍然开足马力冲向日本联合舰队的吉野号快速巡洋舰最后致远号巡洋舰沉入海中舰上200多名官兵壮烈殉国C. 在电影《狼牙山五壮士》中五位八路军战士为了掩护大部队及当地群众的转移把日伪军引向悬崖绝路弹尽粮绝之后他们跳下悬崖D. 老舍笔下的祥子纯朴善良勤劳能干有着骆驼般坚忍的精神在饱受旧社会、旧制度的沉重打击之后沦为自甘堕落的行尸走肉【答案】B【解析】分析材料可知材料所论述的悲剧是以文学艺术的形式出现的而不是现实生活中的悲剧 B项是现实生活中的真实事件并没有上升到文学艺术的层面所以不属于材料所论述的悲剧故选B二、填空题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）2.仿照下面的句子续写一个句子与画线的两句构成语意连贯的排比句如果没有想象思维就像花儿失去了营养如果没有想象思维就像鸟儿折断了翅膀如果没有想象【答案】示例思维就像庄稼离开了土壤思维就像太阳失去了光芒【解析】根据给出句子可知句式为“如果没有想象思维就像……” 选择自己熟悉的事物进行仿写即可注意表达出两者之间的依托关系三、现代文阅读（本大题共计3小题每题15分共计45分）3.（1）下列对材料相关内容的理解正确的一项是（）3.（2）下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析不正确的一项是（）3.（3）为了更好地发挥大数据在社会各领域中的作用我们需要做好哪几方面的工作？试结合文本简要概括A. 随着大数据战略向各大行业、细分领域扩展延伸大数据的驱动效应也越来越显著如今大数据已经成为比土地和能源更重要的生产资料B. 大数据的开放是一把双刃剑一方面可为各行各业提升效率助一臂之力另一方面也会产生危及公民隐私、信息安全和国家安全等新问题C. 大数据的运用能够使地方和学校“精准”地找到资助对象并为其成长成才找到精准的切入点学生资助工作的育人目标因此得以实现D. 受技术条件限制传统行政模式往往会造成决策不够科学、监管不够充分、服务不够细致等诸多问题运用大数据能够轻松解决这些问题【答案】B【解析】（1）A项“如今大数据已经成为比土地和能源更重要的生产资料”理解有误原文材料一第一段表述为“数据是数字经济时代最重要的生产资料也是继土地、能源之后最重要的生产资料”C项大数据对学生资助工作的育人功能起到的是促进作用而不能决定其育人目标的实现D项“能够轻松解决这些问题”表述不准确大数据为政府工作提供可靠依据和便利条件故选B【答案】D【解析】（2）D项“已经从根本上改变了人们的生产方式和生活方式”表述绝对于文无据【答案】（3）①顺应时代发展潮流充分理解大数据的意义加大对大数据的自觉主动学习、研究、运用力度②构建有效机制明确权责关系规范数据运用促进数据整合实现数据共享③完善相关法律法规出台国家战略政策强化数据安全保护【解析】（3）据材料一第一段“在数字经济时代无论从事哪行哪业都需要通过对数据资源的收集、整理、挖掘来提升效率大数据将成为未来最有价值的资源”及材料三第二段“有的地方、部门对大数据的发展规律和趋势认识不清晰、不到位往往被动适应社会信息化发展缺乏主动利用大数据进行治理创新的意识和勇气” 可概括出“顺应时代发展潮流充分理解大数据的意义加大对大数据的自觉主动学习、研究、运用力度” 据材料一第三段“在网络安全、信息化发展和大数据应用等方面共同促进国家相关法律法规的增补完善和相应国家战略政策的落地出台在安全审查方面进一步防范信息安全产品与技术应用领域的潜在隐患和安全风险为公民、国家信息主权和数据主权的保护提供切实支撑”可概括出“完善相关法律法规出台国家战略政策强化数据安全保护” 据材料三最后一段可概括出“构建有效机制明确权责关系规范数据运用促进数据整合实现数据共享”4.（1）下列对文本内容的分析和概括不正确的一项是（）4.（2）下列对文本艺术特点的理解与鉴赏不正确的一项是（）4.（3）结合课内文段并阅读选文中聂赫留朵夫再次探望玛丝洛娃的画线部分对比分析两个文段在表现人物形象上有哪些主要的不同（课内）她没有听他说话却一会儿瞧瞧他那只手一会儿瞧瞧副典狱长等副典狱长一转身她连忙把手伸过去抓住钞票把它塞在腰带里4.（4）节选文本中哪些因素让聂赫留朵夫认为玛丝洛娃的心灵里发生了重大变化请结合选文内容简要分析A. 青年医生所表现出的“严厉”和“怒气冲冲” 侧面表现出他对囚犯的关照与体恤以及对聂赫留朵夫的刻意戒备B. 医生态度之所以缓和下来这与上文聂赫留朵夫明确告诉他这次探访的目的以及他与玛丝洛娃关系很熟密切相关C. “聂赫留朵夫觉得她对他很反感”的主要原因一是上次见面时她对他发了脾气一是这次见面时她竟然表现得“皱起眉头”不想同他我手D. 聂赫留朵夫提到“那边”时玛丝洛娃脸上泛起红晕是因为她那边让人不堪的牢狱生活被自己曾经喜欢的人提及使自己很难堪【答案】D【解析】D．脸红并非“那边让人不堪的牢狱生活被自己曾经喜欢的人提及” 误以为聂赫留朵夫重提旧情因而脸红【答案】C【解析】C．“依次展开描写”错误外面系着白围裙盖住头发”是肖像描写“迟疑不决地站住垂下眼睛“本想不同他握手”是心理描写她的脸涨得越发红了”是动作和神态描写故选C【答案】课内文段主要通过细节描写连用几个富有动作色彩的动词“瞧”“伸”“抓”和“塞” 表现出玛丝洛娃对金钱的职业化的贪婪与灵魂的堕落更主要的是通过使用描摹状态的副词“惊奇地”“默默地”来表现她由照片引发的痛苦回忆和心灵上的触动【解析】课内文段主要通过动作的细节描写展现玛丝洛娃的内心世界“瞧”“伸”“抓”和“塞”这是几个动词鲜明而别致地表现出玛丝洛娃对金钱的职业化的贪婪选文文段则主要通过使用描摹状态的副词展现玛丝洛娃的内心世界选文使用“扬起”“瞅”“接”“插”动词描写了人物动作更突出了其灵魂的堕落更能表现玛丝洛娃由照片引发的痛苦回忆【答案】①她走到聂赫留朵夫跟前同他握手她的脸涨得越发红羞怯②由文中照片对“这边”与“那边”的误解而引发的对过去的回忆这也表现出对过去生活的甜蜜和痛苦记忆已经深深触动了她的心灵说明她内心深处沉睡蓄积已久的善良与母爱已被唤醒【解析】玛丝洛娃的心灵里发生了重大变化可以体现在神态、动作的外在表现上分析概括“他料想她今天的心情同上次一样但今天她完全不同羞怯……”、羞怯的新表情“‘‘那边’指什么地方？’她问“泛起了红晕”是文中照片对“这边”与“那边”的误解触发了她对过去的记忆而表现出害羞的表情“病房里不知怎的喧闹起来传来孩子的哭声玛丝洛娃“回头望”的动作和“不安”的神态内心的善良和母爱已被唤醒答案（1）D（2）C（3）课内文段主要通过细节描写连用几个富有动作色彩的动词“瞧”“伸”“抓”和“塞” 表现出玛丝洛娃对金钱的职业化的贪婪与灵魂的堕落更主要的是通过使用描摹状态的副词“惊奇地”“默默地”来表现她由照片引发的痛苦回忆和心灵上的触动（4）①她走到聂赫留朵夫跟前同他握手她的脸涨得越发红羞怯②由文中照片对“这边”与“那边”的误解而引发的对过去的回忆这也表现出对过去生活的甜蜜和痛苦记忆已经深深触动了她的心灵说明她内心深处沉睡蓄积已久的善良与母爱已被唤醒5.（1）下列对文本相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏不正确的一项是（）5.（2）八哥被野猫吃掉后小哥俩的心理经历哪些变化5.（3）小说为什么以“小哥俩”作为标题？A. 文中大乖和二乖生活在一个经济状况良好文化氛围浓厚尊重孩子兄弟友爱人际关系和谐的家庭环境中B. 文中的大乖报复心强缺少孩子应有的善良而二乖却言行稚拙情感率真喜爱小动物有爱心小哥俩形成了对比C. 文中作者以儿童的目光观察事物以儿童的心理对事物作出反应展示了天真稚气的儿童世界赞美了儿童“爱的天性”D. 作者描写的是平常的生活描写细腻自然语言平淡情节简单结局却出乎意料让读者看到了孩子与生俱来的同情心【答案】B【解析】B．“文中的大乖报复心强缺少孩子应有的善良”“小哥俩形成了对比”错大乖善良富有同情心疾恶如仇两个孩子性格不同但都活泼可爱没有对比故选B【答案】①八哥被野猫吃掉后小哥俩很伤心②气愤得拿着棍子想要找野猫报仇③看到纸箱里野猫和刚出生的小猫小哥俩产生了同情和怜爱【解析】小说叙述了小哥儿俩的日常故事尤其是围绕“八哥被野猫吃掉后”小哥俩的表现从中分析他们心理的变化首先小哥俩看到八哥被野猫吃掉“大乖哭出声来二乖跟着哭得很伤心”“二乖爬在妈的膝头上呜呜地抽咽”“大乖忽然找到一根拦门的长棍子提在手里拉起二乖就跑”表现出伤心然后“大乖听见了妈的话还是气呼呼地说‘谁叫它吃了我们的八哥打死它要它偿命”“打死它才……’”“两个人都提了毛掸子拉了袍子嘴里喊着报仇跳着出去”表现出气愤“哥哥赶紧过去同弟弟在木箱子前面看同二乖一样用手摸那小猫学它们叫唤看大猫喂小猫奶吃眼睛转也不转一下”“‘它们多么可怜连褥子都没有躺在破纸的上面一定很冷吧’大乖说接着出主意道‘我们一会儿跟妈妈要些棉花同它们垫一个窝儿把饭厅的盛酒箱子弄出来同它做两间房子让大猫住一间小猫在一间像妈妈同我们一样’”对纸箱里野猫和刚出生的小猫产生了同情和怜爱【答案】①小说叙述了小哥儿俩的日常故事塑造了一对善良、有爱心的小哥俩②凸显儿童文学题材表达作者对小哥俩童真童趣的欣赏对儿童成长的关注③仅以人物作为标题文字简洁设置悬念吸引读者兴趣【解析】以“小哥俩”作为标题从人物塑造上看“小哥俩”是小说的主人公小说着力刻画了两个活泼可爱的孩子﹣﹣大乖和二乖大乖精神专注善良富有同情心疾恶如仇有仇必报践行诺言说到做到有平等意识二乖言行稚拙爱模仿情感表达率真注意力易转移喜爱小动物有爱心好奇心强从情节思考小说围绕“小哥俩”展开故事情节从主题上看以儿童作为写作的素材表达了对童真童趣的欣赏对儿童成长的关注从艺术效果上看“小哥俩”作标题有一种悬念的效果能引起读者的阅读兴趣答案（1）B（2）①八哥被野猫吃掉后小哥俩很伤心②气愤得拿着棍子想要找野猫报仇③看到纸箱里野猫和刚出生的小猫小哥俩产生了同情和怜爱（3）①小说叙述了小哥儿俩的日常故事塑造了一对善良、有爱心的小哥俩②凸显儿童文学题材表达作者对小哥俩童真童趣的欣赏对儿童成长的关注③仅以人物作为标题文字简洁设置悬念吸引读者兴趣四、综合读写（本大题共计4小题每题15分共计60分）6.（1）“游于艺”句中的“游”意思是________ “艺” 指的是________6.（2）请结合材料一和材料二的内容简要评析材料三中孔子的上述行为【答案】（1）广泛涉猎六艺即礼、乐、射、御、书、数【解析】【答案】（2）示例①追求正道执守道德心胸开阔意志坚定这是君子的风范②孔子困于陈、蔡绝粮七日面临如此困厄的局面他仍然讲诵不辍弦歌不衰孔子的行为正体现了君子的风范【解析】7.根据下面一段话提炼“团体格局”中“团体”的基本特征在“团体格局”中道德的基本观念建筑在团体和个人的关系上团体是个超于个人的“实在” 不是有形的东西我们不能具体地拿出一个有形体的东西来说这是团体它是一束人和人的关系是一个控制各个人行为的力量是一种组成分子生活所依赖的对象是先于任何个人而又不能脱离个人的共同意志……这种“实在”只能用有形的东西去象征它、表示它在“团体格局”的社会中才发生笼罩万有的神的观念团体对个人的关系就象征在神对于信徒的关系中是个有赏罚的裁判者是个公正的维持者是个全能的保护者【答案】（1）具有抽象关系控制力量保护作用（2）拥有共同意志、观念可依赖凭借（3）能维持公正性具备堂罚权【解析】本题考查学生名著阅读兼语言表达之压缩语段的能力首先看好题干要求“提炼团体格局‘中团体’的基本特征” 以便让压缩有的放矢此题相当于给“团体”下定义通过所给语段找出特征词是解题的关键所在提炼关键词的方法是深入文段中逐句推敲衡量比较确定最终选择从“团体是个超于个人的‘实在不是有形的东西“中归纳出“抽象”的存在从“我们不能具体地拿出一个有形体的东西来说这是团体它是一束人和人的关系是一个控制各个人行为的力量是一种组成分子生活所依赖的对象是先于任何个人而又不能脱离个人的共同意志”中概括出“关系”“力量”“凭借对象”或“依托对象”“依赖对象”“共同意志” 从“在团体格局’的社会中才发生笼罩万有的神的观念团体对个人的关系就象征在神对于信徒的关系中是个有赏罚的裁判者是个公正的维持者是个全能的保护者”中提炼出“信仰”或“观念”“赏罚裁判”“维持公正”“全能保护” 据以上信息确定答案为具有抽象关系控制力量拥有共同意志、观念能维持公正性具备赏罚权个体可依赖凭借8.《红楼梦》中作者运用了大量谐音双关的语言技巧展现了汉语的魅力请结合具体情节阐述小说中一处使用谐音双关的地方并解释其用意【答案】《红楼梦》人名谐音“四姑娘”（元春、迎春、探春、惜春）元春贵为皇妃因宫廷纷争而早逝迎春出嫁后一年被孙绍祖这个“中山狼”折磨而死探春远嫁海外做王妃惜春出家为尼四人合称“元迎探惜” 谐音“原应叹息” 寓意元春、迎春、探春、惜春四姑娘及大观园中众多姑娘命运多舛她们美好艳丽青春和缠绵悱恻情朱遭遇的厄运理应令人叹息【解析】本题考查学生名著阅读辨析表现手法的能力题目要求请结合《红楼梦》“具体情节” 阐述小说中“一处”使用“谐音双关”的地方并解释其“用意” 《红楼梦》中的谐音、双关的修辞手法很多体现在人物的名字上作品中人物的名字不是作者随意取得而是切实地反映出人物的性格、特点、命运而且还与整个故事的情节发展有着十分密切的关系如所给示例注意体现数量如“四春”（一个整体）内容（具体情节）如四春的命运结”修辞（谐音双关）如“元迎探惜“谐音“原应叹息” 作用（寓意）如四姑娘及大观园中众多姑娘命运多舛等9.下列有关名著的说明不正确的两项是（）A. 赵云本是袁绍辖下之人因见其无忠君救民之心故弃之而投公孙瓒但不被重用刘、关、张前来助公孙瓒刘备见到赵云甚敬爱之B. 《老人与海》在艺术上具有很高的概括性、寓言性和象征性运用反衬法、内心独白来刻画人物性格语言辞藻华丽形象生动C. 觉新是封建家庭中的软弱者是一个能够清醒认识到自己的悲剧命运但又怯于行动的“多余人”形象D. 鲁迅先生在《药》中安排了华老栓一家和夏瑜一家一明一暗始终平行的两条线索既突出了群众的愚昧麻木也揭示了革命者的悲哀E. 《哈姆莱特》中主要的戏剧冲突是哈姆莱特与克劳狄斯之间的冲突这一冲突深刻地反映了先进的人文主义理想与英国黑暗现实之间的不可调和的矛盾【答案】B, D【解析】B．“语言辞藻华丽”错应是清澈流畅朴素无华D．“一明一暗始终平行的两条线索”错两条线平行融合。
高中语文必修三第一单元 单元测试(一)
Ruize 2018-2019学年高一下学期必修三 第一单元训练卷语 文 （一）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
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第Ⅰ卷 阅读题一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
每当谈起战争话题，总有人觉得推崇谦谦君子的中国文化缺少铁血霸气的一面。
从史实上看，中华文明崛起于中原农耕地带，四面受攻。
特别是北方毗邻草原游牧民族，战争频仍。
相对于扛锄牵牛、单独劳作的农耕民族而言，游牧民族的日常生活就是骑马射猎、团队合作，有巨大的天然军事优势。
然而，从黄帝北逐荤粥开始，历经夏、商、周、秦，直到汉武帝、唐太宗分别击败匈奴、突厥，中原文明始终经受住了强悍的游牧民族的军事冲击，不断发展壮大。
显然，谦谦君子也绝非任人宰割的懦弱者。
那么，中国文化对战争有什么看法呢？第一，不推崇战争。
中国文化爱好和平。
孔子说：“仁者，爱人。
”以爱护别人为己任的仁者，当然不会热衷于剥夺别人的生命。
汉传佛教强调“慈悲为怀”，主张吃素，连动物的生命都不愿剥夺，遑论战争。
老子关于战争的论述更充分。
他说，“兵者，不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之”——武器、战争都是不祥之物，也非君子所喜欢的，只有在不得已时才会用它；“若美之，是乐杀人”——如果喜欢武器、推崇战争，就是以杀人为乐；“夫乐杀者，不可得意于天下”——以杀人为乐的人，不可能真正得到天下人的认可。
第二，不惧怕战争。
中国文化重视精神，追求正义，有重义轻死的一面。
比如，孔子说过“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁”，玄奘说过“宁可就西而死，岂东归而生”，文天祥说过“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”。
必修三1-4单元练习-材料题
高二历史期中考试练习2012-11-151、（24分）阅读以下材料：材料一：中国为什么会拥有世界上最古老的、连续不断的文明？……促成中国文明的内聚性的最重要因素，也许是通称为儒家学说的道德准则和文学、思想方面的文化遗产。
——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球史通》儒家思想是我国封建社会的长期的主流思想，儒家文化构成了中华传传统文化的基本内涵。
（1）儒家思想的核心内容是什么？（4分）古代儒学家中地位仅次于孔孟的是谁？（2分）（2）儒家思想是如何成为西汉的统治思想的？（4分）（3）宋代理学对儒家思想有什么新发展？（2分）（4）明代晚期，思想家李贽对统治阶级极力推崇的程朱理学大加鞭达。
对此你应如何评价？（4分）材料二康有为在《孔子改制考》一书中着重宣传孔子托古改制的理论，它宣称：《六经》全是孔子所作，记载有关尧、舜的“盛德大业”，都是假托古圣先王的言论来宣传自己的政治观点和改革主张的。
——摘自《中国近代史》（5）据材料二，结合时代背景，简要评价康有为的观点。
（4分）（6）试分析儒家文化在现代重新受到重视的原因。
（4分）（1）核心内容：“仁”、“仁政”；强调“礼”维护统治秩序；主张以德治民（6分）董仲舒（2分）（2）汉武帝采纳了董仲舒的建议，尊崇儒家学说，提倡大一统，“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”，儒学成为西汉的统治思想。
（4分）（3）宋代理学以儒家学说为基础，吸收了佛教、道教的思想，形成了新儒学。
（2分）（4）评价：李贽对程朱理学大加批判，有利于认清弊端和消极作用，适应了当时社会经济发展要求，反映了当时人们追求个性自由发展的愿望，从这一方面讲具有进步意义；李贽全盘否定程朱理学，进而否定孔子及儒学思想，这就否认了儒家思想和程朱理学的合理成分，这是不可取的。
（4分）（5）康有为作为资产阶级维新派，借孔子的权威为维新变法服务，目的是减少变法的阻力；但说明不敢公开同封建正统思想决裂，体现了阶级局限性。
（4分）（6）儒学是中华传统文化的核心，是人类文明的重要组成部分；继承和发扬儒家文化的合理内核和优秀成果，有助于提高个人的道德修养、促进社会的谐稳定发展，甚至有利于维护世界和平，推动人类社会文明进步。
必修三第一单元复习题(含答案)
必修三复习试卷第一单元一、字音杜撰（）敕造（）纨袴（）翠幄（）．．．．．．钗钏（）厢庑（）璎珞（）錾银（）．．．．．．黼黻（）揣测（）阜盛（）罽（）．．．．盥（）罥（）瞋（）懵（）孽（）憨（）幺（）羹（）靥（）螭（）绾（）觚（）嫡（）惫（）绦（）蜼（）寒暄 ( ) 俨然( ) 形骸() 窥伺( ) ．．．．草窠 ( ) 帷幔 ( ) 炮（）烙谬（）种．．．．讪讪( ) 怔怔 ( ) 蹙缩 ( ) 窈陷 ( ) 惴惴( ) 歆享( ) ．．．．．．．．．瓦楞（）间（）或驯（）熟少不更（）事正（）月．．．．．发丧（）长房（）屏息（）揣测（）丧失（）长征（）．．．．．．屏风（）温度（）鲸鲨（）两颚（）脊鳍（）．．．．．攘刺（）绽开（）舵手（）咀嚼（）攥住（）．．．．．嗜杀（）践踏（）撬开（）拽拉（）拆穿（）．．．．．榫头（）残骸（）桅杆（）．．．二、解说以下加点的词语①第三个身量未足，形容尚小（）．．②可怜辜负好韶光（）．．③身体脸庞虽胆小不胜，却有一段自然的风流态度（）．．．．④身量苗条，体格风骚（）．．⑤行为偏僻性乖张（）．．⑥所以他只说没有这个，不便自己夸张．．（）⑦我带了外甥女过去，到也廉价．．（）⑧莫效此儿形状（）．．三、解说词义攒：绾：放诞：风骚：近亲：廉价：惫懒：懵懂：外道：瞋视：些须：还愿：憨顽：总角：结束：乖张：不经之谈：揣测：杜撰：间或：悚然：踌蹰：瑟瑟：哭泣：歆享：踉跄：四、文学知识填空1 、曹雪芹，字，名、号、是我国世纪中期出现的一部古典小说。
它以大家族的为背景，以和地反应了我国走向衰灭的历史趋向。
、，它所创作的《红楼梦》、、、四的爱情惨剧为主线，真切而艺术写于2、鲁迅，浙江绍兴人，原名，字。
《祝愿》选自他的小说集《1924 年。
这一期间的小说多以批评中公公众愚笨不争为主题。
》，3、“四书”指《礼记》中的、、和、合编在一同的。
的是：4、小说是经过完好的和描绘，塑造各样拥有典型性格，宽泛地、多角度地反应社会生活的一种文学作品。
人教版生物必修三(1-3)测试试题及答案
人教版生物必修三(1-3)测试试题及答案生物必修三（1-3）测试题一、单选题1.下列物质中，正常情况下会出现在人体内环境中的是A. 蛋白质酶B. 糖原C. 神经递质D. 血红蛋白2.如图为人体体液之间的物质交换示意图，下列叙述错误的是A. 图中A、C、D参与人体内环境的组成B. DNA解旋酶可以存在于B内C. 乙酰胆碱和激素可存在于C中D. D可以运输养料、二氧化碳、尿素和糖元等物质3.如图为人体细胞与内环境之间物质交换的示意图，①、②、③、④分别表示人体内不同部位的液体。
据图判断下列说法正确的是( )A. 体液①中含有激素、氨基酸、尿素、CO2等物质B. ②内没有蛋白质C. ③内若产生乳酸会引起①、②、④内pH的剧烈变化D. ①、②、④是机体进行细胞代谢活动的主要场所4.分别向20m L的新鲜血浆中滴加相同浓度的稀盐酸和稀N a OH溶液，血浆酸碱度变化与滴加滴数的关系正确的是（）A. B. C. D.5.下列关于内环境稳态的叙述,错误的是A. 内环境稳态遭到破坏,机体的生命活动将受到威胁B. 内环境稳态是由体内各种调节机制所维持的C. 肾脏随时排出内环境中多余的尿素、无机盐等D. 肝脏储存的肝糖原在血糖浓度下降时不断地释放到血液中6.动植物细胞均具有高尔基体，依据高尔基体囊泡内容物对细胞作出的判断，正确的是（）A. 若为消化酶，则一定会被排出细胞到达内环境中B. 若为神经递质，则该细胞会出现核膜核仁周期性变化C. 若为胰岛素，则该细胞表面有神经递质、血糖、胰高血糖素的受体D. 若为抗体，则该细胞能特异性识别抗原7.下列各项与下丘脑功能无直接关系的是（）A. 机体调节内分泌活动的枢纽B. 血液pH的稳态C. 体温的恒定D. 血糖稳态的调节1 / 138.如图为人体的生命活动调节示意图，下列有关叙述中不正确的是（）A. 饮水过少时，激素D作用的靶器官主要是肾小管和集合管B. 血糖平衡调节过程中的A→C→D→E属于体液调节C. 人的手被针扎时，其调节过程通过A→B→E来实现，属于神经调节D. 体温调节过程中的内分泌腺C包括下丘脑、胸腺、肾上腺和甲状腺9.下列有关人体内环境稳态及其调节的叙述，正确的是（）A. 摄入过多过咸的食物后，会引起细胞内液的量增加B. 骨骼肌纤维内乳酸积累较多，会引起细胞体积增大C. 剧烈运动引起的大量出汗会导致失水过多，从而抑制抗利尿激素的分泌D. 人体静脉注射一定量的0.9%NaCl溶液后，将导致细胞内液中Na+浓度大于细胞外液10.下列不属于内环境稳态范畴实例的是：A. HCO3﹣与HPO42﹣等离子共同作用，使血浆的pH维持在7. 35～7. 45B. 人体内的吞噬细胞清除衰老、破损和异常的细胞C. 进行高强度的体育锻炼一星期，肌细胞内肌蛋白的含量基本不变D. 人在剧烈运动出很多汗后，细胞外液的渗透压会升高11.以下关于人体免疫的叙述，正确的是A. 泪液中的溶菌酶清除侵染机体细菌的过程属于体液免疫B. 对同种抗原的二次免疫主要通过初次免疫存留的抗体发挥作用C. 先天性胸腺缺失患儿的细胞免疫功能完全丧失D. HIV侵染人体的T细胞只影响细胞免疫过程12.下列与每人体健康有关的说法中，错误的是A. 人类免疫缺陷病毒主要攻击人体内的B淋巴细胞B. 糖尿病患者的血浆渗透压一般高于正常人的血浆渗透压C. 癌症的发生与免疫系统的监控和清除功能低下有关D. 系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿性关节炎属于自身免疫病13.下列有关免疫的叙述，正确的是（）A. 相同病毒再次感染人体时，机体通过记忆细胞产生抗体B. 侵入靶细胞内的病毒可被效应T细胞直接杀死C. 抗生素杀死人体内环境中的细菌属于体液免疫D. DNA疫苗（DNA片段）不能直接诱发机体特异性免疫14.下图表示人体通过体液免疫消灭破伤风杆菌外毒素的过程，下列相关叙述正确的是A. 细胞2、细胞3均起源于造血干细胞B. 仅细胞4中含有合成物质a的基因C. ②、③过程与细胞膜上蛋白质无关D. 细胞4、细胞5均属于保留分裂能力的细胞人教版生物必修三(1-3)测试试题及答案3 / 1315. HIV 能通过细胞表面的CD4(一种受体蛋白)识别T 细胞(如图甲),如果给AIDS 患者大量注射用CD4修饰过的红细胞,红细胞也会被HIV 识别、入侵(如图乙)。
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必修三1—3单元材料题精选1.儒家思想是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，正确认识和评价儒家思想是一个重要的历史课题，阅读材料，结合所学知识回答问题。
材料一子日：“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。
子为政，焉用杀?”子日：“恭而无礼则劳，慎而无礼则葸(胆小怕事)，勇而无礼则乱，直而无礼则绞。
”——《论语》材料二战国时期的孟子在回答梁惠王关于强国之道的求问时，指出：“地方百里可以王。
王如施仁政于民，省刑罚，薄税敛，深耕易耨；壮者以暇日修其孝悌忠信，入以事其长上，可以制梃以挞秦楚之坚甲利兵矣。
”请回答：(1)根据材料一概括孔子的政治主张。
(2分)材料二中战国时期的孟子是如何继承并发展孔子学说的?(2分)材料三 (董仲舒建议)《春秋》大一统者，天地之常经，古今之通谊也。
今师异道，人异论，百家殊方，指意不同，是以上亡以持一统……臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科，孔子之术者，皆绝其道，勿使并进……——董仲舒《举贤良对策》(2)材料三中董仲舒对待孔子学说(儒学)的态度是什么?(2分)根据材料三与所学知识，分析儒家思想为什么能在西汉取得独尊的地位?(3分)材料四朱熹认为：“一事不穷，则阙了一事道理；一物不格，则阙了一物道理。
”王守仁认为：“心即理”，“知行合一”，“致良知为圣人教人第一义”。
（3）依据材料四说明朱熹和王守仁关于贯通明理的途径有何差别？（4分）据所学知识说明二者思想是否存在本质差别。
（3分）材料五黄宗羲认为：“世儒不察，以工商为末，妄议抑之”；顾炎武提出要因地制宜，振兴工商业。
黄宗羲在《原君》中宣称皇帝乃是“天下之大害”；明末清初的思想家们主张为学应求务实，应关乎国计民生，致力于社会变革，并身体力行。
(4)根据材料五指出明清时期，儒家思想发展到新的阶段，其最突出的思想主张是什么?(2分)结合材料五概括指出这种思想主张在政治、经济和学术方面的具体表现。
(3分)（5）儒家思想作为中国传统文化的主流思想，在建设社会主义和谐社会的今天，我们应怎样正确的认识它？（3分）2、“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是一个国家兴旺发达的不歇动力。
”在漫长的古代文明进程中，中华民族在科学技术领域群星璀璨，卓越的创新文化成果为人类文明的发展做了不可磨灭的贡献，有些还成为近代文明的助推剂或催化剂，影响了整个世界的发展。
但在近代影响人类进步的三次科技革命中，我们却找不到中国人的身影。
阅读下列材料，回答问题：材料一英国科学家李约瑟博士在他的巨著《中国科学技术史》中写道：中国人“在许多重要方面，有一些科学技术发明，走在那些创造出著名的希腊奇迹的传奇式人物的前面，和拥有古代西方世界全部文化财富的阿拉伯人并驾齐驱，并在公元3世纪与13世纪之间保持一个西方望尘莫及的科学知识水平。
(1)中国人取得的让“西方望尘莫及”、并对人类世界步入近代社会产生重大影响的科技成就有哪些?(2分)材料二有人说，中国的四大发明不是中国文明的顶尖级代表，甚至不能完全代表中国古代科技的最高水平。
(2)如果需要你论证上述观点正确性的话，你认为有哪些科技成果最能代表中国文明的形象?除四大发明外，请至少列举六例。
(3分)(3)通过材料一、材料二的阅读，你认为中国古代科技发达的原因有哪些?(3分)材料三中国数千年的文明史，古圣贤的道德、教诲、祖宗制度的成法，是古代辉煌的象征，同时也是进取的阻力。
立论，言必称三代；著文，开篇子日诗云；行事，祖宗成法不可更改。
因循守旧，不思变革，是我们伟大民族的另一种“色彩”。
——摘自《中西对比500年》(4)根据材料三分析说明中国古代科技不能推动中国社会进步的原因。
(3分)（5）在西方近代自然科学的发展中，西方涌现了一大批科学巨匠，他们不迷信权威，追求理性与科学，请结合所学的知识，谈谈推动他们进行不懈科学研究的动力或原因是什么？（8分）3．阅读下列材料材料1：图1《兰亭序》图2颜真卿《多宝塔碑》图3张旭草书（1）图片1是谁的作品？属于哪种书法？此作者在中国古代书法史上的地位如何？（2）图片2、3反映了哪一时期的书法艺术？结合图片分析这一时期书法艺术的特点，并结合所学知识分析这一特点形成的原因。
材料2：郑板桥的《兰竹图》中国山水画（3）这两幅画属于中国古代的哪一画种？简要概括这一画种的特点。
（4）纵观中国绘画史可以发现，隋唐时期画种全面而丰富，宋代以山水画为主，明清时期出现一些风格奇特的画家。
中国绘画呈现出这种特征的主要原因是什么？4、阅读材料，回答问题。
材料一中国在明清时期就出现早期启蒙思想，欧洲17、18世纪也产生启蒙思想，但前者是中世纪末期的产物，而后者是近代社会的宣言书。
……18世纪欧洲启蒙思想家则拿出了……资产阶级国家蓝图。
——张岱年、方克立主编《中国文化概论》材料二通过一场革命或许很可以实现推翻个人专制以及贪婪心和权势欲的压迫，但却绝不能实现思想方式的真正改革；而新的偏见也正如旧的一样，将会成为驾驭缺少思想的广大人群的圈套。
——康德《什么是启蒙运动》材料三西方的七百年文化启蒙运动是在一个逐渐形成、形成后又不断更新最终得到强化的文化大环境中展开的。
……到17、18世纪，文化大环境又进行了一次更新。
17世纪的英国资产阶级革命和启蒙运动率先为构筑一个新的理性主义文化大环境开辟了道路。
到18世纪则出现了西方“三大革命合力并举”的形势，这一切终于催化着酝酿已久的理性主义丈化大环境蒸蒸而生。
——王贤仙《近代中西文化启蒙之浅析》材料四路易十六在狱中阅读了启蒙思想家的著作，感叹道：“原来是伏尔泰和卢梭毁了法国！”(1)列出材料一中中国明清时期的“早期启蒙思想”的主要代表。
“前者是中世纪末期的产物”的根本原因是什么?(4分)(2)材料一中“18世纪欧洲启蒙思想家”拿出了怎样的“资产阶级国家蓝图”?(4分)(3)结合所学知识，你认为材料二中康德的观点与启蒙时代哪位思想家的主张有显著区别？很多人指出康德的思想闪耀着人文主义的光芒，你觉得最能印证这个观点的是他的哪个主张？ (4分)（4）为什么说伏尔泰和卢梭毁了法国？（4分）5、阅读下列材料：材料一：“人是万物的尺度，是存在的事物存在的尺度，也是不存在的事物不存在的尺度”——普罗塔哥拉材料二：人是一件多么了不起的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行动上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！——莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》材料三.“……信徒的就一不靠教皇，二不靠圣礼，只有靠终生”悔改”，才是基督的正道。
”——《路德选集》材料四：人生下来就是自由的，人可以说是自由的动物。
那么，人民的自由虽可用法律加以保障，但它原是天所赐予的，为任何人所必不可少。
如果有人不取这天所赐予的自由，那就是对天犯了大罪，对自己又是莫大的耻辱。
——卢梭请回答：（1）普罗塔哥拉的观点有何积极意义？（2）材料二的核心思想是什么？与材料一有何关系？（3）材料三是如何体现人文主义精神的？（4）材料四是怎样发展人文主义思想的？从社会背景方面分析为什么启蒙运动在反封建方面比文艺复兴宗教改革更进步?6．阅读下列材料：材料一 18世纪下半叶英国发生第一次工业革命，工业现代化启动。
继英国以后，18世纪法国成为世界科学中心，启蒙运动的中心从英国转移到法国……启蒙思想家把欧洲的封建制度比作漫长的黑夜，呼唤用理性的阳光驱散现实的黑暗。
——据《全球通史》等材料二启蒙运动时期一些著名思想家的言论：孟德斯鸠：这个禁欲的职业(神职)摧残了许多人，即使瘟疫与最渗烈的战争也从来不至如此。
伏尔泰：难道农民的儿子生来颈上带着项圈，而贵族的儿子生来在腿上带着提马刺吗?卢梭：人是生而自由的，但却无处不在枷锁之中，自以为是其他一切的主人，反而比其他一切更是奴隶。
康德：启蒙运动就是人类脱离自己所加之于自己的不成熟状态。
不成熟状态就是不经别人的引导，就对运用自己的理智无能为力。
——据《西方思想发展史》等请回答：(1)结合材料一和所学知识，归纳启蒙运动兴起的有利条件，并说明其批判矛头。
(6分)(2)依据材料二概括启蒙运动时期人文主义的内涵，并结合所学知识归纳启蒙思想家共同的政治理想。
(6分)(3)你认为材料三中该同学选择的参考书目是否合适?结合所学知识简要说明理由。
(4分)【参考答案】1． (1)以德治国；礼治。
(2分)孟子发展了孔子“仁”的思想，主张实行“仁政”。
省刑罚，薄税敛。
(2分)(2)肯定儒家学说。
(2分)儒家的“仁政”有利于缓和阶级矛盾；董仲舒的思想适应了专制主义和大一统的需要；统治者的政策。
(3分)（3）朱熹：主张“格物致知”，即通过实践、学习明事理；王守仁主张“致良知”，即通过自我反思，回复良知。
（4分）二者没有本质差别。
（1分）二者都承认世界的本原是“理”，其本质目的都是为了维护封建专制。
（2分）(4)经世致用。
(2分)表现：政治上批判君主专制；经济上主张“工商皆本”；学术上主张学以致用。
(3分)（5）剔除封建糟粕；吸收民主精华；发展民族新文化；提高民族自信心；培养民族精神。
（3分，答出其中两点即得满分，言之有理的可酌情给分）2．(1)成就：造纸术、印刷术、火药、指南针等。
(2分)(2)天文历法方面的成就、丝织品的发明、瓷器的发明、农学、数学、医学等。
(3分)(3)原因：国家统一，政局稳定。
经济繁荣，交通发达，对外、民族交往频繁，科学家的探索等。
(3分)(4)专制思想的束缚；封建制度的完备；因循守旧、不思变革的保守心理。
(3分)（5）动力或原因是：①经济方面：18世纪开始的第一次工业革命，使资本主义经济迅速发展。
（2分）②政治方面：从17世纪开始，欧洲大陆纷纷通过不同方式建立了资产阶级代议制度，打击了封建势力和教会的力量。
（2分）③社会思想方面：“文艺复兴”和启蒙运动，欧洲历史上这两次思想解放运动，挑战教会权威，呼唤人性主义和理性主义。
（2分）④个人方面：对科学和真理的追求。
（2分）3．（1）作者：王羲之种类：行书地位：书圣（2）时期：盛唐时期。
特点：风格多样，讲究法度、规范。
原因：盛唐时期，社会政治经济高度繁荣，文化发展，知识文人队伍的发展壮大。
（3）画种：中国古代的文人画。
特点：追求意境；强调“以形写神”的艺术效果；寄情于山水花鸟的意趣之中；诗、书、画一体、格调高雅、神韵超然等。
（4）思想意识是社会存在的反映。
每个时期的绘画都打着当时时代的烙印。
隋唐时期，社会统一，经济繁荣，社会各方面全面发展，因而画种全面而丰富。
两宋时期，中原政权经常受到少数民族政权的攻击，山水画更能表达文人的思想情怀。
明清时期，由于时代的变化，社会的动荡，出现了一些风格奇特的画家。
4、(1)李贽、黄宗羲、王夫之、顾炎武。
（答出两人即可）(2分) 小农经济(或自然经济)占主导地位，资本主义萌芽十分微弱。