定语从句 专升本

（二）主句和从句的时态可以不一致
Tom, who is my friend, came to see me yesterday. 在定语从句中，据需要可以用一般现在的状态，如who is my friend这个从句中，就要用一般现在时。 （三）在从句使用了多余的代词
I will give you the book which you will find it interesting. 定语从句中的it是多余的，因为which已经代表了the book在定 语从句中做了find的宾语，不能用it来做它的宾语。 （四）漏了关系词
பைடு நூலகம்
6. as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句 在as, which引导的非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相 当于and this或and that。 as 一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
动词，若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。 注意：
（1）the same 和 such 之后用 as; （2）which 不能放在句首，而 as 可以放在句后或句首； （3）as 有“正如”，“就像”之意。常与动词 see, know, think, expect,
report 等搭配使用。例如：as we know, as is known to all, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as is reported, as had been expected…
I met the man who stole my watch. （五）漏了应带的介词
Let’s find a room which we can put our things in. Could you please give me a pen which I can write with.
（六）分清楚介词是属于那一部分的
forty years age.
3. 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓 语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词，而 不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the factory that I visited yesterday. This is the factory where I worked five years ago.
（3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句 中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. （先行词作主语） The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. （先行词作宾语）
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、 定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词或者关系副词。 关系词的选择，取决于先行词在从句中所做的成分。先行词在 从句中做主、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, as, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系 副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。
（3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其 进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
三、定语从句应注意的地方：
（一）先行词对定语从句中的动词的制约
1. I, who am your friend, will help you certainly. 注意别受疑问句Who is that man? Who is coming?等的影响，在 定语从句中也用is，忘记了先行词是I， 后面的动词应该是am。
2. He is one of the teachers who know French in our school. 在定语从句的习惯使用中，one of 后面的名词是复数，这个复数 名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，因而know不加s，而在 one of 前面有the only或者the very时，后面引导的定语从句中 的谓语动词则用单数形式。 He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
【专升本 英语 语法基础】 定语从句
By Gordon ☺
一、概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，称为 定语从句，也叫形容词性从句。
e.g. Lily is a nice girl.
Lily is a girl who is nice. ①② ③
↓↓ ↓
先行词 关系词 句子
二、相关知识点：
7. 关系代词 That 的用法
（1）不用That的情况： a. 引导非限制性定语从句时 The book, which is old, is very interesting. b. 介词后面不能用that We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that / which we get our food from.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as 和 which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达
的整个意思，且再定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有 两点：
（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可以。 （2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系
a. This is the house where they lived last year.
b. This is the house (which / that) they built last year.
c. This is the time when we left.
This is the town where she lived in Germany when she was young.
This is the town in which she lived in Germany when she was young. （七）分不清楚先行词在从句中做主语还是宾语
（2）只能用That作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a. 在there be句型中，只能用that，不用which。 b. 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,
little等作先行词时，只能用that，不用which。 c. 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只能用that。 d. 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that。 e. 先行词既有人，又有物时，只能用that。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
（2）whose用来指人或物（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose(of which) cover is green.
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中 充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主 语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
（1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语
和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（先行词作主语） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.（先行词作宾语）返回
This is the town that she lived in Germany when she was young.（×） 在she lived in Germany里有介词in，但它不属于lived in town 的结构，而是the town in Germany的结构，也就是说in是后面 的，那么lived后面就少了一个in。正确的应该是：
（2）当先行词 被专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时， 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句 （1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是
先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限 制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句 的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
5.介词+关系词（which, who, whom） （1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 （2）that前不能有介词。（in that例外） （3）某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词
”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如： This is the house in which / where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which / when you joined our club?
（2） that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、 理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导 的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born. He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在 句中作状语。
（1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词 +which”的结构，因此常常和“介词+which”的结构交替使 用。例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?