名词用法讲解

初中英语语法——名词的用法名词

关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格

单数：可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a可数名词

名词

不可数名词

可数名词

1.名词复数的构成方法：

(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。

(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。

请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。

(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。

(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。

2.单复数形式相同的词:sheep-sheep，fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese--Japanese

3.特殊变化的单词有：

(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet

(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen

(3)child—children

4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.

5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)

No news is good news.

6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。

How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife)

不可数名词：

1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。

应特别记

medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.

2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。

如：Some bread __is___ over there. (be)

3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。

4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread

请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples

例：1)、These two pieces of bread _______over there.(be)

2)、Could I have three__________ ,please？

A. piece of bread

B. .piece of breads

C. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads

名词的格

名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ 's”。如：Tom→ Tom's译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day

关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：

1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家.go to the doctor's 去医生家.

2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的

3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine 我的一个朋友

eg ; The white shirt is ______and blue one is________.

A、Kate ,my B .Kate's ,mine C .Kate ,mine D .Kate's, my

巩固练习

㈠、基本型

写出下列名词的复数形式：

1. pencil-box ___________

2. wife _______

3. Sunday________

4. city______

5. dress _______

6. Englishman ________

7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________9. zoo ________

10. exam________ 11. German __________

㈡、提高型

1. June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.

A. Child’s

B. Childs’

C. Children’s

D. Childrens’

2. September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn’t it?

A. T3. This is _______ news.

A. such a good

B. a very good

C. so good a

D. such good

4. What ______ it is! Let’s go swimming.

A. a fine weather

B. fine day

C. a fine day

D. bad weather

5. They like Chinese _____.

A. food and peoples

B. foods and people

C. foods and people

D. food and people

6. Lucy and I go to school _____ every day.

A. on feet

B. on foot

C. by foots

D. by buses

7. –Are those _____? -No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

A. sheep; cows

B. sheep; cow

C. sheeps; cow

D. sheeps; cows

8. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____?

A. a music; a news

B. music; news

C. music; news

D. music; a news

9. How many ____ and ____ are there in your class?

A. boy student; girl ones

B. girls students; boys ones

C. boys student; girl one

D. girl students; boy ones

10 .A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.

A. Frenchmen; Germans

B. Frenchmen; Germen

C. German; Frenchmen

D. Germans; Frenchmans

11. That bus driver drank two _____.

A. glass of water

B. glasses of waters

C. cups of tea

D. cup of tea

12. The tall man with a big nose is _______ teacher.

A. Tom and Carl

B. Tom’s and Carl’s

C. Tom and Carl’s