《人体解剖学》自主神经系统 ppt课件

The cell body of the first neuron is located in spinal cord or brainstem
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7
the second neuron
The cell body of the second neuron are located in ganglia of sympathetic trunk(chain) or coeliac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglions or parasympathetic ganglions.
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2
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Function:
homeostasis of the internal environment.
This is achieved by regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and thermoregulatory mechanisms.
Autonomic nervous system
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1
Autonomic (Visceral) nerve
to be concerned with the innervation and control of visceral organs, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles,and gland.
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16
Sympathetic trunk of lumbar and sacral
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17
The preganglionic fibers innervating the eye, lacrimal gland, mucous membranes of nose,palate,parotid gland, submandibular and sublingual gland terminate in synaptic contact with the postganglionic bodies in the sympathetic trunk of neck.
The postganglionic fibers run around the arteries ,then distribute to the gland,smooth muscles of the eye
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18
Sphincter pupil of the eye-parasympathetic n. Dilator pupil of the eye- sympathetic n.
Autonomic (Visceral) nerve
1.sensory nerve 2.motor nerve
sympathetic division parasympathetic division
most of the structures are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve. One is excitatory and other inhibitory.
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12
Preganglionic sympathetic neurones lie in the lateral horn T1~ 12 ,L1~3 base of anterior horn of spinal cord
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13
Sympathetic division
The sympathetic ganglia lie in the sympathetic chain of ganglia, or in the coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric ganglia.
The postganglionic fibers extends from the peripheral ganglia to the effector organs
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14
Sympathetic trunk of thorax
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15
Sympathetic trunk of neck
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5
Autonomic (Visceral) nerve
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6
Autonomic efferent neurons –-the most remarkable feature
There are sequence of two
neurons between the CNS and the innervated structure
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8
two neurons between the CNS and the innervated structures
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9
Preganglionic and postganglionic fibers
Ø The fiber of the first neurone is referred to as the preganglionic fiber
Ø The fiber of the second neurone is referred to as the postganglionic fiber
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10
Preganglionic & postganglionic fibers
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11
Sympathetic division
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the thoracic 1~12 and upper two or three lumbar segments of spinal cord.