英美文学

故事简介
故事发生在清教主义色彩浓厚，曾发生“塞勒姆”惨案的塞姆勒镇。

主人公布朗受到恶魔蛊惑，在新婚不久的夜晚独自一人前往森林赴约。

在旅行的途中他多次徘徊不定，想回到妻子费斯的怀抱。

当他来到森林的中间的聚会时，却被人们的虚伪堕落而震惊。

在那里没有好坏之分，没有善恶之分，人们只追求身体上的愉悦与享受。

自此布朗终日郁郁寡欢，失去了信仰，终于抑郁而终。

The story， happened in the Salem town, which is full of the color of puritanism. Brown was deluded by the evil and went to the forest alone after three months marriage. He was wandering through the forest several times during the travel. Whether should he go back or keep going. He found that there is no good or evil in the forest. The people around him， was obsessed with corruption. After Brown went back, he lost his faith and die with severely depression.
写作手法
1.矛盾的宗教观 ambivalent religious outlook His Puritan outlook:
Brown strongly believed that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones.”(一代人犯下的错误会延
续给下一代)
Brown‟s travel was seduced by the evil to follow the elder generation‟s experience. When he was wandering whether should he go back, the evil said “…Such company，thou wouldest say，‟ observed the elder person， interpreting his pause. …well said，Goodman Brown！I have been as well acquainted with your family as with ever a one among the puritans.”
布朗的父辈早就踏入过森林之旅，并犯下了塞勒姆驱巫案和印第安种族迫害案。

其父辈的错误延续给了布朗，使布朗遭受恶魔的引诱重复了父辈的森林之旅。

Brown‟s elder generation had made some mistakes, which is the persecution of Quakes and the Salem witchcraft trails. And the wrong doing of that generations pass onto Brown.
另一方面，在霍桑的作品中，“原罪”是永恒的创作主题，霍桑认为人是天生有罪的，并竭力在小说中描写和刻画隐藏在人们内心中的罪恶。

霍桑认为罪恶是人们的天性，人生来就有罪，但善恶并存，只有战胜原罪才能获得救赎。

On the other hand, Hawthorn insisted that there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity. Besides, he also pointed out that evil is man‟s
birthmark, something he is born with. Hence, they should obey God to atone for their sins.
In almost every book he wrote, he discusses sin and evil.
禁不住恶魔诱惑而去参加森林聚会就是受到原罪的驱使。

在森林的旅途上，布朗多次徘徊不定，想回到费斯的身边，表现了布朗心中对善的向往，此时他的心中善与恶的力量不断斗争，善恶并存。

During the travel, he wants to come back to meet Faith, which shows his goodness. At this time, the good will in his mind is fighting with the evil.
当布朗赶到聚会，看到人们虚伪的丑恶嘴脸时，他的精神为之崩溃，而当他看到妻子费斯也来参加聚会时，他的信仰坍塌了，布朗彻底失去了对宗教、对社会以及对家庭的信仰，最终善的力量消失，布朗被恶魔所控制。

但他不愿活在罪恶之中，只能选择心灵的死亡，达到自我救赎。

Eventually, when he made it to the party, he found the hypocrisy, ugly and evil aspect of human beings. His faith collapsed. What is worse, he noticed that his wife also come here. At last, he lost all of his faith in religion, society and family. And the goodness in his mind disappeared. Therefore, he was controlled by the evil. However, he didn‟t want to live in the shadow of evil. He cannot do anything but to die. For doing this, he can atone for the sins.
霍桑认为，个人在于邪恶斗争的过程中，最终要想获得心灵的解脱，必须选择精神或肉体的死亡。

清教徒的人生就是以自我救赎为目标的历程。

Hawthorn believed that if someone wants to free his mind, he must die physically or psychologically. The life goal of Puritan is to self-atonement (self-salvation).
2.用象征主义手法体现清教主义思想
Symbolism serves as a good technique to embody puritanism.《好小伙布朗》的清教主义思想是通过象征主义手法来实现的。

通过这些象征意义，作者对原罪的内涵，对宗教和社会背景的认识会更加深刻。

The puritanism in Young Goodman Brown was reflected by Symbolism. Through it, the evil and sins in human‟s mind and the cognition of religion and society can be illustrated profoundly
2.1 名字的象征意义
Young Goodman Brown中，young代表年少而单纯，good代表正直而善良，说明布朗是一个年轻善良的小伙子，对罪恶没有太多认识。

Brown代表灰褐色，是一种介于白色与灰色之间的颜色。

白色代表纯洁高尚，其象征意义是善良，黑色代表污秽黑暗，代表邪恶。

在人性中，
黑色和白色其实就象征着恶与善，因此Brown代表了小说阴郁晦涩的基调，为小说营造一种亦正亦邪的氛围。

In the title of this story, Young Goodman Brown，young means purity innocence. Good means integrity and goodness. He didn‟t know too much about evil. Besides, Brown is a color between white and black. White means stainless, black means darkness, evil. In human nature, black and white stands for evil and good.
Faith代表信仰和忠诚。

Faith象征着布朗对家庭对宗教的信仰。

布朗与费斯结合，并深爱费斯，表明了布朗对家庭、对宗教和对社会的虔诚和热爱。

布朗在森林之旅的途中几次挣扎想回到费斯的身边说明了他心中善恶力量的交替，象征着他对信仰的渴望和向往。

而当他经历了聚会回到家中后对费斯视而不见，过着浑浑噩噩的生活，说明了布朗早已丧失了信仰，内心绝望。

Faith means belief and loyalty. What is more, it stands of the faith of family and religion. Brown fell in love with Faith, which means his loyalty and devotion to the society and religion. Brown really wants to go back to meet Faith. It shows that he was keen on faith. After all of the experience, he turned a blind eye to his wife, Faith. What is importantly is that he lost all of his faith in religion, society and family. And the goodness in his mind disappeared also.
以下这一段看情况讲解。

Deacon Gookin是布朗所在小镇教堂里的优秀牧师。

Goody Cloyse 是布朗的精神向导和启蒙老师。

但在布朗去参加聚会的途中却先后遇到了他们。

布朗心中的道德标榜Goody Cloyse与恶魔言语暧昧，动作轻浮，甚至会巫术，可以骑扫把飞行。

Goody与hypocrisy同义，代表伪善、假正经和假装虔诚的人。

Cloyse与close相近。

Goody Cloyse 代表接近虚伪，假装虔诚。

而每周在教堂布道，每天在家中做礼拜的虔诚清教徒Deacon Gookin与恶魔是老相识。

他在深夜骑马去参加森林中的聚会，还生怕赶不上聚会。

Gookin与good相近，代表亲切的，美好的和友善的人。

Deacon在英语中是执事的意思，也有欺骗之意。

Deacon Gookin代表表面上的亲切友好的清教执事。

Deacon Gookin 和Goody Cloyse都象征着清教的堕落。

清教徒表面上高尚虔诚，背地里却贪婪虚伪，与恶魔为伍。

而清教的腐败堕落注定了布朗精神信仰的崩溃，只有抛弃信仰，才能获得救赎，实现灵魂的解放。

2.2 颜色的象征意义 The symbolism of color
《好小伙布朗》中多次提到“the pink ribbons”，pink是一种介于白色和红色之间的颜色。

白色代表纯洁，而红色代表罪恶，介于红白之间的粉色代表布朗的心中既有善又有恶，善恶并存。

布朗既有对善的追求，又抵制不住恶的本性，其象征意义是布朗摇摆不定的宗教追求。

当费斯去参加聚会时，她的粉色丝带脱落，说明她已彻底被恶魔诱惑，趋向于恶。

也象征着布朗的信仰随着丝带的飘远而坍塌。

In this story, “the
pink ribbons” shows up for several times. Red stands for evil, white stands for purity. The pink is a color between red and evil. When Faith took part in the party, her ribbon fell of. At this time, she also deluded by the evil and intended to be evil. Furthermore, it means that Brown‟s faith was drifting away with the ribbon.
故事发生在夜幕降临以后，以黑色为背景，故事中有多次提到dark，shadow， sable和black这些象征黑暗的词，代表了恐惧、阴暗、痛苦和邪恶。

正如18世纪神秘而又令人恐惧的清教主义色彩一样，天气的昏暗、森林的黑暗和小路的阴暗都为故事营造了一种神秘而有恐惧的色彩。

另外，黑暗的氛围代表了布朗不坚定的宗教信仰。

所有的罪恶都发生在黑暗中，黑暗的氛围助长了犯罪心理。

This story was started in the nightfall, and its setting is black. Dark, shadow, black and sable, these words has mentioned several times in this story. All of the evil happened in the darkness and the darkness propels the evil in human‟s mind.
2.3 《圣经》中的象征意义 The symbolism of Bible 在《好小伙布朗》中，恶魔的蛇形手杖—the staff—一共出现了9次，是故事的高频词汇，具有深刻的象征意义。

在《圣经》中，staff 又叫做the rod of God，代表上帝和至高无上的权力。

《圣经》中蛇是恶魔的象征，在伊甸园中，蛇诱惑亚当和夏娃偷食禁果。

所以蛇形的手杖
代表堕落了的恶魔。

在《好小伙布朗》中，恶魔在半路上离开布朗之后留下了蛇形手杖，是蛇形手杖带领布朗一步步走向聚会，走向罪恶的深渊。

In this story, the Staff has a symbolic meaning.
在《圣经》中，staff 又叫做the rod of God，代表上帝和至高无上的权力。

《圣经》中蛇是恶魔的象征，在伊甸园中，蛇诱惑亚当和夏娃偷食禁果。

So, the staff on behalf of evil. When the devil left Brown, it is the staff that led Brown to the party, to the evil.
结语
霍桑善于描写人的堕落和阴暗面，他的作品充满了原罪与救赎。

通过象征主义的运用，《好小伙布朗》深刻的体现了霍桑矛盾的清教主义思想，揭示了故事自我救赎的主题。

Hawthorn is good at describing the depravation and darkness of Human. His works is full of sins and atone. By using symbolism, Young Goodman Brown represents Hawthorn‟s Puritanism and reveals the theme of self-astone.。