英国文学简史期末重点

P50

Marlowe’s literature achievement

He was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama.He reformed the English drama and perfected the language and verse（韵文，诗节）of dramatic works.It is Marlowe who first made blank verse(rhymeless iambic抑扬格pentameter五步格诗)the principal instrument of English drama.His blank verse is a living thing;it is vigorous,fluid and precise精确的.It translates thoughts and emotions into rhythmical speech with happy exactness,thus interpreting the restlessly moving and questing spirit of the Renaissance.His blank verse has been described as ‘titanic’and compared to“a swollen river sweeping down on its dried-up channel,filing its broad banks and moving on majestically雄伟的”.Marlowe’s dramatic achievement lies chiefly in his epical,and at times lyrical,verse.He rarely supplies a model in dramatic technicalities.In his plays there is lack of variety in characterization and construction.But he was famous for his “mighty line”。It is mighty and plastic.His work paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist----Shakespeare---whose achievements were the monument of the English Renaissance.

P85

“be”反更容易传达哈姆雷特的感情，“be”是生存又不完全是生存，是活着又不完全是或活着，是发散式的充满张力的语言，所蕴含的丰富而又复杂的意义，超越了生死的解读，是它千愁万绪无处诉时的倾诉，是对生死，存在，善恶的思考以及对真伪的思考。

The character of Hamlet

Hamlet is neither a frail 脆弱的and week-minded youth or a thought-sick book-worm.

1 Hamlet is a humanist,a man who is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions迷信.He has an unbounded love for the world instead of the heaven.

2 Starting from his humanist love of man,he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.He loves good and hates evil.In his contact with the people around him,he cares for nothing but human worth and shows a contempt for rank and wealth.

3 His intellectual genius is outstanding.He is a close observer of man and manners.He easily sees through people.His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted.Hamlet is not a mere scholar,and his nature is by no means simply meditative.On the contrary,Hamlet is a man of genius,highly accomplished and educated,a man of far-reaching perception and sparkling wit.He is a scholar,soldier and statesman.His image reflects the versatility多功能性of the men of the Renaissance.

The Melancholy（忧郁）of Hamlet

There can be no Hamlet without melancholy.But his melancholy is not the negative,hair-splitting and fruitless kind.It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.

The delay in action

延宕复仇的原因In his repeated meditation upon the crime of his uncle,he perceives something rotten in the country affairs,and his sense of personal wrong grows deeper and deeper until it becomes at last a disgust for a world in which such crime prevails.Now,he sees that cruel and unjust rulers are tyrannizing(欺压，施行暴政) the country and his beloved country is a prison for