山东省南四湖流域农业面源污染评价及分类控制_林雪原

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山东省南四湖流域农业面源污染评价及分类控制*

林雪原1，2荆延德1，2＊＊

（1曲阜师范大学地理与旅游学院，山东日照276826；2山东省高校南四湖湿地生态与环境保护重点实验室，山东济宁273165）

摘要为明确山东省南四湖流域农业面源污染状况，有针对性地采取合理的污染控制对

策，采用排污系数法核算了山东省南四湖流域农业面源COD、TN和TP的污染负荷。运用

等标污染负荷法、聚类分析、GIS技术对其污染物排放量、排放强度、敏感性和空间特征以及

污染物分类进行分析。结果表明：2012年山东省南四湖流域农业面源COD、TN和TP的排

放量分别为254574．06、116976．87和15554．42t，排放强度分别为88．18、40．52和5．39

kg·hm－2；流域最主要的污染源为畜禽养殖，最主要的污染物为TN。COD、TN和TP排放

强度最高的地区分别为兖州市、梁山县和鱼台县，而排放强度最低的地区均为山亭区；兖州

市、汶上县、梁山县、定陶县和滕州市为整个流域农业面源污染的高度敏感区和优先控制

区，畜禽养殖是流域优先控制区的重点污染源。农村生活污染型和综合污染型分别是流域

污染贡献率最高和治理难度大的污染类型。

关键词负荷分析；空间特征；敏感性评价；控制对策

中图分类号X501文献标识码A文章编号1000－4890（2014）12－3278－08

Assessment and classified control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Nansihu

Lake Basin，Shandong Province．LIN Xue-yuan1，2，JING Yan-de1，2＊＊（1College of Geography

and Tourism，Qufu Normal University，Ｒizhao276826，Shandong，China；2Key Laboratory of

Nansihu Lake Wetland Ecological and Environmental Protection in Universities of Shandong，Ji-

ning273165，Shandong，China）．Chinese Journal of Ecology，2014，33（12）：3278－3285．

Abstract：To clarify the spatial feature of agricultural non-point source pollution（ANPSP）and

make reasonable pollutant control strategies in the Nansihu Lake Basin，Shandong Province，the

pollution emission coefficient method was used to estimate the chemical oxygen demand（COD），

total nitrogen（TN）and total phosphorus（TP）loads in the Nansihu Lake Basin．Equivalent

standard pollution load method and GIS technology were used to analyze the pollution emission

amount and emission intensity，sensitivity，and spatial characteristics．The cluster analysis was

used to study the classification of the ANPSP．The results showed that the COD，TN and TP

loads of Nansihu Lake Basin were254574．06，116976．87and15554．42t in2012，and the e-

mission intensities of these pollutants were88．18，40．52and5．39kg·hm－2，respectively．

Livestock and poultry breeding were the most important pollution source，while TN was the most

important pollutant．The highest emission intensity occurred in Yanzhou City，Liangshan County

and Yutai County，while the lowest in Shanting District．The highly sensitive areas and priority

control areas were Yanzhou City，Wenshang County，Liangshan County，Dingtao County and

Tengzhou City for the whole Nansihu Lake Basin，and the livestock and poultry breeding were the

key pollutant source of these regions．It is concluded that rural domestic pollution has the highest

pollution contribution rate，while comprehensive pollution is hard to control．

Key words：loading analysis；spatial characteristics；sensitivity assessment；control strategies．

*国家林业局948项目（2012-4-43）、山东省自然科学基金项目（ZＲ2013DM005）和曲阜师范大学实验室开放基金项目（2013SK013）资助。

＊＊通讯作者E-mail：jingyande@163．com

收稿日期：2014-04-16接受日期：2014-09-02