管仲中英简介

Guan Zhong(Chinese: 管仲; Wade–Giles: Kuan Chung) (c. 720-645 BC) was a chancellor and reformer of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history.[1]His given name was Yíw ú(夷吾). Zhong was his courtesy name. Recommended by Bao Shuya, he was appointed Prime Minister by Duke Huan of Qi in 685 BC. Through Guan Zhong's reforms and skilful diplomacy Qi became the most powerful of the feudal states and Duke Huan lord protector over the feudal lords. Though knowledge of his reforms is limited, in particular he instituted a famous fiscal policy known as "balancing the light and the heavy", associated with salt and iron monopolies.[2]Though otherwise a diverse work, the Guanzi compilation making use of his name makes similar such recommendations.[3]

管仲（中文名：管仲；韦氏拼音：Kuan Chung）(约公元前720-公元前645)是中国历史上春秋时期齐国的一位大臣和改革家。名夷吾，字仲。公元前685年，在鲍叔牙的举荐下，他被齐桓公任命为齐国的宰相。经过管仲的改革和出色的外交能力，齐国成为诸国中最强大的国家而齐桓公称霸诸侯。尽管对他改革的了解有限，但值得一提的是他推行了一项著名的叫“平衡轻重”经济政策，这项政策与盐、铁垄断有关。尽管以管仲命名的书---《管子》包罗万象，但同样提供了他改革的信息。

Translator Allyn Rickett considers that, "judging what was said of him in the Zuo zhuan, he could qualify, at least in most respects, as an ideal Confucian minister... Guan Zhong is reported to have advised Duke Huan: 'Summon the wavering with courtesy and cherish the remote with virtuous conduct. So long as your virtuous conduct and courtesy never falter, there will be no one who does not cherish you.'" When Duke Huan was approached to dethrone the ruling clans of his state, Guan Zhong advised him that that he had won their adherence through politeness(li) and trustworthiness(xin).

翻译者李克（中文名）认为：“根据《左传》关于管仲的记载来看，他有资格被称为理想的儒家大臣，据说管仲曾建议齐桓公：‘臣闻之,招携以礼,怀远以德,德礼不易,无人不怀。’”当齐桓公准备篡位夺取政权时，管仲建议他应该通过礼貌和德行来赢得民心。

During the time of Confucius, when his students criticized Guan Zhong as lacking propriety Confucius said of him that "Through having Guan Zhong as his minister Duke Huan became protector over the feudal lords. He brought unity and order to the entire realm so that even today people people enjoy his gifts to them" and that "It was due to Guan Zhong that Duke Huan was able to assemble the feudal lords on numerous occasions without resorting to the use of his war chariots. Such was his goodness!"[4]在孔子时期,他的学生批评管仲不懂礼节，孔子说“管仲相恒公，霸诸侯，一匡天下，民到于今受其赐”,“桓公九合诸侯，不以兵车，管仲之力也，如其仁，如其仁！”

Because some of his reforms might be considered purely administrative (as opposed to Confucianism, which "aspired to produce orderly rule solely through the charismatic excellence of the aristocratic leaders of the state")[5]translator Allyn Ricket writes that later Confucian historians disparagingly identified Guan Zhong with the Legalist school, even