中国水问题：缺水与水质恶化制约生产生活(、中英文)

中国水问题：缺水与水质恶化制约生产生活

China’s water problem: water shortage and

deterioration of water quality restrict

production and living

我们休养生息的地球有71%的面积为水覆盖,然而人类真正能够利用的淡水资源仅占地球总水量的约0.26%。有人比喻说，在地球这个大水缸里，可以用的水只有一汤匙。

71% area of the earth where we are living is covered by water, but the fresh water resource that we are able to make use of only takes up 0.26% of the total water amount in the earth. Someone says that, if we compare the earth to a big water tank, the water that we are able to use is just like a soup spoon out of it.

从总体上看，我国更是一个干旱缺水的国家，水资源人均占有量仅相当于世界人均水平的四分之一。

In general, China is a country that suffers water shortage, and water resource per capita availability in China only accounts for one fourth of the world per capita availability level.

中国的大多数人口都集中在包括黄河和长江在内的几条主要河流流经的区域。这些河流为中国大部分粮食生产提供了所需灌溉用水，还满足了不断增长的城市和工业用水需求。

Most of the population in China lives in area when several main rivers flow through such as Yellow River and Yangtze River. These rivers provide water for irrigation of Chinese most grain production as well as

ever-increasing urban and industrial water demand.

由于中国从黄河抽取越来越多的水来满足其经济增长的各种需要，黄河在25年前就开始难以满足供水需求。1972年黄河水位的大幅度下降，导致黄河在中国漫长的历史上第一次未能入海就干涸了。那年黄河断流15天，并在随后的10年中间歇性地出现断流。1985年以来，黄河年年断流，且断流时间越来越长。1996年，黄河断流133天。1997年，由于干旱，黄河断流长达226天，这一年，河水有很长一段时间未能流到黄河出海所流经的最后一个省份山东省。

Since China draws more and more water from Yellow River to meet various needs for economic growth, Yellow River has been difficult to meet demand

of water supply since 25 years ago. In 1972, the water level in Yellow River began to descend greatly, with the results that Yellow River was dried before flowing into sea in the first time in China’s long history. In that year, Yellow River was dried up for 15 days, and it was dried up intermittently in the subsequent 10 years. Since 1985, Yellow River has been dried up every year with longer drying time each year. In 1996, Yellow River was dried up for 133 days. In 1997, due to drought, Yellow River was dried up for 226 days, and in this year, for a long time, Yellow River failed to flow into Shandong Province which is the last province that Yellow River passes when it flows into the sea.

虽然黄河断流可能是中国缺水的最明显的标志，但它仅仅是多种征兆之一。位于黄河和长江之间的较小河流淮河于1997年被抽干，淮河因断流而未能入海达90天。有卫星照片表明，随着地下水位的下降和泉水干涸，近年来中国有数百个湖泊消失，许多地方小河断流。随着地下水位的下降，成千上万的农民发现他们的水井也干涸了。

Although Yellow River cutout might be the most significant symbol of water shortage in China, it is just one of the many symbols showing water shortage in China. Huai River, which is a smaller river between Yellow River and Yangtze River, was dried up in 1997, and it failed to flow into the sea for 90 days due to cutout. Satellite photos show that, with the descending of underground water level and drying up of spring water, thousands of farmers find that their wells are dried up.

在黄河断流、地下水位下降和水井日益干涸之时，中国的需水量却在继续增加。从目前到2030年，中国即使人均用水量不增加，人口的增长也将使水的需求量在当前的用水量上增加四分之一。但是，实际上人均耗水量也在增加。预计中国在农业、居民住宅和工业这三个方面的用水量都将增加。

While Yellow River is cutout, underground water level descends and wells are increasingly dried up, China’s water demand is continuously increasing. Up to 2030, even if there is no increase in water consumption per capita, population growth will result in an increase of one fourth in water demand. However, water consumption per capita has also been increasing. It is predicted that China’s water demand in agriculture, residential houses and industry will all be increased.

此外，日益严重的水质污染也会造成水质性缺水。当水中的有害物质超出水体的自净能力时，这就是发生了污染。这些有害物质包括农药、重金属及其化合物等有毒物质，有机和无机化学物质，致病微生物、油类物质、植物营养物，各种废弃物和放射性物质等。水污染的来源主要是未加处理的工业废水、生活废水和医院污水等。