Edgar Allan Poe 爱伦坡 美国文学选读
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美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Murders in the Rue Morgue The Purloined Letter
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
edgar allan poe美国诗人爱伦坡
☆ many original ideas, for example: ★He disliked didacticism and allegory, though he believed that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. ★Works with obvious meanings cease to be art. ★The writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
☆ the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone
☆ The most controversial and most misunderstood°
1. Life
☆ born Edgar Poe in Boston, MA, on January 19, 1809; the second son of of actress Elizabeth Poe and actor David Poe, Jr.
☆ a cadet in West Point in 1830; a dismissal in 1831
☆ secretly married Virginia, his cousin, in 1835
☆ died October 1849 mysteriously; "in great distress, and... in need of immediate assistance” ; Some said his final words are: “Lord help my poor soul”.
☆ the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone
☆ The most controversial and most misunderstood°
1. Life
☆ born Edgar Poe in Boston, MA, on January 19, 1809; the second son of of actress Elizabeth Poe and actor David Poe, Jr.
☆ a cadet in West Point in 1830; a dismissal in 1831
☆ secretly married Virginia, his cousin, in 1835
☆ died October 1849 mysteriously; "in great distress, and... in need of immediate assistance” ; Some said his final words are: “Lord help my poor soul”.
美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe
• Not accepted before French symbolists like Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821-1867) and Mallarmé.
In America
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy)
• Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable.
Life Experience
a miserable childhood
entered the University but didn’t finish went to West Point but was dismissed
at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death
Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
• A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835, at 27, married his 13 year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life
In America
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy)
• Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable.
Life Experience
a miserable childhood
entered the University but didn’t finish went to West Point but was dismissed
at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death
Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
• A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835, at 27, married his 13 year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life
Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加 爱伦坡
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He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned at a young age when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but they never formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian".
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四位对他的故事创作有着重大影响的女性
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The first woman: Virginia (the pure maiden he adored, his wife)
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He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned at a young age when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but they never formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian".
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四位对他的故事创作有着重大影响的女性
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The first woman: Virginia (the pure maiden he adored, his wife)
美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Other works
Tales
The Black Cat The Cask of Amontillado A Descent into the Maelström The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar The Fall of the House of Usher The Gold-Bug Hop-Frog The Imp of the Perverse Ligeia The Masque of the Red Death Morella The Murders in the Rue Morgue The Oval Portrait The Pit and the Pendulum The Premature Burial The Purloined Letter The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether The Tell-Tale Heart
Байду номын сангаас
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre.
Edgar_Allan_Poe(1809—1849)埃德加_爱伦坡
• 很久很久以前， 在一个滨海的国度里， 住着一位少女你或许认得， 她的芳名叫安娜贝尔.李； 这少女活着没有别的愿望， 只为和我俩情相许。 • 那会儿我还是个孩子，她也未脱稚气， 在这个滨海的国度里； 可我们的爱超越一切，无人能及—— 我和我的安娜贝尔.李； 我们爱得那样深，连天上的六翼天使 也把我和她妒嫉。
• 柯南道尔：“一名侦探小说家只能沿这条不宽 的主道而行，所以他时时都会发现前方有坡的 脚印。如果他偶尔能设法偏离主道，独辟蹊径，超 越他，有人会试图发展他的风格，但许多自以 为已经超过他的人其实永远也不可能与他相提 并论。”
• Famous American poet, short-story writer, and literary critic • Most controversial and misunderstood in America • Well received in Europe, England, Spain, esp. in France • Literary output: some seventy short stories and a dozen poems • A: Poems • B: Short stories • C: literary theory • D: one full-length novel: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838)
• Whitman: admit Poe’s genius, but it was “its narrow range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (terrible) • T. S. Eliot: a critic of the first rank, but with “slipshod writing” (careless)
Lesson 4 Edgar Allen Poe 美国文学
• 4. Baudelaire first took note of the psychological content of Poe’s tales and regarded Poe as ―a writer of nerves‖, and Erich Heller saw Poe’s contribution to the ―discovery and colonization of the mind‖; what interests Poe most is the deep abyss of the unconscious and subconscious mental activity of the people. Poe 在精神分析小说做出了贡献，他对非意识 和潜意识的精神活动的分析非常感兴趣。 • 5. Poe’s assumption seems to be that every mind is half mad or capable of slipping into insanity. As a result of this, his fictional characters are mostly neurotics. Poe 认为每个人都有 神经质的一面，所以他的小说主人公大多是神经病患者。 • 6. Poe’s heroes are mostly ―isolatoes‖, with no sense of identity, no names even, alienation from society. 他的小说主 人公大多没有确切的身份，没有名字，远离社会。
III. Edgarrotesque and the Arabesque 《奇异怪诞故事 集》 • MS. Found in a Bottle 《瓶子里发现的手稿》 • The Murders in the Rue Morgue 《毛格街杀人案》 • The Fall of the House of Usher 《厄舍古屋的倒塌》 • The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会 》 • The Cask of Amontillado 《一桶酒的故事》 • The Raven 《乌鸦》 • Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 • Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔•李》 • To Helen 《致海伦》 • The Poetic Principle 《诗歌原理》 • The Philosophy of Composition 《创作哲学》
Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡
• 1847, his wife died, his last years were spent in hack work, lecturing, and with much drunkenness • 1848 back to Richmond, engaged to his childhood sweetheart Sarah Elmira Royster • 1849 found lying in a drunken stupor on the street
• 1832 starting to write short stories • 1835-37 an assistant editor for the Southern Literary Messenger. (a national reputation as a writer and a literary critic) • 1938, Philadelphia: editor of several newspaper and magazines
Length: short, (readable at one sitting, or as long as the 108 line “The Raven”) Aim: beauty: (to excite the sensitive soul to tears) Tone: melancholy Topic: the death of a beautiful woman
• Reason Two: as a sarcastic virulent writer and critic of the new novels and poems, he had no friends. • Reason Three: Poe’s view that underneath human nature is cruel and irrational was too ahead of his time that his contemporaries were unwilling to accept. His theme of the disintegration of the self, the corruption of mind in the world of the modernists (Eliot, Hemingway) It is not until the early 20th cent that Poe became very popular with Freudian psychological critics: (dreams)
Unit 2 Edgar Allan Poe
SONNET- TO SCIENCE
Science! true daughter of Old Time thou art! Who alterest all things with thy peering eyes. Why preyest thou thus upon the poet's heart, Vulture, whose wings are dull realities? How should he love thee? or how deem thee wise, Who wouldst not leave him in his wandering To seek for treasure in the jewelled skies, Albeit he soared with an undaunted wing? Hast thou not dragged Diana from her car? And driven the Hamadryad from the wood To seek a shelter in some happier star? Hast thou not torn the Naiad from her flood, The Elfin from the green grass, and from me The summer dream beneath the tamarind tree?
VI. Reputation
• Nowadays, most of the critics all over the world have recognized the unique importance of Poe as a great writer of short stories, a poet of the first rank, and a critic of sharp insight. 1. He was the first to develop the short story as a distinctive art form and to elaborate criteria by which it can be judged. Therefore, he has often been regarded as the father of the modern short story. (Wu, 1998: 43) 2. He was widely recognized as father of detective story. 3. He was a great master of horror fiction and science fiction. 4. His writing and his literary theory has influenced the French symbolists and the devotees of “art for art’s sis one of Poe’s earliest poems, first published in 1831. Poe once acknowledged that the poem was inspired by his youthful admiration for Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard, mother of one of his classmates. However, the poem does not seem to depict a real woman but rather an ideal or classic beauty. Poe later identified Mrs. Stanard as “the first purely ideal love of my soul.”
爱伦·坡诗选（美国）
爱伦·坡诗选（美国）埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（1809～1849），19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
埃德加·爱伦·坡1809年1月19日生于马萨诸塞州的波士顿，他年幼时父母双亡，随即被弗吉尼亚州里士满的约翰和弗朗西丝斯·爱伦夫妇收养，在弗吉尼亚大学就读了短暂的一段时间后辍学，之后从军，爱伦·坡离开了爱伦夫妇。
爱伦坡低调地开始了他的写作生涯，匿名出版了诗集《帖木尔和其它的诗》。
1835年他在巴尔的摩和13岁的表妹弗吉尼亚·克莱姆结婚。
1838年《阿瑟·戈登·皮姆的故事》出版并被受到了广泛的关注。
1839年夏天，爱伦·坡成为《伯顿绅士杂志》（Burton's Gentleman's Magazine）的助理编辑。
这期间他发表了的随笔、小说，和评论，加强了他在《南方文学信使》工作时期开始确立的敏锐批评家的声誉，同期，《怪异故事集》上下卷在1839年出版。
1845年1月，爱伦·坡发表诗歌“乌鸦”，一时声誉鹊起。
1849年10月7日逝于巴尔的摩。
致海伦海伦啊，你的美貌对于我，就象那古老的尼赛安帆船，在芬芳的海面上它悠悠荡漾，载着风尘仆仆疲惫的流浪汉，驶往故乡的海岸。
你兰紫色的柔发，古典的脸，久久浮现在波涛汹涌的海面上，你女神般的风姿，将我带回往昔希腊的荣耀，和古罗马的辉煌。
看，神龛金碧，你婷婷玉立，俨然一尊雕像，手提玛瑙明灯，啊，普赛克，你是来自那神圣的地方！安娜蓓尔·李那是在许多年、许多年以前，在海边的一个王国里住着位姑娘，你可能也知道她名叫安娜蓓尔·李：这姑娘的心里没别的思念，就除了她同我的情意。
那时候我同她都还是孩子，住在这海边的王国里；可我同她的爱已不止是爱－－同我的安娜蓓尔·李－－已使天堂中长翅膀的仙子想把我们的爱夺去。
美国文学之爱伦坡 Unit 7 Allen Poe
1. literary position.
2. controversial 3. a short life.
B) Major works and special features
1. “The Philosophy of Composition” “The Poetic Principle”; 2. “The Fall of the House of Usher” 《鄂榭府崩溃记》 “The Cask of Amontillado” 《一桶白葡萄酒》 “Ligeria” 《丽姬娅》 3. “The Raven” “Annabel Lee” “To Helen”
the idiom “Helen of Troy”
About Psyche
goddess in Greek mythology / a Hellenistic personification Keats’s “Ode to Psyche”
Psyche and Eros
Theme
The poem eulogizes the eternal and infinite beauty of Helen to express his Poe’s first purely ideal
love for Mrs. Jane Stanard.
Special features
1. It is famous for its rhyme scheme, its varied line lengths, its metaphor of a wanderer on the sea, and its oft-quoted lines “To the glory that was Greece,/ And the grandeur that was Rome. 2. It is a poem of quintet with a rhyme scheme of ababb ababa abbab. The classic restraint of this poem marks the turning point of Poe’s career in art.” 3. The use of classical allusions.
2. controversial 3. a short life.
B) Major works and special features
1. “The Philosophy of Composition” “The Poetic Principle”; 2. “The Fall of the House of Usher” 《鄂榭府崩溃记》 “The Cask of Amontillado” 《一桶白葡萄酒》 “Ligeria” 《丽姬娅》 3. “The Raven” “Annabel Lee” “To Helen”
the idiom “Helen of Troy”
About Psyche
goddess in Greek mythology / a Hellenistic personification Keats’s “Ode to Psyche”
Psyche and Eros
Theme
The poem eulogizes the eternal and infinite beauty of Helen to express his Poe’s first purely ideal
love for Mrs. Jane Stanard.
Special features
1. It is famous for its rhyme scheme, its varied line lengths, its metaphor of a wanderer on the sea, and its oft-quoted lines “To the glory that was Greece,/ And the grandeur that was Rome. 2. It is a poem of quintet with a rhyme scheme of ababb ababa abbab. The classic restraint of this poem marks the turning point of Poe’s career in art.” 3. The use of classical allusions.
edgar_allan_poe_爱伦坡_美国文学选读
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
• I. Literary Status
• Pioneer of American Horror Tales, American Detective Tales, American Southern writings, American PsychoAnalytic fiction
• Editor, Poet and Professional literary critic
• II. Life and Career
• Born in an actor and actress’s family – his parents died when he was very young –adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan – entered the Virginia University at 17 – West Point where he began to write poetry – then tales – editor of magazines.
正如尼安色建造的古船， 在芬芳馥郁的大海徐徐扬帆， 海伦，你的美丽与此相仿， 承载我这游子的疲乏厌倦， 送我重返故土的彼岸。
• The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous beauty in Greek mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, was the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, was the guider to that dreamland.
(1809-1849)
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
• I. Literary Status
• Pioneer of American Horror Tales, American Detective Tales, American Southern writings, American PsychoAnalytic fiction
• Editor, Poet and Professional literary critic
• II. Life and Career
• Born in an actor and actress’s family – his parents died when he was very young –adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan – entered the Virginia University at 17 – West Point where he began to write poetry – then tales – editor of magazines.
正如尼安色建造的古船， 在芬芳馥郁的大海徐徐扬帆， 海伦，你的美丽与此相仿， 承载我这游子的疲乏厌倦， 送我重返故土的彼岸。
• The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous beauty in Greek mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, was the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, was the guider to that dreamland.
美国文学爱伦坡英文介绍
I. Life Experience II. Major Works III. Literary Position IV. Appreciation V. Comments on Poe
I. Life Experience
➢ His childhood was miserable . He lost both of his parents when he was very young and then he was adopted by a wealthy merchant, John Allan. Poe’s relation with the Allans was unhappy.
15 The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会》
C:Literary theory
The Poetic Principle <诗歌原理> The Philosophy of Composition
<创作哲学> Review of Twice-Told Tales
“我不在乎我的作品 是现在被人读还是由 子孙后代来读。我可 以花一个世纪来等待 读者。”
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Thank you
1 The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》 2 Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 3 The Sleeper 《睡美人》 4 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 5 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 6 The Bells 《钟》 7 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 8 To Helen 《献给海伦》 9 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe PPT
• An unhappy youth: at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish, an appointment to West Point but was dismissed less than a year later
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
His position
Poe’s position in world literature is secure. His influence is world-wide in modern literature. His aesthetics and conscious craftsmanship, his attack on “the heresy of the didactic” and his call for “the rhythmical creation of beauty” have influenced French symbolism and the devotees of “art for art’s sake”. Poe is father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story.
Part II. Poe’s literary position
– Forerunner of western decadent literature – Forerunner of aesthetic literature – Explorer of abnormal psychology – Father of psychoanalytic criticism – Path-breaker of American detective novel – Father of modern short story
(完整版)美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death
Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
musical effect of words themselves) • Negligence of so-called truth and social, political and
• A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835, at 27, married his 13 year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
musical effect of words themselves) • Negligence of so-called truth and social, political and
• A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835, at 27, married his 13 year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
王守仁版 《美国文学选读》第二单元课件Unit 2 Edgar Allan Poe
• Poe‟s reputation was first made in France. Charles Baudelaire said that “Edgar Poe, who isn‟t much in America, must become a great man in France.”
• Today, Poe‟s particular power has ensured his position among the greatest writers of the world. The majority of critics today, in America as well as in the world, have recognized the real, unique importance of Poe as a great writer of fiction, a poet of the first rank, and a critic of acumen and insight. His works are read the world over. His influence is world-wide in modern literature.
Poe‟s theories on Fiction
• A good fiction should only tells one event, which can be finished once. • Fiction should stimulate readers and impress them deeply. It should have a consistent effect throughout the whole text. • He showed in his fiction the impulse to selfdestruction, the fascination with horrible catastrophe, whimsical and abnormal psychology. • He depicted the inner world or psychology of his characters.
美国文学史EdgarAllanPoe
Major works
• Poetry • Short stories • Literary theory
Poetry
• Tamberlane and Other Poems • The Raven • To Helen • The City in the Sea
Short stories
•Detective (Ratiocination)
Influence and position
• His influence is world-wide in literature Arthur Conan Doyle French symbolists British Aestheticism “Art for Art’s Sake” T.S Eliot, William Faulkner
Edgar Allan Poe
• All that we see or seem is but a dream within ahis life
• Born on January 19, 1809, Boston • A short life of poverty, anxiety and fantastic tragedy • Died in mysterious circumstances, in 1849
美国文学史美国文学史复习资料美国文学史复习美国文学美国文学作品美国文学史及选读美国文学发展史美国文学考试美国文学论文美国文学题
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809~1849)
A poet, short story writer, and literary critic
• I have great faith in fools -- my friends call it self-confidence.
美国文学爱伦坡Allan Peo and His Short Stories
• Poe was the first American writer who formulized the technique of the short story. • In pursuit of the totality of effect through compression, immediacy and finality, Poe invented the genre of the detective story and developed a new fiction of psychological analysis. • Poe has thus often been considered as the father of the modern short story.
•
•
• Roderick 唱了 “The Haunted Palace 闹鬼的宫殿” 并告诉我，他相信这个 房子是有感知的，建筑的石头，屋外的植物都有着某种感知的能力。
在精神分析小说做出了贡献，他对非意识和 潜意识的精神活动的分析非常感兴趣。
• Roderick later informs the narrator that his sister died. The narrator helps the entombment. Roderick decided to put his sister‘s coffin in one of vaults, which have been deserted for a long time. On certain one night that is stormy, Roderick was uneasy. So in order to calm him , the narrator read a story for him , which accidentally strikes Roderick' mind that he buried his sister alive and refused to save her.Finally his sister Madeline came into the room bloody. They died together. The narrator frightened to escape from the house. The house collapsed in the storm.
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险象环生的漂泊久已习惯， 你仙女的风姿伴我回到家园， 还有你紫蓝的秀发，典雅的容颜， 驶向昔日希腊的荣光美满， 奔赴古代罗马的辉煌灿烂。
• All the art and literature originated from one thing--beauty. Having taken Helen as the embodiment of beauty, the poet was confident that once he saw Helen, he was sure to be led by Helen to the home of beauty---fine and pure literature. Poe insisted that Greece and Rome were the homes of beauty, the treasure houses of fine art and literature.
• II. Life and Career
• Born in an actor and actress’s family – his parents died when he was very young –adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan – entered the Virginia University at 17 – West Point where he began to write poetry – then tales – editor of magazines. • at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia who died very young in 1947
• Poe was a fascinating man of imagination. Poe was sensitive enough to feel the pressure of a world where science and reason reign supreme, where “there is neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor help from pain.”
• IV. Poe’s aesthetics
• • • • • • • • • • • 1. Aesthetic writings: The Philosophy of Composition The Poetic Principle 2. Aesthetic ideas: A. Brevity: the poem should be short, readable at one sitting B. Beauty: the chief aim is beauty, namely to produce a feeling of beauty in the minds of the reader The melancholy is the most legitimate of all poetic tones; the death of a beautiful woman is the most poetic topic in the world. C. Purity: Poe is opposed to the heresy of the didactic and called for pure poetry. Besides, he stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or ideas, of poetry.”
Stanza 1
Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore, That gently, o'er a perfumed sea, The weary, way-worn wanderer bore To his own native shore • The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous beauty in Greek mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, was the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, was the guider to that dreamland.
Sonnet: To Science
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Science! true daughter of Old Time thou art! Who alterest all things with thy peering eyes. Why preyest thou thus upon the poet's heart, Vulture, whose wings are dull realities? How should he love thee? or how deem thee wise? Who wouldst not leave him in his wandering To seek for treasure in the jewelled skies, Albeit he soared with an undaunted wing? Hast thou not dragged Diana from her car? And driven the Hamadryad from the wood To seek a shelter in some happier star? Hast thou not torn the Naiad from her flood, The Elfin from the green grass, and from me The summer dream beneath the tamarind tree?
十四行诗——致科学 致科学 十四行诗 科学哟！你是时间忠实的女儿！ 你变更一切，用你眼睛的凝视。 为何要这样蹂躏诗人的心坎儿， 兀鹰，你的翅膀是阴暗的现实？ 他何以爱你？何以认为你深奥， 你总是不愿任凭他去漂泊游荡， 不愿他去镶满钻石的天空觅宝， 纵令他展开无畏的翅翼去翱翔？ 你不是已把狄安娜拖下了马车？ 不是已把山林仙子逐离了森林， 让她去某颗幸运的星躲灾避祸？ 你不是已从水中撵走水泽女神， 把小精灵赶出绿茵，然后又从 凤眼果树下驱散我夏日的美梦？
正如尼安色建造的古船， 在芬芳馥郁的大海徐徐扬帆， 海伦，你的美丽与此相仿， 承载我这游子的疲乏厌倦， 送我重返故土的彼岸。
Stanza 2
On desperate seas long wont to roam, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, The Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece, And the grandeu犹如婷婷玉立的塑像一般， 手中擎着玛瑙明灯一盏！ 啊，你是浦赛克女神下凡， 在圣地降生人间！
• The speaker saw Helen standing in the bright niche and holding in her hand an agate lamp. She was quite similar to goddess Psyche from Greek Myth. Through his description of his passion to Helen, Poe expressed his pursuit and sincere devotion to beauty.
Stanza 3
Lo! In yon brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand! Ah, Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy-Land!
III. Poe’s Major Works
• Poetry • Tales • The Raven 《乌鸦》 • The Black Cat《黑猫》 • The Cask of Amontillado • Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔·李》 《阿芒提拉多的酒》 • To Helen 《致海伦》 • The Gold-Bug 《金甲虫》 • The Bells《钟声》 • Ligeia 《莉姬亚》 • Tamerlane 《帖木尔》 • Purloined Letter 《失窃的信》 • A Dream Within A Dream 《梦中 • The Murders in the Rue Morgue 之梦》 《莫格街谋杀案》 》 • The Haunted Palace《闹鬼的宫殿》 • Other works • The Poetic Principle《诗歌原理》 • The Philosophy of Composition 《创作哲学》
Science’s crime of destroying these beautiful myths is made all the worse by the poem’s harsh language. The vulture has not just nudged the mythical figures out of the picture, but has “dragged Diana from her car” and “torn the Naiad from her flood.”