高中英语词汇学习需要掌握的十二个概念
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own things in order.
_收___拾__东__西__
(4)He picked up Japanese while living in Japan.
___学__会_____
(5)Where did you pick up that book? I’ve been trying to get it for
◆ I want to be on the squad at the high school level because they win scholarships at state competitions.
Deliberate practice
给提示词加上适当的后缀,并用其正确形式填空。 (1)To live with a heart full of _k_i_n_d_n_e_s_s_ (kind), I was able to tell
___处__理_____
(5)In a perfect world, there would be the facilities and money to treat
every sick person.
___治__疗_____
Deliberate practice
根据上图pick up语义发展规律,写出画线部分在下面语境中的汉 语意思。
◆ Mrs Martin, their elderly neighbor, was unable to take care of her yard, so Serena’s dad had volunteered Serena for this job.
◆ I can’t believe how some intelligent adults misunderstand young people.
(3)Before the show, he treated us to dinner at a restaurant and taught
us not to talk with our mouths full.
___款__待____
(4)It was many years before the city began to treat its water pollution.
高中英语词汇学习必须掌握的 十二个基本概念
目录
一、词源义/基本义
二、词根
三、名词后缀
四、否定前缀
五、词族
六、名词动词化
七、小品词
八、行为抽象名词
九、辨析义
十、英语释义
十一、正式与非正式用语
十二、英汉思维差异
一、词源义/基本义
一、词源义/基本义
词源义是一个英语单词在形成时的最初意义,随着人类社会的 发展,在词源义的基础上又演变产生新的释义,即衍生义。
大部分单词的基本义就是词源义,部分单词的词源义在语言发 展过程中消失了,但总能找到一个各层义项的共同的衍生基础,即 基本义。
紧紧抓住贯穿始终的基本义,培养学生依据基本义在语境中推 测词义的能力,可以帮助学生轻松攻克高频多义词的学习和记忆。
Deliberate practice
“意识培养”:基本义
Deliberate practice “意识培养”:否定前缀
anti- 表示“反对,对抗;相反;防 (止)” dis- 表示“不,否定,相反”
il- / im- / in- / ir-表示“不,非,无”
un-表示“不;相反的状态”
non- 表示“无,不,非”
在黑体词前加表示否定意义的前缀,并用其正源自文库形式填空。
him I was proud. (2)All he needs is a stick, a garden rake and most importantly, his
livelyi_m_a_g_i_n_a_t_io_n(imagine)! (3)In any theatrical p__er_f_o_r_m__a_n_ce(perform) the actors are just a small
根据cross基本义“(画)十字架” ,写出画线部分在下面 语境中的汉语意思。
(1) Put a cross after each wrong answer. ____叉__号______
(2) Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him
work.
选出适当的词,并用其正确形式填空。
courage, discourage, discouraged, discouraging, encourage, encouraged, encouragement, encouraging
(1)Perhaps I can offer a few words of _e_n_c_o_u_r_a_g_e_m__en_tto those who didn’t win any prize this time.
(2)Don’t let a busy schedule __d_is_c_o_u_r_a_g_e you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
(3)Pick yourself up. _C__o_u_r_a_g_e_ is doing what you’re afraid to do. (4) Stores notice that the smell of baked goods e_n_c_o_u_r_a_g_e_sshopping. (5) Why is winning Olympic medals so e_n_c_o_u_r_a_g_i_n_g_?
professional d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m__en_t(develop). (6)The book bears several obvious _s_im__i_la_r_i_ti_e_s (similar) to last year’s
bestseller.
四、否定前缀
四、否定前缀
Deliberate practice
根据以上词根分析示例,写出下列画线单词的汉语释义。
(1)Some of the typewriters went to customers in his own country,
but he exported more to other countries.
(__想__法__、__思__想__等__)__从__脑__中__掠__过__
(3) Owen crossed the ball for Cole to head into the goal. _横__传__(__足__球__、__曲__棍__球__等__)__
Deliberate practice
五、词族
五、词缀
语言在发展过程中积累了很多发音和意义相通或相近的同源 词,不同的同源词可以一组一组地分开,每组自成系统,称为词族 (word family)。一个词族由它的基础形式、不同语法形式和最 常见的派生词组成。有意识地按照词族成组成串记忆,将大大提高 词汇的记忆效率。
Deliberate practice
“意识培养”:基本义
根据cross基本义“(画)十字架” ,写出画线部分在下面 语境中的汉语意思。
(4) Cross Dave’s name off the guest list — he can’t come. _划__掉__;__删__除___
(5) She was sitting on the floor with her legs crossed. ___盘__(__腿__)___
根据上图 treat 语义发展规律,写出画线部分在下面语境中的汉
语意思。
(1)Young people should always treat the elders with respect.
__对__待_____
(2)My parents still treat me like a child.
__对___待____
(1)Do you prefer the smoking area or _n_o_n_-_sm__o_k_i_n_g_ the area, sir?
(2)In order to keep healthy, he decided to change the _u_n_h_e_a_l_th__y_ lifestyle.
Deliberate practice
“意识培养”:否定前缀
(3)“Reduce” is formal, while “cut down” is _i_n_f_o_rm__a_l_. (4)I don’t _d_i_s_li_k_e__ him, but I don’t really like him much
part of the people needed. (4)A good _e_d_u_c_a_t_io_n_ (educate) gives your child a head start in life. (5)Workers in the factory are encouraged to use the library for
after waiting for an hour in the queue. (7)In some states the legal age for drinking is 18, so it’s
___il_le_g_a_l___ to sell alcohol to teenagers under 18.
weeks!
_得__到___;__买__到
(6)He has picked up some bad habits at that club. ____染__上____
二、词根
二、词根
英语单词构成有其规律,掌握了构词规律,可以高效记忆单词。 英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根,词根决定单词的意思。
词根可以单独构成词,也可以通过加前缀(改变单词词义)或 后缀(决定单词词性)来构成新词。
(3)Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive
environment that children need for success in school. ____反__应__;__回__应
(4)He was deported from the country when his visa expired (到期).
把_…__…__驱__逐__出__境_
三、名词后缀
三、名词后缀
名词后缀,即由某些约定俗成的具有名词特征的词素形成的。 把这种后缀加在某个词后边,就可以使这个词变为名词。如表示 “性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”的 -ance, -ence;表示 “性质,状态,程度”的-ity;表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其 结果”的-ment, -tion。
(1)She picked up the phone and put it on the table. __拿__起______
(2)The bus stopped several times to pick up passengers. ___接__送_____
(3)I refuse to pick up after children who are old enough to keep their
either. (5)Smoking is considered as a(n) _a_n_ti_-_so_c_i_a_l habit, which
may cause some social problems. (6)Sarah was usually patient, but she got _i_m_p_a_t_i_e_n_t_
(6) I phoned him up and got a crossed line. _____串__线_____
(7) Believe in them, and your paths will cross! 你__们__将__不__期__而__遇__;__邂__逅___
Deliberate practice
____出__口______
(2)You should have something ready just in case, like a portable
radio, a flash light, a rope, and some candles and matches.
___便__携__式__的___