新视野大学英语4第四版Unit1sectionA教案

Unit 1 Section ALove and logic: The story of a fallacy Objectives：To talk about love and logicTo further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the narrative essay writing skillContentsWarming-up ActivitiesText StudyLanguage ApplicationSummaryWarming-up ActivitiesLead-in1.What do you know about logic?When it comes to making a choice, many people tend to use rational and logical reasoning;Males are more rational than females;2.Do you think it is possible to deal with life in a completely rational and logical way?Rational world is not necessarily a wonderful one;Rational individuals can make choices that are bad news for others;It is ridiculous to deal with love in a logical way.Pre-reading Activities1.The following are some statements to test your reasoning ability. Tell whether the conclusions after the word “Therefore” are true (T), false (F), or uncertain (U). Write your answer on the line before each statement.number statements True or false 1All odd numbers are integers ( 整数 ). All even numbersare integers. Therefore, all odd numbers are evennumbers.2There are no dancers that aren ’ t slim and no singersthat aren ’ t dancers. Therefore, all singers are slim.3 A toothpick ( 牙签 ) is useful. Useful things are valuable.Therefore, a toothpick is valuable.Three pencils cost the same as two erasers. Fourerasers cost the same as one ruler. Therefore, pencilsare more expensive than rulers.5Class A has a higher enrollment than Class B. ClassC has a lower enrollment than Class B. Therefore,Class A has a lower enrollment than Class C.6 A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons.There are more lemons in the basket than oranges.Therefore, the basket contains more apples thanoranges.7Taking the train across town is quicker than takingthe bus. Taking the bus across town is slower thandriving a car. Therefore, taking the train across townis quicker than driving a car.8All the tulips in Zoe ’ s garden are white. All the rosesin Zoe’ s garden are yellow. Therefore, all the flowersin Zoe’ s garden are either white or yellow.2. Listen to a short passage on logic, and fill in the missing information.Cultural Background- Logic and Fallacy1.What is a fallacy? And how is it used?An error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid;By accident or design, logical fallacies are often used in debate or propaganda;To mislead people;To distract people from the real issue for the purpose of winning an argument.2.How many types of fallacy do you know?Red Herring ( 转移话题)/Begging the Question( 循环论证)/Slippery Slope (滑坡谬误)/Bandwagon ( 从众谬误 )/False Dilemma ( 伪两难谬误 )/False Cause (post hoc) (假因谬误 )/Ad Hominem (人身攻击)/Appeal to Authority (诉诸权威)/Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)/Hasty Generalization (草率结论 )/Ad Misericordiam (文不对题 )/False Analogy (错误类比 )Text Study1. Main idea and structureWhat did the narrator do with his roommate Rob? (Para.1)They made a deal that the narrator gives Rob his leather jacket, and Rob, in exchange,gives the narrator his girlfriend.Why did the narrator want to have Polly as his girl friend? (Paras. 2-3)Pretty, well-off, radiant;The right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer;Help the narrator in his competition with other applicants to some elite law firms.Part I — Paras. 1– 3The author sets the scene of the story by providing information about the four“ wh-”words: who, where, what, and why.“Who” refers to the narrator, his roommate Rob, and the beautiful girl Polly. “ Where ” refers to. “What ” and “ why ” referto what to do and why to do it: The narrator decides to make Polly“” because as a promisingly brilliant lawyer, he wants to have a girlfriendwho is not only beautiful but also intelligent.Part II — Paras. 4-25The narrator tries to help Polly become smarter by giving her lessons in logic. Altogether he spends five nights teaching Polly four logical fallacies , namely, Dicto Simpliciter,Hasty Generalization , Ad Misericordiam, False Analogy.Part III — Paras. 26-43When asked to be the narrator ’s girl friend, Polly refutes his arguments with the exactlogical fallacies taught by him and refuses by making full disclosure that she is dating the narrator simply because it is a trick she and Rob have decided to play on him in order to get his leather jacket.2. Structure of the text.The narrator and Rob make a deal: the exchange of a leather jacket for Polly. (Para. 1)Introduction to the storyPolly has some basic Polly needs to be made more qualities to be the girlfriend of intelligent . (Para. 3)a lawyer.(Para. 2)Body (Development of the story)Why logic is The first logical e second logical The third logical The fourth logical important(Para.fallacy taught to fallacy taught to fallacy taught to fallacy taught to 4-8)Polly: Dicto Polly: Hasty Polly: Ad Polly: FalseSimpliciter Generalization Misericordiam Analogy (Paras.(Paras. 9-11)(Paras. 12-15)(Paras. 16-21)22-25)Climax & End“We make apretty goodcouple. ”HastyGeneraliza-tion.(Paras. 26-30)“You don’thaveto eat a whole cake to knowit’s good. ”False Analogy.(Paras. 31-32)Climax of the“Please saystory:you ’llgo out withme. I ’m nothingPolly refuses towithout you. ”be the narrator’sAdgirlfriend.Misericordiam.(Paras. 38-43)(Paras. 33-35)“You knowthethingsyou learn in school don ’thaveanything to do with real life. ”Dicto Simpliciter.(Paras. 36-37)3. Summary of the textLove and logic: The story of a fallacyMy roommate Rob made a pact with me that he’ dgive me his girlfriend Polly in exchange for my jacket. And I agreed.Polly had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer like myself. She was pretty,well-off,and radiant.Still,I want to dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her“-spokenwell ” .So I tried my best to teach her such logical fallacies as Dicto Simpliciter, Hasty Generalization, Ad Misericordiam,and False Analogy.After five nights of diligent work,I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last.When I asked her to develop our relationship into a romantic one,however,she refuted my arguments as those logical fallacies I had taught her! And she refused my proposition by making full disclosure: She liked Rob in leather, therefore, she had told him to make the pact with me so that Rob could have my jacket .4. Practical phrasesPractical PhrasesSpecific Meanings Examples1. In exchange for ⋯作为对⋯⋯的交换In exchange for a peaceful environmentfor the future generations, ourrevolutionary predecessors shed theirblood and even sacrificed theirprecious lives.2. Set a date for为⋯⋯定日期3. Appeal to唤起；吸引In order to achieve success, one had better start immediately rather than set dates for his/her efforts.This university boasts many world-famous experts, professors, and the world ’ s best research library,4.make/draw an analo gy between5.Make sth. out of sb./s th.6.Give sb. the axe7. Be dripping with⋯therefore, it appeals to students andresearchers from all over the world.在⋯⋯之间作类比We often make an analogy betweenstudying and climbing a mountain:both of them require great effortsbefore you can reach the top.The aim of the military academy is to使⋯⋯变成⋯⋯make qualified officers out of theyoung cadets after four years’ studyand training.抛弃（恋人）；解雇If you continue playing your preciouscollege years away, success will giveyou the axe upon graduation.满是⋯⋯Though the beautiful lady is drippingwith jewels, her words and actions aredripping with vulgarity and rudeness.5. Functional patternsFunctional PatternsFunctions & Usages Examples如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一1. If sb. could do⋯,s半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。