英语语法之被动语态
被动语态的构成和变化规则
被动语态的构成和变化规则被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要结构，用于强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者。
了解被动语态的构成和变化规则对于提高英语写作和阅读的能力至关重要。
本文将详细介绍被动语态的构成和变化规则，并通过实例来帮助读者理解和运用。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成主要由“be”动词的变化形式和过去分词构成。
其中，“be”动词的形式根据情态动词、时态等要求而变化。
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：肯定句：am/is/are + 过去分词否定句：am/is/are + not + 过去分词疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？例如：肯定句：The book is written by the author.（这本书是作者写的。
）否定句：The book is not written by the author.（这本书不是作者写的。
）疑问句：Is the book written by the author?（这本书是作者写的吗？）2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：肯定句：was/were + 过去分词否定句：was/were + not + 过去分词疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？例如：肯定句：The letter was delivered by the postman.（这封信是邮递员送来的。
）否定句：The letter was not delivered by the postman.（这封信不是邮递员送来的。
）疑问句：Was the letter delivered by the postman?（这封信是邮递员送来的吗？）3. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：肯定句：am/is/are + being + 过去分词否定句：am/is/are + not + being + 过去分词疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + 过去分词？例如：肯定句：The project is being discussed by the team.（这个项目正在团队讨论中。
英语语法之被动语态
4)主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
①将主动句的宾语变为主语。 (如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格)。 如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. ②将动词改为“be+过去分词” （be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变）如： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. ③将主动语态的主语改为宾语， 放在谓语动词后。 （如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。）如: He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1.一般现在时 (am/ is/ are+ done) 2. 一般过去时 (was/ were+ done) 3. 一般将来时与过去将来时 will/ shall be + done would/ should be + done
4. 现在进行时与过去进行时 am/ is/are+ being+ done was/ were/ being + done 5. 现在完成时 have / has been + done 6. 过去完成时 had been + done
主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项
被动语态知识点总结
被动语态知识点总结在英语学习中，被动语态是一个重要的语法知识点。
掌握被动语态对于准确、清晰地表达意思以及理解英语文章都具有关键作用。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨被动语态的相关知识。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成是“be ＋过去分词”。
其中，“be”动词要根据不同的时态和主语的人称、数进行变化。
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are ＋过去分词。
例如：“The book is read by many people”（这本书被很多人读。
）一般过去时的被动语态：was/were ＋过去分词。
如：“The house was built last year”（这座房子是去年建的。
）一般将来时的被动语态：will be ＋过去分词或者 be going to be ＋过去分词。
比如：“The meeting will be held tomorrow”（会议将在明天举行。
）现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are ＋ being ＋过去分词。
像：“The problem is being discussed now”（这个问题正在被讨论。
）过去进行时的被动语态：was/were ＋ being ＋过去分词。
“The machine was being repaired at that time”（那时机器正在被修理。
）现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been ＋过去分词。
“The work has been finished”（工作已经完成了。
）过去完成时的被动语态：had been ＋过去分词。
“The task had been completed before he came”（在他来之前任务已经完成了。
）二、被动语态的使用场景1、不知道动作的执行者是谁。
例如：“The window was broken last night”（窗户昨晚被打破了，但不知道是谁打破的。
）2、强调动作的承受者。
语法中的被动语态与完成被动语态
语法中的被动语态与完成被动语态被动语态是英语语法中的一项重要内容，它的应用范围非常广泛。
在本文中，我们将讨论被动语态的不同形式，特别是被动语态和完成被动语态之间的区别。
一、被动语态的基本形式被动语态的基本构成为：“be”动词（即am、is、are、was、were等）+ 过去分词。
例如：1. 主动语态：She writes a letter.被动语态：A letter is written by her.2. 主动语态：They are building the bridge.被动语态：The bridge is being built by them.在被动语态中，动作的执行者或者是不确定的，或者是不重要的。
被动语态通常用于以下情况：- 作者对被动语态更感兴趣；- 需要强调动作的接受者而非执行者；- 重复使用主语会导致重复或歧义的情况。
二、完成被动语态的基本形式完成被动语态是由助动词“have”（形式：have、has、had）加上过去分词来构成的。
它用于表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
例如：1. 主动语态：They have built the house.完成被动语态：The house has been built by them.2. 主动语态：He had finished the project by yesterday.完成被动语态：The project had been finished by him by yesterday.完成被动语态强调的是已经完成的动作，它通常用于以下情况：- 表示过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作；- 强调过去完成的动作的结果。
三、被动语态与完成被动语态的区别被动语态和完成被动语态之间的主要区别在于时间和动作的完成程度。
1. 时间：被动语态通常使用一般现在时，而完成被动语态则使用各种过去时态（如一般过去时、过去完成时等）。
2. 动作的完成程度：被动语态只表示动作的被动，而完成被动语态则强调动作的完成。
八种被动语态谓语结构
八种被动语态谓语结构在英语语法里，谈到被动语态，很多人就开始皱眉头了。
你看，主动语态大家都懂嘛，就是“我吃了苹果”，主语“我”是做动作的那个人。
而被动语态呢？简单来说，就是“苹果被我吃了”，好像苹果也有点委屈的样子，成了动作的接受者。
你看，这种语法结构看似简单，但要做到流利又自然，还是有点小挑战的。
不过，没关系，我来给你捋一捋八种被动语态的结构，咱们一边轻松聊，一边搞定它。
最基础的就是“be + 过去分词”了。
大家常常会看到类似“was eaten”，“is done”之类的句子。
比如说，“The cake was eaten by me” （蛋糕被我吃掉了），这里“was eaten”就是被动语态的经典搭配。
简单直接吧？不过你要注意，主语不是动作的执行者，而是接受动作的对象。
像“这本书被读完了”可以说成“The book was read.”这时候谁读的不重要，关键是这本书已经被读掉了。
有的时候，被动语态里还会加上情态动词，比如“can”或者“must”。
举个例子，“The car can be repaired”就是“这辆车能被修好”。
这里的“can”就给了动作一点额外的含义，表示能力或者可能性。
再比如，“The problem must be solved”就是“问题必须被解决”。
这句话不仅仅是告诉你问题已经被解决了，还强调了这是个“必须”的事。
有一种情况下，我们会用“get + 过去分词”，这也是一种常见的被动语态。
和“be”结构不太一样，“get”显得更加口语化一点，听起来有点活泼。
比如，“He got injured during the match”就是“他在比赛中受伤了”。
这句话的重点是，他受伤了，是发生了什么事，但语气上就比“was injured”更随意一些。
你也可以听到别人说，“I got caught in traffic”——就是“我被困在了交通中”。
这种用法在日常对话中超级常见，特别是在口语里。
被动语态语法知识点总结
被动语态语法知识点总结一、被动语态的基本结构被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构，通过将动作的承受者置于句子的主语位置，强调动作的接受者而非执行者。
被动语态的基本结构为：be动词（am, is, are, was, were）+过去分词。
例如：Active voice（主动语态）：The dog chased the cat.（狗追赶着猫。
）Passive voice（被动语态）：The cat was chased by the dog.（猫被狗追赶。
）二、被动语态的用法1. 强调动作的承受者：被动语态可以将动作的承受者放在句子的主语位置，使其成为句子的焦点。
例如：Active voice: He wrote a book.（他写了一本书。
）Passive voice: A book was written by him.（一本书被他写了。
）2. 隐藏执行者：有时候，句子的执行者并不重要或显而易见，这时可以使用被动语态来隐藏执行者。
例如：Active voice: They built this house.（他们建造了这座房子。
）Passive voice: This house was built by them.（这座房子被他们建造了。
）3. 表示客观事实：被动语态常用于描述客观事实或一般真理。
例如：Active voice: People speak English all over the world.（全世界人们讲英语。
）Passive voice: English is spoken all over the world.（英语在全世界都被讲。
）4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者：当动作的承受者比执行者更重要时，可以使用被动语态将其放在句子的主语位置。
例如：Active voice: The car hit the tree.（汽车撞到了树。
）Passive voice: The tree was hit by the car.（树被汽车撞到了。
被动语态——语法
被动语态英语被动语态的句子是以《be动词+过去分词》的形式来表达，如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接by～，译为“被（由）……”。
1 被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be +过去分词+（by～）.否定句：主语+be not +过去分词+（by～）.一般疑问句：Be +主语+过去分词+（by～）？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+（by～）？被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them.5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.The new road was being made.*过去将来时：should/would+及物动词的过去分词*过去将来完成时: should/would+have been +及物动词的过去分词7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.The tickets had been sold out berore I came to the cinema.8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have doneThey will have been married for 20 years by then.The project will have been completed before May.9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
英语中的被动语态
英语中的被动语态被动语态是英语语法中常用的一种语态形式。
它可以用来表达替换主语的被动语气，使得被动语态句子更加突出动作的接受者或者状态的承受者。
在英语中，被动语态是一种重要的语法结构，对于学习英语的人来说，掌握被动语态的用法非常重要。
一、被动语态的定义及构成方式被动语态是通过在动词前加上助动词“be”的过去分词形式来构成的。
这里的助动词的种类包括“am, are, is, was, were, have(或has), had, will”，并且根据时态的不同将其进行了变化。
例如：一般现在时： am/are/is + 过去分词过去时： was/were + 过去分词现在完成时： have/has + 过去分词将来时： will + be + 过去分词构成被动语态的方式可以用一个简单的公式来表示，即：主语+ 助动词 + 过去分词。
例如：主动： The boy hit the ball.（男孩打了球。
）被动： The ball was hit by the boy.（球被男孩打了。
）二、被动语态的用途1、突出动作的承受者或者状态的承受者被动语态的最主要的用途就是通过替换主语来打出动作的承受者或状态的承受者的差异。
例如：主动： My father bought a new car yesterday.（我爸爸昨天买了一辆新车。
）被动： A new car was bought by my father yesterday.（昨天一辆新车被我爸爸买了。
）2、避免使用主语如果某些情况下，使用主语会使得句子过于重复或者语法不对，那就可以使用被动语态来代替主语。
例如：主动： People say that he is the best student in our school.（人们说他是我们学校最好的学生。
）被动： It is said that he is the best student in our school.（据说他是我们学校最好的学生。
英语语法：被动语态用法大全
英语语法：被动语态用法大全英语语法：被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词 ( + by + 动作执行者) 形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by +行为发出者”，即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态，通过助动词be的变化来表示：1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroomis cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.初中英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种情况：不知道动作的执行者，就是不知道谁干的Dan's bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
被动语态-英语语法
4. Change the original active verb to the past participle form.
1. Identify the subject and the verb in the active sentence.
3. Add the appropriate auxiliary verb "be" before the subject.
Passive Voice - English Grammar
• introduction • The Composition of Passive Voice • Special usage of passive voice • The Conversion of Passive Voice and
Focus
The passive voice focuses on the action, while the continuous tense focuses on the ongoing action and its duration.
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Function
The passive voice expresses an action that has been done, while the continuous tense expresses an ongoing action.
英语语法被动语态知识点梳理
英语语法被动语态知识点梳理在英语语法中，被动语态是一个重要且常用的语法点。
理解和掌握被动语态对于准确、流畅地表达意思以及提高英语语言能力都有着至关重要的作用。
下面咱们就来详细梳理一下被动语态的相关知识。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成是“be ＋过去分词”。
其中，“be”动词要根据不同的时态和主语进行变化，过去分词则保持不变。
比如，一般现在时的被动语态是“am/is/are ＋过去分词”，一般过去时是“was/were ＋过去分词”，现在进行时是“am/is/are ＋ being ＋过去分词”，过去进行时是“was/were ＋ being ＋过去分词”，现在完成时是“have/has ＋ been ＋过去分词”，过去完成时是“had ＋ been ＋过去分词”等等。
举几个例子帮助大家理解：“ The book is written by him ”（一般现在时的被动语态）“ The tree was cut down yesterday ”（一般过去时的被动语态）“ The problem is being discussed now ”（现在进行时的被动语态）“ The work had been finished before he came ”（过去完成时的被动语态）二、被动语态的使用场景1、不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者当我们关注的是动作本身而不是执行者时，就会使用被动语态。
例如：“The window was broken ”（不知道是谁打破了窗户）2、强调动作的承受者为了突出动作的承受者，会使用被动语态。
比如：“This song is loved by many people ”（强调很多人喜欢这首歌，而不是强调谁让很多人喜欢这首歌）3、出于礼貌或委婉在某些情况下，使用被动语态可以使表达更委婉、更礼貌。
比如：“It is suggested that you should come earlier ”（用被动语态比直接说“ We suggest that you should come earlier ”更委婉）三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1、把主动语态中的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
中考英语二轮专项复习语法被动语态考点归纳
初中英语语法专项复习之被动语态考点归纳被动语态是英语中一个重要的语法概念，它通常用于表达动作的承受者或受事者，而忽略动作的执行者。
在英语学习中，掌握被动语态的使用对于提高语言运用的准确性和丰富性至关重要。
下面我将为大家详细介绍被动语态的用法和注意事项。
一、被动语态的定义和结构被动语态表示动作的承受者是主语，而动作的执行者则通常被忽略。
它的基本结构为“be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+过去分词”。
例如:The cake was baked by my daughter. (蛋糕是我的女儿烤的。
)The book has been read many times. (这本书已经被读了很多遍。
)被动语态结构指的是动作的承受者或对象成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者“cake”则成为句子的宾语。
例如，“The cake was baked by my mom.”在这个句子中，是主语，“by my mom”是谓语动词的介词短语，表示动作的执行者是“my mom”。
考点主要集中在以下几个方面:时态和语态相结合:被动语态的句子中，动词的时态和语态需要与主语保持一致。
例如，如果主语是第三人称单数，则动词要用第三人称单数形式。
强调句:在被动语态中，通常使用强调句来强调动作的承受者。
例如，“The cake was baked by my mom”中，“by my mom”可以强调“my mom”这个承受者。
省略句:在被动语态中，有时候可以省略主语或谓语动词。
例如，“The letter was written by John”中，“John”被省略了。
否定句:在被动语态中，可以使用否定句来表示动作不是由主语执行的。
例如，“The car was not repaired by the mechanic”中，“not”表示这个动作不是由“mechanic”执行的。
复合结构:在被动语态中，可以使用复合结构来表达多个动作。
英语语法学习：被动语态的应用
英语语法学习：被动语态的应用英语语法学习：被动语态的应用被动语态在英语语法中占据着重要的位置。
它是指所谓的“被动句式”即由主语所受动作来建立语法句式。
在英语的日常生活和学习中常常会用到被动语态。
下面就让我们一起来了解一下被动语态的应用。
一、被动语态的概念被动语态是指将主语变为被动形式，使其成为动作的承受者。
它的基本结构是：be（助动词） + 过去分词。
被动语态强调的是动作的承受者和动作的对象，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The book was written by him（这本书是他写的）。
在这个句子中，“book” 是承受者，“him” 是执行者，“written” 是动词的过去分词。
二、被动语态的用途被动语态有许多用途，以下是其中的几个：1.强调动作的承受者被动语态通常用于强调主语是被动的承受者，而不是动作的执行者。
例如：“The cake was eaten by Tom”（这个蛋糕是被汤姆吃掉的）。
在这个句子中，“cake” 是承受者，“Tom” 是执行者，“eaten” 是过去分词形式，被动语态凸显了主语即“cake”。
2.避免指责被动语态通常用于避免指责或非难，也就是说，使句子更委婉。
例如：“Mistakes were made”（出了错）。
在这个句子中，没有指明是谁犯的错，“mistakes” 是被动形式的主语，这在一定程度上缓和了罪责。
3.重复强调被动语态还可以用于重复强调动作的受体，以加强语气。
例如：“The money was stolen. My car was stolen too”（钱被偷了，我的车也被偷了）。
在这个句子中，两个不同的事情用同样的结构来表达，以重复强调动作的受体。
4.文章写作被动语态在文章写作中也经常被使用，尤其是在科技、学术和新闻等场合。
使用被动语态可以使文章更加客观和严谨。
例如：“A new vaccine has been developed”（新的疫苗被开发出来了）。
英语被动语态语法讲解
初中被动语态语法讲解一语态分类英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：They will build a new bridge over the river. 主动A new bridge will be built over the river. 被动汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成.二被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样.以 give 为例,列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall /will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时.三常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：1People grow rice in the south of the country.2The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：1They agreed on building a new car factory last month.2The students didn't forget his lessons easily.3. 一般将来时：1They will send cars abroad by sea.2They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.5. 现在进行时：1The radio is broadcasting English lessons.2 We are painting the rooms.6. 过去进行时：1The workers were mending the road.2This time last year we were planting trees here.7. 现在完成时：1Someone has told me the meeting might be put off.2He has brought his book here.四含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.1Youmust hand inyour homework after class.2Hecan writea letter with the computer.五被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语.“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语.These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.3.当主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in +名词作状语,而代替 by短语.These cars were made in China.六主动语态变被动语态的方法1My auntinvitedmeto her dinner party. 主语谓语宾语→Iwas invitedbymy aunt to her dinner party. 主语谓语宾语2The schoolset up a special class to help poor readers.→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致.3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略.如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in +地点名词作状语.七语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致.We have bought a new new computer has been new computer have been bought.错误2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语指物改为主语,则在间接宾语指人前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词 to,如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等.1 The book was showed to the class.2 My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词 for,如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等.1 A new skirt was made for me.2 The meat was cooked for us.3 Some country music was played for us.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉.这类动词有：不及物动词+介词,如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等.The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物动词+副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等.His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather4.带复合宾语宾语+宾补的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面.如：1 We always keep the classroom clean.→The classroom is always kept clean.2 She told us to follow her instructions.→We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题.We often hear him play the guitar.→He is often heard to play the guitar.5.当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态.如：Nobody can answer this question.误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody.6.当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态.如：They haven't done anything to make the river clean.误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7.以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用by whom放在句首：Who wrote the story 误：Who was the story written 正：By whom was the story written8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等.如：1The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗.2The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销.对比：The books sell well. 主动句The books were sold out. 被动句The meat didn’t cook well. 主动句The meat was cooked for a long time. 被动句9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如：feel,look, seem, taste, sound, remain等.1—Do you like the material—Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft.2The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious.3The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二,谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own 等.如：He entered the room and got his book. 误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned.第三,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等.The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四,不及物动词没有被动语态,如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等.When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如：I taught myself English. 误：Myself was taught English.We love each other. 误：Each other is loved.10.在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如：据说……It is said that …据报导……It is reported that …据推测……It is supposed that …希望……It is hoped that …众所周知……It is well known that …普遍认为……It is generally considered that …有人建议……It is suggested that …1 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.。
高中英语语法——被动语态(30张PPT)
主语
谓语 宾语
二、被动语态的一般结构：
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动 词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被 动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来 的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与 被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行 者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
即：be+ done (+ by)
结构： be+ done (+ by)
1. Liu Xiang has ever broken the world record. The world record has ever been broken by Liu Xiang.
2. The floor has been cleaned by my mother.
My mother has cleaned the floor.
The old library is going to be pulled down soon.
E.g.:他的新书下个月就要出版了。
His new book is going to be published next month.
2 be to do sth. be to be done
E.g.:这个任务要在10分钟之内完成。
The wall is about to be painted by the worker.
Obama has become
the first AfricanAmerican president in the United States of America.
The Present Perfect Tense Sentence structure:
subject + have/has +been+ done
(完整版)英语语法之被动语态
被动语态一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种,即：主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。
”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的.”二、动语态的运用(1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如：Paper is made from wood。
（纸是由木材生产出来的。
）The house is quite old。
It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了.）Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。
）(2）需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can't be used in the maths exam。
（计算器不能用于数学考试.）Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
）He was awarded first prize in that contest。
（他在比赛中获得了第一。
）（3）为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month。
（新实验室必须在下个月底前完工.）三、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态.被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(p．p）”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为：1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now。
初中英语语法——被动语态(共26张)ppt课件
三、主动语态和被动语态的构成及用法
◆被动语态的构成 1.被动语态的基本结构：be +动词过去分词 2.各种时态的主动被动语态结构
被动语态的基本结构： 主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 Trees are planted every year.
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◆被动语态的用法
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 4．动作的发出者不是人时。
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一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。
动词的语态
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一、动词的语态定义： 动词语态是指特殊的动词形式，用以表示动作的主语和宾语之间的关系。
1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被 动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing（to be repaired） 2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式； 而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
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被动语态考点命题的四个切入点 1. 在语境中考查被动语态的用法 — I don’t suppose the police know who did it. — Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _______ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 答案为 B。
根据常识，被抓的嫌疑犯应该是“被”审问，故应用被动 语态；再根据句末的 now 可知，应用现在进行时。
2. 利用汉语干扰考查被动语态The water _______ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A. was feltB. is felt C. felt D. feels答案为 C。
尽管句中的 feel 含有被动意味，但由于它是不及物动 词，所以不能用于被动语态，故排除 A 和 B；再根据其后的 joined 可 知，应用一般过去时。
3. 综合考查被动语态与时态I got caught in the rain and my suit _______.A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined答案为 C。
此题可用排除法来做。
根据 my suit 与 ruin 的关系可 知，此处应用被动语态，故可排除选项 A 和 B；再根据 get caught in the rain 与 be ruined 的先后关系，显然应是先被雨淋，然后才是衣服 被弄脏，所以不能选 D。
4. 综合考查被动语态与虚拟语气If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _______ in science and technology.A. had discovered B. had been discoveredC. has discovered D. has been discovered答案为 D。
此题可用排除法来做。
根据 what 与 discover 的关系可 知，此处应用被动语态，即指被发现的东西，故可排除选项 A 和 C；由 于句子使用了虚拟语气， 所以此题的迷惑性很大，许多考生会误选 B。
其实，由于句中的虚拟语气是对现的情况进行假设(注意句中的 today)，而且“在科学和技术方面所取得的发现”指的是现在的事实，而 非假设，所以此处要用现在完成时，而不能用过去完成时。
有关被动语态的几个重要考点 ■将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageencouraged D. are encouragedC. is解析：主语是 all the employees(复数) ，而不是 the manager，排 除答案 A 和 C；又因 all the employees 与 encourage 是被动关系，要用 被动语态，排除 B，故选 D。
2. A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredofferedD. have offeredC. are解析：a library 是 offer 的承受者，要用被动语态，排除 B 和 D；又 因主语(library) 是单数，排除 C；故选 A。
注意：with five thousand books 是 a library 是定语。
■将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that thatB.not be sent;C. should not be sent; what send; whatD. should not解析：因 he 与 send 是被动关系，排除 D；又因 it (is) necessary 后 的 that 从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”，排除选项 A；答句中的 表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用 that；故选 B。
■将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend came ______.A. did the computer repaired the computerB. be repairedC. was the computer repaired computer was repairedD. the解析：因 the computer 与 repair 是被动关系，排除 A；又因 only 加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项 D 和 B；故选 C。
■将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill.A. take takenB. take of D. be taken ofC. be解析：由固定短语 take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care 与 take 是被动关系，排除 A 和 B；选项 C 中又漏掉了 of；故选 D。
■在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadepersuadedD. are persuadedC. be解析：因 people 与 persuade 是被动关系，排除 A 和 B。
又因为主 语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选 D。
2. Hundreds of jobs ______if the factory closes.A. lose lostD. will lostB. will be lostC. are解析：因 lose 与 jobs 是被动关系，排除 A 和 D；又因条件状语从 句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选 B。
3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______each year.A. were washed away washed awayB. is beingC. are washing away being washed awayD. are解析：因 good earth(沃土) 与 wash away(冲走) 是被动关系，排 除 C；又因 quantities of…作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除 B；指近阶段 (近些年) 正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除 A；故选 D。
4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It ______ for weeks.()A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t cleancleanedD. hasn’t been cleanedC. wasn’t解析：由 is 和 for weeks 可知，要用现在完成时态，排除 B 和 C； 又因 It (The window) 与 clean 是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选 D。
5. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invited not been invitedB. haveC. hadn’t been invited inviteD. didn’t解析：因为 I 与 invite 是被动关系，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之 前，got married 是过去，invite 就该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成 时的被动语态，只有 C 正确。
6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.A. has been completed completedB. hasC. will have been completed completedD. will have解析：因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用，所以由 by 2006 可排除 A 和 B；又因为 work 与 complete 是被动关系，所以要被动语 态，只有 C 正确。
7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______run over by a car.A. haveB. getC.becomeD. turn解析：you与run over是被动关系，选项中只有get才可与过去分词run构成被动语态，故选B。
英语被动语态总结英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught过去进行时：have／has been＋taught现在完成时：have／has been＋taught歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。