2016高考英语语法填空微技能专项学案
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高考英语语法填空微技能专项学习第一课时学案
2015-11-18
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查学生对语法和词汇的运用能力,语法填空分两种形式:纯空格填空题和提示性填空题。这里先讲第一种情况:纯空格填空题。
做此类题时,首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词,然后根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词,具体分析方法有:
一、限定词
若名词前是空格,且没有限定词,很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词;有的名词前有限定词,比如:序数词,形容词的最高级等,其前用定冠词。
例1:
【2015课标II】 The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.
例2:
【2015广东】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.
例3:
【2010广东】 After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.
二、代词
如果句子中缺少主语或宾语,一定是填写代词。代词可以代替人和事物的名称。如果上文出现过某人或某事物,下文中再次提起时,可以不重复,用代词代替人和事物的名称。
例1:
【2014广东】 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ______ was a wonderful holiday destination.
例2:
【2010广东】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”
三、介词
如果名词或代词前是空格,而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语、或动词的宾语,很可能是填介词。
例1:
【2015课标I】For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
例2:
【2015课标II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ______ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
四、并列连词
若两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词,并且是并列的关系,可能填写并列连词。
例1:
【2014课标II】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
例2:
【2014课标I】But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ______ even a few months.
五、状语从句的连词
如果两个句子出现(一套主谓关系算一个句子),其中一个句子前有空格,就要考虑两个句子之间的关系。如果两个句子之间没有分号,也没有句号,很可能前面带空格的句子就是一个从句。根据句意判断其是什么样的从句,从而选择合适的从属连词。
例1:
【2012广东】 ______he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
例2:
【2011广东】 My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me
______ the bus arrived.
六、名词性从句的连词
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,名词性从句无论作什么成分,其前必须有连接词,连接词that有时候可以省略。
例1:
【2015课标II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
例2:
【2014广东】I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
七、定语从句的关系词
定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。因此当所填空前有一个名词时,且空指代的是名词,那么名词后的从句前应该填写关系词。
例:
【2015课标I】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured
by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
八、疑问代词、疑问副词等
判断句子是否用特殊疑问词时,根据语境来确定,并考虑用什么样的疑问词。
例:
【2013广东】His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”
九、it的用法
It可以作形式主语、形式宾语;虚义it。
例:
【2009广东】 She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
十、强调结构、倒装句的功能词等
注意考查强调结构中的that、who的一些固定结构,倒装结构的功能词等。若句子结构完整,空格后的动词是原形,很可能是填写情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词。
例:
【2014课标II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”
总之,以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能,例题都来自于高考真题,具有代表性。无论试题如何变化,万变不离其宗,只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识,就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。
书面表达
高考英语书面面表达半开放提问求助信
Lora是一名高中生,她想在暑假期间做兼职,但是她的父母不同意,给编辑写了封信,内容如下
Dear Anna: