Unit 6 Text A Life and Medicine
Unit six Traditional Chinese Medicine中国传统医药
[参考答案]
1. Western medicine. It is quick to display effects to cure the disease. But my parents prefer to take traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In their opinions, the traditional Chinese medicine produces fewer side effects and it can improve the overall immune system of the body. 2. China healthcare system is challenged by providing services for the most populous country with 1.3 billion people and a majority of rural residents. China implemented several health insurance reforms in the last few years. Besides commercial medical insurance, current healthcare system consists of three main social insurance programs: Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) for the urban employed (1997), Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) for urban residents without formal employment, New Cooperative Medical System (NCMS) for the rural population (2003).
医学英语视听说第二版卢凤香答案
医学英语视听说第二版卢凤香答案第一章单词表Unit 11.body2. brain3. heart4. liver5. kidney2.stomach 7. lung 8. bone 9. muscle 10. skinUnit 21.headache2. cough3. fever4. toothache5. sore throat2.runny nose 7. backache 8. stomachache 9. diarrhea 10. dizzinessUnit 31.hypertension2. diabetes3. asthma4. arthritis5. cancer2.obesity 7. allergy 8. depression 9. insomnia 10. anemiaUnit 41.nurse2. doctor3. surgeon4. dentist5. pharmacist2.psychiatrist 7. physiotherapist 8. optometrist 9. radiologist 10. occupational therapist第二章句型表达Unit 11.What’s the matter with you?2.I have a headache.3.You should see a doctor.4.I need to stay home and rest.5.I will take some medicine.Unit 21.I have a fever and a sore throat.2.You should see a dentist for a toothache.3.I am feeling dizzy.4.I have a runny nose and a cough.5.I have a stomachache and diarrhea.Unit 31.My blood pressure is too high.2.I have been diagnosed with diabetes.3.I am allergic to peanuts.4.I have insomnia and depression.5.I need to lose weight because of obesity. Unit 41.I want to be a nurse.2.I want to become a doctor.3.I am interested in surgery.4.I want to work as a dentist.5.I want to study pharmacy.第三章阅读材料Unit 1Text: Introduction to the Human BodyThe human body is a complex system of organs, tissues, and cells that work together to maintain homeostasis and ensure the survival of the individual. The body is made up of several different systems, including the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. Each system has its own unique function and contributes to the overall health and well-being of the body.Unit 2Text: Common Illnesses and TreatmentsThere are many common illnesses that affect people of all ages. Some of these include the common cold, the flu, and allergies. The most common treatments for these illnesses include rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications. In more severe cases, prescription medications may be necessary. It is important to see a healthcare professional if symptoms persist or worsen.Unit 3Text: Chronic Diseases and their ImpactChronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, have a significant impact on the individual’s quality of life. These diseases often require long-term management and treatment. It is important for individuals with chronic diseases to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan and learn how to manage their condition effectively.Unit 4Text: Careers in HealthcareThere are many career options available in the healthcare field. Some of these include nursing, medicine, surgery, dentistry, and pharmacy. Each career requires a different set of skills and qualifications. It is important for individuals interested in pursuing a career in healthcare to research the different options and choose a career path that aligns with their interests and goals.第四章课文翻译Unit 1Text: Introduction to the Human Body人体是由多个器官、组织和细胞组成的复杂系统，它们共同协作，维持稳态，确保个体的生存。
外研社2024学术英语(理工)(第二版)-U6课件
Unit Contents
1 Critical reading
Critical thinking (distinguishing between facts and opinions) Understanding the text Enhancing language ability Doing research projects
1. What example does the speaker give when he describes the size of nanometer? A nanometer is even smaller than a hundred-thousandth the width of a human hair.
2. Why does the speaker mention Star Trek, an American science fiction series? What we thought unbelievable can become a very real possibility.
3. What’s the function of assemblers? They can replicate themselves and produce anything.
word and phrase in each row may not be a synonym for
the words or phrase in bold. Cross it out if any. (P226)
Paras. 1-10
1○
2○
3○
6 drastically 7 ○
8○
4 conduct 9○
1. Critical Reading
复旦学术英语(医学)课后问答题期末复习
What things about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions run through the author’s mind? (Pre. 3)
• Good Things
• Blood tests done • Glucose a little better • Her blood pressure good but not great
What are the reasons why doctors kept awake at night? Are they the reasons of their neuron overload? • What is the use(Pre. of the6) numbers? Use these numbers
• Justify “the realization that world health is indivisible”.(Pre. 4) • Attention to the health conditions of the globe before satisfying OUR most parochial (地方范围的) needs • Meaninglessness of borders to pathogenic (致病的) microbes • With 24 hours of time, from a crowded marketplace in Kikwit, Zaire to a New York City subway
Are those proposed solutions, like computer-generated reminders, case managers, ancillary services, capable of solving the author’s problem of overload? (Pre. 7)
研究生英语综合教程UNIT6课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT6What does it feel like to help dying patients through their final days? Experience it through the eyes of hospice nurse Jill Campbell, who does her job with grace, compassion, and gratitude.1.Outside, it's noisy on this busy block of row houses in Baltimore. But inside one tidy living room, all is quiet except for the sound of a woman's raspy breathing. The patient is huddled in an easy chair under a handmade pink-and-blue afghan, a knit cap on her head and booties on her feet. She has trouble staying warm these days. Her cancer has returned with a vengeance and she has only a few weeks to life.Hospice nurse Jill Campbell kneels down beside her patient, listens to her breathing, and then checks her blood pressure. Campbell has already hauled in oxygen tanks, showed family members how to work them, organized the medicine, and assessed how her patient has been eating and sleeping.2.But now is a moment to connect one-on-one. Campbell wraps her hands around the woman’s hands and rubs them together to warm them. She looks into her face. “are you feeling a little better?” she asks softly.3.Getting to know her patients and helping them through the toughest time of their lives is what Campbell, 43, appreciates most about being a hospice nurse. “I don’t know of another position where you can do more for people,” she says.4.Her patients have all been told that they have six months or less to live. Rather than continue with often-difficult or painful treatments that probably won’t extend their lives, they have decided to stop trying for a cure. Instead, with the help of hospice care, they’ll focus on comfort and on living whatever they have left of their lives to the fullest ---usually in their own home.5.Being able to die at home is a major part of the appeal of hospice, but patients and family members may not see it that way at first. “A lot of people still view hospice as giving up and letting the disease in,” says Campbell. That’s why the decision to call in hospice care can be an incredibly difficult one for a family to make. Once they do, though, most patients and their families soon understand the value of having a team of dedicated professionals---including social workers, health aides, chaplains, and nurses---work together to provide not only physical but also emotional and spiritual support. 帮助即将离世的患者度过最后的时光会是怎样的感受呢？让我们借助吉尔·坎贝尔的所见经历这一切吧。
新北师大版高中英语必修二U6TheAdmirableLesson1AMedicalPioneer课件
A Medical Pioneer
1
Tu was awarded a Nobel Prize
Tu’s personal information
&scientific work
2
personal information
2-4
3-4
scientific work
5
attitude
honour
Activity 2.1 Read para.1 Find out the “6 w” information (when\where\who\what\why\how).
Science
Centre
became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field
was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
What do you know about her？
• a medical researcher • a Nobel Prize winner • a female scientist • to find a cure for malaria • to discover a life-saving drug
Why? Discovered the life-saving drug, artemisinin
新编研究生综合英语教程Unit 6 Text A 删节版
and rubs them together to
warm them. She looks into her face. “are you feeling a little better?” she asks softly.
She has trouble staying warm these days. Her cancer has returned with a vengeance
and she has only a few weeks to live.
Hospice nurse Jill Campbell kn
showed family members how to work them, organized the medicine, and assessed how her patient has been eating and sleeping.
chair under a handmade pink-and-blue afghan, a knit cap on her head and booties on her feet.
屋构成的繁忙街区，外面一片喧
闹，但是在里面一间洁净的卧室 里，除了只能听到一位女士刺耳
的呼吸声之外，周围一片寂静。
这位病人蜷缩在一把安乐椅上 , 身上盖着一条厚厚的手工制的粉 蓝色毛毯、头上戴着一顶针织帽， 脚上穿着一双软毛袜。这些天来 这位病人一直没办法让自己保持 温暖的状态。她的癌症复发了， 而且到了很严重的程度。她在世 上的日子不过几个星期了。
临终关怀护士吉尔·坎贝尔屈
伸跪在她的病人身旁，听她的 呼吸，检查她的血压。坎贝尔 已经把氧气瓶拉近了，她向病 人家属展示如何使用氧气瓶，
down beside her patient, listens to
医学人文英语教程答案
Unit 1. History of medicineKeysText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary, and pay attention to the tense, voice and collocations of the verbs.1. is credited with;2. are sometimes referred to as;3. was supposed to;4. were espoused by;5. in addition to;6. was attributed to;7. categorize;8. is given credit for;9. though.Sentence Simulation（略）Translate the following sentences into English.1.Hippocrates proposed the humoral theory that the body of man has four distinct bodily fluidsin itself: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, different mixture of which leads todifferent temperaments.2.In ancient Greece, career as a doctor was passed on from father to son, so Hippocrates studiedmedicine under his father from his early age.3.Ancient Greek medicine was a field restricted by religious superstition where wizards cureddiseases by means of prayer, magic or ritual recitation of spells.4.It now appears that Hippocrates was incorrect in his explanation of the causes of humantemperament, but his temperament categories and names have been in use ever since.5.Ancient Western doctors about to enter medical practice were required to take an oath onmedical ethics, which was derived from the oath of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician revered as "father of medicine” in the West.6.As the father of Western medicine, Hippocrates is the first to formulate the code of ethics thatdoctors are required to comply with. Furthermore, his medical opinions and medical practice have exerted a huge influence on the development of Western medicine for centuries.Text BAnswer the following questions according to text B you have read.1. Four traditional examination methods: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and touching.2.①TCM can make diagnoses and treat patients without needing a scientific understanding of cause and pathogenesis.②the fundamentals of TCM remain largely unchanged and its theories inexplicable to science.3.①the methodological quality of trials is low.②Most of these trials are published in Chinese, inaccessible to western doctors, and not included in systematic reviews.③Selective publication of positive trials is another problem.4. All natural phenomena could be categorised into Yin and Yang (two opposite, complementary, interdependent, and exchangeable aspects of nature), everything in the universe consisted of five basic elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water), and the universe was constantly changing towards dynamic balance or harmony. Yin refers largely to the material aspects of the organism and Yang to functions. There is a circulation of Qi (energy) and blood. The organs work together by regulating and preserving Qi and blood through the so-called channels and collaterals. Disease occurs after a disturbance in Yin-Yang or flow of Qi or blood, or disharmony in the organs caused by pathogenic (eg, sadness, joy, lifestyle) and climatic factors (dampness, heat, cold). Treatment aims to expel or suppress the cause and restore balance.Unit 2 Health professionals for a new centuryText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1.integration2.kept pace with3.adopts4.In view of5.effectiveness6.ultimate7.acquiring8.attributes9.shifts10.encounterTranslate the following sentences into English.7.Medical science is no longer simply biomedicine, but a comprehensive discipline ofhumanities, social sciences and biomedicine.8.Science and technology development, along with social progress, has put forward higherdemands and greater challenges on higher medical education.9.Medical education is characterized by a high degree of specialization and practicality, as wellas a comparatively high cost and a long training cycle.10.It is the main task of medical schools to train good doctors needed by the people.11.The objective of clinical medical education is to train capable and well qualified academicdoctors with a solid professional foundation and a broad spectrum of knowledge.12.The innovation of teaching methods has not only improved the students' initiative andenthusiasm to learn, but also enhanced the quality of clinical teaching and practice.13.In spite of its great progress, our country’s medical education still fails to keep pace withsocial progress, development of science and technology, and needs for medical and healthreform.Translate the following passage/sentence into Chinese.1.过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。
泛读教程第六单元：Unit_6-Right Drug, Wrong Patient
You can’t rely solely on your doctor (Para. 10-15)
• Why you can’t rely solely on your doctor?
1. Most physicians get only one year of formal training in medical school on the use of prescription drugs. And continuing education is not required.
Medication Errors
• A medication error occurs when any of the following actions are taken: • A drug is given to the wrong patient • The wrong drug is given • The drug is given at the wrong time • The wrong dose is given • The wrong data was documented
Close Reading_Part 2 (9-31)
Here is what we need to know: 1. You can not rely solely on your doctor 2. A White coat does not make a pharmacist 3. You can get the right drug, but wrong dose 4. The safety net has holes 5. Little watchdog oversight exists
lying in bed e.g. He’s been on his back for
新应用大学英语第1册三习题库
新应用大学英语综合教程第一册三习题库大学英语系2015-2016-1ContentsUnit 1 (1)Unit 2 (6)Unit 3 (10)Unit 4 (17)Unit 5 (22)Unit 6 (29)Unit 7 (36)Unit 8 (42)Keys to Unit 1 (48)Keys to Unit 2 (50)Keys to Unit 3 (52)Keys to Unit 4 (55)Keys to Unit 5 (57)Keys to Unit 6 (61)Keys to Unit 7 (66)Keys to Unit 8 (69)Unit 1 Campus预习题Section One: Before ReadingIN-Depth Reading : What I Wish Someone Had Told Me1. Oral practice :Lead-in questions:①What are the differences between college life and middle school life?②Were you accustomed to college life in the first month after you entered the college? How did you feel then?③Does College Life Meet Your Expectations?3．Language Points1) figure out:弄懂，弄清楚；计算（数量或成本）Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?T___________________________________________________________________你能搞清楚王菲，周迅，李亚鹏，谢霆锋等人之间的关系吗？T___________________________________________________________________2) now that表示“既然，由于”的意思，后面接that引导的句子，that可以省略。
北师大版高中英语必修第二册精品课件 UNIT 6 Section A
Later
She studied 6. Chinese medicine for two and a half years.
Activity 3 Read Para.3 and choose the best answer. 7.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
√A.Tu Youyou’s research.
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节 Task 4 Read the text carefully and finish the following exercises. Activity 1 Read Para.1 and judge the following statements true(T) or false(F). 1.Tu Youyou was awarded a Nobel Prize for discovering a drug treating cancer.
Eight years later,Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship,the highest prize given to graduates.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician5 in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Within six months,she was named a chief resident physician,a position that usually took four years to achieve.After working for a few years,she was sent to study in Europe and then,in 1939,in the US.She greatly impressed her American colleagues6,who invited her to stay.Dr Lin,however,rejected7the offer.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
UNIT6Lesson1课文阅读理解北师大版高一英语必修第二册
北师大版必修第二册UNIT 6 课文阅读理解lesson1Step 1Fast-readingⅠ.Read the passage quickly and fill in the following blanks with suitable words.1.Zhejiang Province 2 medicine3 cure 4 artemisinin 5 fameⅡ.What’s the main idea of the text?The main idea of the passage is that Tu Youyou was _______ a Nobel Prize for her ________of artemisinin.答案awarded;discoveryStep 2Careful-readingChoose the best answer.1．How old was Tu Youyou when she got the Nobel Prize?A．82. B．83. C．84. D．85.2．Who helped Tu Youyou discover the life-saving drug?A．Her friends. B．Her family.C．No one. D．Her team.3．How long did Tu Youyou study Chinese medicine with experts in the field?A．Two and a half years. B．One and a half years.C．A half year. D．Three and a half years.4．Why was it difficult for them to discover artemisinin?A．Because the team didn’t have enough money.B．Because the team didn’t have enough resources.C．Because the team didn’t have enough books.D．Because the team wasn’t good at doing experiments.5．What can we learn from the passage?A．Tu Youyou is not interested in fame.B．Tu Youyou doesn’t continue to conduct research today because of her age.C．Tu Youyou was forced to be the first human subject.D．Tu Youyou used traditional research methods to study the Chinese herbs.答案CDABAStep 3Post-readingⅠ.After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.Tu Youyou is famous around the world.She is the first female Chinese scientist 1._________(win) the Nobel Prize.She was born in Zhejiang Province，China,2.______ 30 December,1930.She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Center.After3._________(graduate)，she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.In 1969，she4.________(choose) to establish a team to find a cure5.______ malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.It was not an easy task.They had6.________(limit) resources and they did not have enough staff.They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success.Tu Youyou studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in7.________(tradition) Chinese medicine.Then Tu Youyou and her team used modern research methods to study the Chinese herbs one by one.After hundreds of8.______(fail) experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.The medicine they discovered was artemisinin,9.______ has now become the world’s 10._________(effective) drug for fighting malaria.1.to win 2 on 3 graduation 4 was chosen 5 for6 limited 7 traditional 8 failed9 which 10 most effectiveⅡ.Discuss with your partner and then answer the following questions.1．Why is Tu Youyou considered a medical pioneer?2．Do you want to become an admirable person? Why and how?Step 4Sentence-learning1．A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that “the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”．___________________________________________________________2．Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.___________________________________________________________3．Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her.___________________________________________________________1[句式分析]本句是复合句。
人教版八年级英语上册Unit 6 达标测试卷含答案
人教版八年级英语上册Unit 6 达标测试卷(限时: 100分钟满分: 120分) 一、听力理解(20 小题, 每小题1 分, 共20 分)第一节听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。
每段对话读两遍。
( )1. What is the boy going to do this afternoon?A. To read a book.B. To go boating.C. To play basketball.( )2. Which sport does Ben like best?A. Baseball.B. Soccer.C. Tennis.( )3. What is Dave going to do tomorrow morning?A. To go to the cinema.B. To go to the park.C. To go to the zoo.( )4. How is Lucy going to the park?A. By bus.B. By bike.C. On foot.( )5. What is Nick’s dream job?A. To be a computer programmer.B. To be a scientist.C. To be an engineer.第二节听下面几段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话, 回答第6 至第7 两个小题。
( )6. Which subject is difficult for Jerry?A. Geography.B. Math.C. English.( )7. Where will they study together after school?A. In the classroom.B. At Jerry’s home.C. At Cindy’s home.听下面一段对话, 回答第8 至第9 两个小题。
Unit 6 Medicine and Health
Unit 6 Medicine and HealthLesson 15 Hold your MouthI ReviewII Leading-inPre-stage Questions:1.What is healthy food?2.Do you think the saying “ You are what you eat” right?Why?III Explain the new words1.So if you do hope to enjoy good health, please “hold uourmouth”---avoid the acid food as possible as you can no matter how much you like it, for many diseases develop in acid condition.因此，如果你真想拥有健康，请“管住你的嘴”----尽量避免酸性食物，不管你多么喜欢它，因为很多疾病是在酸性环境中形成的。
Hold your mouth 原意为“管住你的嘴别乱说话”，在此意为“不要乱吃”。
No matter how+adj/adv 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论如何……”。
e.g. No matter how late he goes to bed, he manages to getup at 6 o’clock the next day.无论他多晚睡觉，第二天都会在六点起床。
No matter how cold it is, he wears no hat in the open air.无论天多么冷，他在外面都不戴帽子。
2.Meat of all kinds, together with eggs and milk, is among acidfoods.各种肉类，以及蛋类和奶类都是酸性食物。
本句的主语是不可数名词，为单数概念，单数名词作主语，后面有with/together with/as well as 等构成的短语修饰时，谓语动词仍用单属形式。
2019北师大版教材book2unit6听力文本和课文word版
Topic talk听力原文：6.1(B = Bob J = Jenny)B：Hi，Jenny．Do you have someone in mind that you admire?J：Well，I think my uncle is someone I admire．He is a firefighter．B：A firefighter? You're right．A firefighter's work is very important．But why do you think firefighters are admirable people?J：I think they are admirable because they put out fires and save people's lives．They also spend lots of time helping people who are in danger．B：That's right! They not only put out fires，but also save people who are in danger．They do such important jobs，I agree．They are admirable．J：Absolutely，I admire them because they are so brave and they don't seem to be afraid of danger．6.2(B = Boy G = Girl)B：Talking about people we admire，what qualities do you think they should have?G：Well，there are quite a lot．For me，I think they should be brave．They are not afraid of danger．They fight against evil and save people's lives．B：Yes，being brave is important，but there are also other important things．To be an admirable person doesn't only mean to fight all the time．Some people work very hard and creatively to make our lives better，like scientists．They are also admirable．G：Yes，I agree．And I think people who fight against their own weaknesses are also admirable people，like Helen Keller and Zhang Haidi．B：You're right．Lesson1 A Medical PioneerAt the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December，2015，an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage ．She began to talk about the life-saving drug，artemisinin，which she haddiscovered with the help of her team in the 1970s．The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work．A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that "the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions"．When thanking the Committee for the honour ，Tu Youyou said，"This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China．"Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province，China，on 30 December，1930．She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre．After graduation，she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences．Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices．In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria —a disease that killed millions of people every year．Across the world，scientists had been trying to find a cure．They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success．However，Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret．She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine．She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures．Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one．This was not an easy task．The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources．They did not have enough staff，and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality．However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical．It worked well in experiments on animals，but they had to know if it was safe for humans．Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her．The test was a success．The medicine they discovered，artemisinin，has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria．Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame ，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned．In 2019，she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th Century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing．Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China，her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds，saving millions of lives．Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age．According to Tu Youyou，"From our research experience in discovering artemisinin，we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine．There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated ．"she said．Lesson2听力原文：6.3(I = Interviewer R = Dr．Sam Roberts)I：Hello．I'm sure everyone knows about Martin Luther King — a great man who fought to win equal rights for black people in the US．Today，we have Dr．Sam Roberts here to tell us more about him．So what was King like as a child?R：Well，he was a smart boy，but he suffered racial discrimination．I：Racial discrimination?R：That's when people were treated unfairly due to their skin colour．Here's an example．In 1943，King took the bus with his black teacher．The white driver told them to give their seats to two white people．I：What? What did he do then?R：King didn't want to give up his seat．He believed that black people should be treated the same as white people．However，in the end，they had to do it．I：Ah，what a shame! Did he do anything about this later?R：Yes．In 1955，King organised a bus protest，and asked all black people to stop taking buses．After some struggles，they won the right to sit next to white people on buses．This was King's first victory．I：Great! And King organised further protests in the 1960s，right?R：Right．He organised many peaceful protests，but he was put behind bars many times for doing so．In 1963，he organised a march to Washington，D.C．and made a speech starting with the words "I have a dream"．I：Yes，that's a really famous and inspiring speech! For example，"I have a dream that one day... We hold these truths to be self-evident：that all men are created equal... I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character..."R：Very impressive indeed! The next year，King received the Nobel Peace Prize．But，unfortunately，he was killed a few years later in 1968．It was a great loss．I：Indeed．King will always be remembered for doing a lot to help black people in the US．He has also inspired people around the world to fight for equal rights and justice．6.4(G = Girl B = Boy)G：So，for our school project，maybe we can talk about Mahatma Gandhi?I really admire and respect him，and there's no doubt that he was one of the most important figures of the 20th century．B：Great idea! Let me write down some notes．So，let's first talk about why he was so important．G：OK．Well，Gandhi led India to independence from British rule... mmm，I'm not sure about the exact date．B：The date... mmm．Oh，I can check this on my phone... India became an independent country in 1947．G：Right，it was 1947．Gandhi was important also because he believed in the power of peaceful protests where no one was hurt．He inspired many people，including Martin Luther King．B：Really? Are you sure about that?G：Yes，I'm certain．I learnt this on a radio programme the other day．B：Oh! I didn't know about that．And I guess we should also mention Gandhi's Nobel Peace Prize．G：Actually，I don't think Gandhi ever won a Nobel Peace Prize．B：Mmm... I don't know if that's true...G：I'm pretty sure he didn't．Look，here，read this web page．B：Right．But perhaps we should check a few other websites．Sometimes the information on the Internet can be wrong．G：OK．Let me find a few more sources...Lesson3 The superhero behind supermanThe story of Christopher Reeve's life is one that is almost impossible to imagine —from a wildly successful Hollywood career，to the horror of life-threatening injury；Reeve experienced both．Thus，not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films，but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life．Reeve was born on 25 September．1952 in New York —the son of Franklin Reeve，a teacher and novelist，and Barbara Pitney，a journalist．He found his passion in acting and starred in his first school play at the age of eight．Although he believed he would only ever act on stage，Reeve tried out for，and was eventually given the lead role in a Superman film．Reeve starred in four Superman films from 1978 to 1987．He realised that his roles in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman，and he soon gained a reputation for raising awareness for good causes．He visited sick children in hospitals and worked with organisations such as Save the Children，speaking out about health，educationand child protection to help those most in need．Unfortunately，In 1995 disaster struck Reeve．While horseback riding，he was thrown off his horse and broke his neck．His injuries were so severe that he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine to help him breathe．At first，his doctors did not believe that he would survive．During this time，Reeve felt like he had lost all hope．Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him．He admitted that during the early stages of living with his injury，he wished that he was dead and even thought of ending his own life．He fell into a depression which lasted for many months．It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife．family and friends that he eventually found the will to live again．For the years that followed he focused his attention on his goal of one day walking again．With a new sense of energy and commitment，Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal．He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle，and made remarkable progress．Shortly after，he managed to return to his film career by directing，producing and even starring in films．He also wrote a biography and returned to his charity work．Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities，raising millions of dollars in support of medical research．"What I do is based on powers we all have inside us... and you don't have to be a 'superman' to do it．" His positive attitude inspired many people who were stuck in illness．" With the progress of new medical research，I'm confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day．So you can see．I 'm too busy with living to think of giving up !"Sadly，on 10 October，2004，Christopher Reeve passed away ．He will always be remembered as a superhero —in more ways than one．Reading clubSPACE HEROESIn the history of space exploration，hundreds of astronauts have made the journey into space．Men and women from all over the world have studied，trained and worked hard in order to go into space．It is a job that calls for a special blend of skill，talent and bravery．as well as great physical and mental strength．There are many risks and dangers，but the work ts extremely important，and the knowledge that we can gain from exploring space is invaluable.ChallengerSometimes even the best-planned space missions can go terribly wrong．The Challenger mission is an example of this．On 28 January，1986，seven American astronauts(five men and two women)died when the US space shuttle Challenger exploded soon after it waslaunched．Among them was Sharon Christa McAuliffe，a secondary school teacher，who was going to be the first teacher in space．Millions of people around the world，including many students in primary and secondary schools，watched the disaster happen live on TV．Here is part of US President Ronald Reagan's speech after the 1986 Challenger disaster："Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace ，that special spirit that says，'Give me a challenge and I'll meet it with joy．'They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths．They wished to serve，and they did．They served all of us．"Shenzhou VChina's first manned spaceship lifted off on 15 October，2003．The spaceship，called Shenzhou V，was carrying China's first astronaut，Yang Liwei．During the 21-hour space flight，the Shenzhou V circled the Earth 14 times．While the spaceship was circling the Earth，Yang Liwei performed a number of scientific tasks and had a chance to speak to his family．He also flew the flags of China and the United Nations，symbolising China's wish to explore and use space peacefully．On 16 October，the Shenzhou V landed safely in Inner Mongolia．Millions of people all over the world watched the landing on TV．When Yang Liwei climbed out of the spaceship，he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him．Although he was happy to be home，he said，"I thought 21 hours was too short to stay jn space．"ANNE FRANK AND HER DIARYSince 1947，The Diary of Anne Frank has been one of the most powerful accounts of the experience of the Holocaust and has helped to give a human face to the suffering it involved．Although it was written by a young girl in a terrible situation，it conveys a message of courage and hope．Throughout history，we can find examples of inspiring young people who showed courage and hope in times of extreme hardship．Anne Frank is one of them．Her diary is one of the most important diaries ever written．Anne was born on 12 June，1929，in Frankfurn，Germany．Her family was Jewish．During World War Ⅱ，they had to live in a secret hiding place to escape the Nazi Holocaust ．This was a time when the German Nazis were killing Jews．Around six million Jews died in the Holocaust．Anne's father was a successful businessman in Germany．When the Nazis took control of the country in 1933，the Frank family moved to Amsterdam in the Netherlands．Later，this city became unsafe，so Anne's father prepared some secret rooms above his offices．On 6 July，1942，Anne moved into this "secret annexe " with her parents，her older sister Margot，and fourother Jewish people．The annexe was small and crowded．Everyone had to be very quiet．They were often hungry and always afraid of being caught．To keep busy，Anne wrote in her diary．She described her daily life and her struggles，but also wrote about her hopes and dreams．"I don't think of all the misery ，"she wrote，"but of the beauty that still remains．"The family was in hiding for two years．During that time，Anne kept a diary and wrote in it almost every day．On 4 August，1944，the annexe was discovered and everyone hiding there were sent to labour camps ．Anne and her sister Margot died in a German camp in March 1945．Of all the people who had hidden in the annexe，only Otto Frank，Anne's father，survived．Anne's diary was discovered by friends and returned to Otto Frank after the war．The diary was originally written in Dutch．Since then，it has been published In at least 67 languages and 31 million copies have been sold．The English version is called The Diary of a Young Girl．Today，the annexe building in Amsterdam where Anne and her family hid is a museum called Anne Frank House．Although Anne's life in hiding was extremely difficult，her diary reveals her positive attitude．For example，in 1944，she wrote，"In spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart．"Anne Frank's diary has inspired teenagers everywhere．"the good news，"she wrote，"is that you don't know how great you can be，how much you can love，what you can accomplish ，and what your potential is!"。
初中英语八年级上册-人教版英语Unit 6 Section A同步测试(含答案)
Unit 6 Section A班级：姓名：成绩：一、选择题1．I want to be _________ engineer when I grow up.A．a B．an C．the D．\2．—Mike , you look so excited.—Yeah! There a tennis game played by Li Na this evening.A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have D．are going to be3．I have _________European pen friend, and he likes playing ________guitar.A．an; / B．an; the C．a; / D．a; the4．There aren’t many tickets left for the match. You’d better _______ that you get one today.A．make sure of B．make a decision C．make sure D．make plans5．I want to be a scientist like Tu Youyou when I ________ in the future.A．grow up B．wake up C．stay up6．A(n)____can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things.A．actor B．scientist C．artist D．doctor7．CoCo Lee was born in Hong Kong but__________ in America.A．picked up B．gave upC．grew up D．dressed up8．I don't know ______ I want ______. But I am going to study hard.A．how; be B．how; to be C．what; be D．what; to be9．Linda’s aunt is a_________.Her job is to do research in science.A．pilot B．scientist C．cook D．pianist10．My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday.A．has cooked B．was cooking C．will cook D．cooks11．—Will you please take a message for the head teacher?— ________．A．It doesn't matter B．Sure. I'll be glad toC．Yes, I'll take D．I can help you12．-__________is your father?-He's an engineer in a big factory.A．Who B．WhatC．Which D．Where13．There is a concert at the Town Theater this evening.________you can go there with me.A．Make sure B．Be sure aboutC．Make it sure D．Be sure of14．—Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.—I think so. He kept on ________ it every day.A．practice to play B．practicing playingC．to practice to play D．to practice playing15．My cousin is good at _____， and he wants to be a______．A．cook; cook B．cook; cookerC．cooking; cook D．cooking; cooker二、完型填空My dream is to work in a hospital. I think that a（n） 16 is one of the most important jobs in the world. 17 people are busy working every day. They don't have much time to relax or do exercise. Many of them are in poor health 18 they don't take care of themselves. I would like to help them get 19 again. I know it's not easy to be a doctor.I need to 20 a lot. I'm going to study hard to improve my skills.21 a doctor I am going to try to help patients（病人）. I'll 22 be there with them when they need me. If someone doesn't have enough 23 ,I am still going to help him or her. I believe after he gets some money, he is going to give the money back to 24 .Maybe doctors can't make a lot of money,but I do not 25 . It would be great tobe a doctor because I can help others. Helping others would make me happy. 16．A．engineer B．writer C．doctor D．reporter17．A．Few B．Most C．Any a D．Much18．A．if B．although C．when D．because19．A．excited B．famous C．healthy D．rich20．A．learn B．send C．choose D．share21．A．Through B．From C．With D．As22．A．always B．usually C．often D．sometimes23．A．food B．money C．information D．medicine24．A．you B．her C．him D．me25．A．spend B．stand C．care D．wonder三、阅读单选AWhen your dream is to become a footballer(足球运动员),nothing should get in your way —even if you have no feet.Gabriel Muniz,an 11yearold Brazil kid,was born without feet.Although his family thought he would have serious difficulties living a normal life,he started walking before he was one year old.His mother would go after him,expecting him to keep falling,but he never fell.It took him a while to make the jump from walking to playing football,but he did make it. And in fact,there's nothing he loves more than playing football.In his school,the skillful young man is not only the best player in his school team but also the captain of his gym team.He knows that his disability means he'll never be able to play for a professional football team.So Gabriel is hoping that football will one day become a Paralympic(残奥会的)sport.He proves to everyone there he can go head to head(正面交手)with any other boy.Watching him play is unbelievable.He's fast and he's got a big bag of tricks—he's very skilled and he does everything he can to copy his idol Messi so much that he is invited to go to Spain to meet his idol Messi and show his talent in the Barcelona Football Club.His coach says he is proving the disability only exists inside our heads and he is challenging(挑战)the social norms．26．What's wrong with Gabriel Muniz?A．He was born without feet. B．He can't see and hear anything.C．He often argues with his partners. D．He always gives trouble to his family. 27．According to the passage we can know that Gabriel Muniz ________．A．thinks others look down upon him B．is a professional football playerC．prefers playing for a club D．is a skillful football player28．In the passage the underlined word “norms” has the same meaning of ________．A．advice B．habits C．rules D．progress29．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．The boy's family was surprised that he could walk well.B．The boy wants to play football in the Paralympics.C．The boy has too many difficulties living a normal life.D．The society has noticed the boy's hard job and talent.30．What is the best title of the passage?A．The Power of the Dream B．The Most Popular SportsC．A Disabled Boy and His Hero D．Practice Makes PerfectBJack and Hob are going to high school. Jack wants to be an engineer. He is going to build roads, bridges and houses. Hob is interested in math and science, but he is going to study medicine. He often searches(搜寻) the information about medicine on the Internet. He wants to be a doctor.Kate is good at music. Her favorite singers are Zhou Bichang and Jiro Wang. She wants to be an artist. She is going to sing and dance for people. Joan wants to be an astronaut (宇航员). She says, “I am going to expect space (太空) some day.”“What do you want to be, Alice?” Joan asks me. “Oh, I want to be a teacher. When I grow up, I’m going to teach in the countryside,” I say.All of us are doing our best at school. I am sure we will do something good for our country. 31．_____ students are mentioned(提到).A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five32．Who wants to be an artist?A．Joan B．Jack C．Kate D．Alice33．Where can Hob search more information about medicine?A．In a medicine book B．In the InternetC．on the Internet D．In a library34．What does Joan want to be?A．An astronaut B．A．teacher C．A doctor D．An engineer35．Where does Alice want to teach?A．On a farm. B．In the countryside. C．At home. D．Abroad (在国外)CLike many other young boys，I didn't know what I wanted to be when I was a middle school student.My mother advised(建议) me to be a teacher like her，but it seemed that I was not interested in it.My father wanted me to be a pianist.However，I couldn't stand spending all of my time in front of a piano.I got my goal(目标) after I went to high school.I got a parttime job at the school radio station and I found it was interesting.I loved to discuss school life and my favorite music with my schoolmates on the radio.I kept doing this job during the next six years.When I left the university，I got a fulltime job at our local(当地的) radio station.My career(事业) began.My program is successful and I have a lot of fans.I enjoy my job and my life now.36．What did the writer's mother do?A．A teacher. B．A pianist.C．A doctor. D．A scientist.37．When did the writer start working at a radio station?A．When he was ten years old.B．When he was a high school student.C．When he studied at university.D．After he left the university.38．What did the writer talk about on the radio in the beginning? A．School news. B．Famous films. C．School life. D．Famous people. 39．Which of the following is TRUE?A．The writer was interested in teaching.B．The writer couldn't play the piano.C．The writer often interviews(采访) stars.D．The writer's program is very popular now.40．Which is the best title of the passage?A．Never listen to your parentsB．Study hard to make your dream come trueC．No job is easy to getD．The parttime job helped me find my career参考答案1-5.BBDCADBB11-15.BBABC16-20．CBDCA21-25．DABDC26-30．ADCCA31-35．DCCAB36-40．ABCDD。
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Unit 6 Text A
寻求临终护理
数十年前，大多数人在自己家中去世，但是医疗方面的进步已经改变了这一情况。
如今，大多数美国人在医院或是疗养院中度过生命的最终时光。
他们中有些人是为了治疗疾病进了医院，有些可能是选择长期住在疗养院。
越来越多的人在生命的尽头开始选择临终关怀。
死亡没有一个称得上“合适”的地点。
何况，我们死亡的地方，大多数情况下也并非我们可以决定的。
但如果有选择的机会，每个人及其家属，都应该考虑究竟怎样的临终护理最为适合，在哪里可以享受到这样的关怀，家人和朋友能否提供帮助，以及他们应该如何支付相应的费用。
医院及疗养院
64岁的George有充血性心力衰竭病史。
一天晚上，他因为胸痛被送入医院。
他与他最亲近的人事先便已决定，在任何情况下都要让医生使用最大努力来延续他的生命。
所以当他需要相应的治疗时，他选择了医院，因为那里有全天候工作的医生和护士。
医院提供一整套的治疗、检查及其他医疗照护。
一旦George的心脏出现持续衰竭，医院的重症监护病房（ICU）或冠心病重症监护病房（CCU）就可以提供及时的救护。
尽管医院有相关的规定，在有些情况下执行具有一定的弹性。
如果George的医生认为他的病情并没有因为治疗有所好转，并濒临死亡，他的家属可以要求更加宽松的探视时间。
如果他的家属想从家中给他带一些私人物品，可以向工作人员询问物品的尺寸限制或是是否需要消毒。
不论George住在ICU、CCU 还是两病床的病房，其家属都可以要求更多的私人空间。
在医院环境中，对临终病人来说，身边永远会有知道该如何照料他的医务人员。
这一点令病人及其家属得以安心。
已有越来越多的人在生命尽头的时候选择疗养院，因为在这里，护理人员是随叫随到的。
疗养院有时也被称为专业护理所，在临终护理方面有利有弊。
与医院不同，疗养院里并不是全天候都有医生在场。
然而，由于临终护理可以事先安排，在病人濒临死亡时，不需要事先咨询医生而开展照护。
如果濒死病人已经在疗养院住了一段时间，家属很可能已经和护理人员建立了一定的关系，因而与医院相比，这里的护理工作更具个性化。
如同在医院里一样，隐私也可能是个问题。
有需要的话，你可以询问是否可以安排更多与家人单独相处的时间。
家
对于需要临终护理的人来说，家可能是最熟悉的环境。
家属和朋友可以来去自由。
从精力、情感和经济的角度来说，居家护理对于家庭和朋友可以是一件艰巨的任务，但这样做也有好处，况且他们通常愿意承担这样的任务。
如果需要额外帮助，他们还可以选择雇用家庭护工。
为了在家中进行舒适护理，需要事先安排一些服务（如上门护士）和特殊设备（如病床和床边马桶）。
医疗保险也许只能支付由医生指定的服务和设备。
建议事先和医生商量哪些是病人在家中舒适护理所需要的。
如果临终的病人是从医院回到家里，有时医院的出院规划师，一般是社工，可以帮你做出院计划。
当地社区老龄机构也可能推荐其他渠道的帮助。
医生必须掌握患者在家的护理状况，他/她会安排新服务、调整治疗及按需开药。
为了使临终病人尽可能舒适，遵从医生的计划非常重要。
如果你认为一项治疗已经不再有用，应及时与医生沟通。
姑息治疗和临终关怀
医生为了希望治愈重症患者尽可能长时间提供治疗。
这些病人还会接受症状护理或姑息治疗。
例如，乔治伴随心力衰竭还有贫血症。
治疗贫血症可以改善一些困扰他的病症，也可以让他轻松做一些事情，比如自己穿衣服或者洗澡。
治疗贫血就是姑息治疗的一部分。
近来，姑息治疗这个词语不仅仅意味着治疗一些症状，在美国，如今姑息治疗常指那些提升患有致命疾病的人的生活质量的综合办法。
它为家庭成员提供支持，与临终关怀的概念非常类似。
在姑息治疗方案中，一个多学科健康护理小组与病人及其家属共同努力，为病人提供可能患有致命疾病所需要的任何支持，不管是医疗的、社会的、还是情感上的。
根据需要，健康护理小组可以由医生、护士、治疗师、顾问和社工等人组成。
姑息治疗可以由医院、疗养院、姑息护理门诊、其他一些专业诊所或家庭提供。
联邦医疗保险可以支付一部分治疗和药物的费用，退伍军人可以通过退伍军人事务部有资格享受姑息治疗。
私人医疗保险可能会支付一部分服务费用。
可以向医疗保险公司咨询相关的保险范围。
姑息治疗并不要求在绝症治疗与舒适护理之间做出抉择。
如果医生认为治疗对病人不起作用，并且病人只剩6个月的时间，这时就有两种选择。
一是将姑息治疗转换为临终关怀；二是继续姑息治疗，但侧重于舒适护理而不是医学治疗。
这就是杰克所面临的情形。
他从美国空军退役，70岁时被诊断患有慢性阻塞性肺部疾病。
随着疾病的进展，杰克的呼吸变得越来越困难，于是他希望尝试采用实验性治疗来缓解这种疾病。
杰克获得了由美国退伍军人卫生管理局所提供的姑息治疗。
在治疗肺部疾病的同时，他接受了舒适护理及战胜病魔所需要的情感支持。
该姑息治疗方案也在日常家庭事务及其他方面为杰克的妻子提供支持，更便于她在家照顾杰克。
有时，治愈性治疗可能不再有意义：它可能对患者没有任何帮助或者反而给患者带来不适。
临终关怀正是为这种情况而设置的。
准备接受临终关怀的患者明白，临床治疗已经不能治愈或缓解自己的病情。
在临终护理中，临终关怀类似于姑息疗法，它不仅为患者提供全方位的舒适护理，而且也为其家属提供帮助，但临终关怀并不进行治疗。
临终关怀是一种临终护理的方式，它并不局限于特定的场所。
它可以在两种环境下实施：一是在家里，一是在一些机构，如疗养院、医院，甚至是单独的临终关怀中心。
临终关怀汇聚了一个拥有特殊专业技能的团队，包括护士、医生、社工、牧师及经过培训的志愿者。
每个团队成员都与临终患者、照料人员及家属共同努力，为他们提供所需的医疗、情感及精神上的帮助。
团队中有成员会定期看望患者，并全天24小时保持电话联络，随时候命。
谨记一点：不进行针对于疾病的治疗并不代表放弃所有治疗。
以一个老年肿瘤患者为例。
如果医生觉得肿瘤对化疗不敏感，病人选择临终关怀，那么化疗会即刻停止，但其余治疗还将继续。
例如，如果此患者患有高血压，那他/她需要照常服用降压药。
临终关怀并不一定是最终决定。
比如，Delores 82岁的时候，发现她的肾功能正在衰竭。
她觉得自己足够长寿，生活幸福，不愿进行透析治疗，于是她开始接受临终关怀。
一周之后，她得知孙女怀孕的消息，随即改变主意，不再接受临终关怀，而是开始透析治疗，她希望有一天能够抱上自己的第一个重孙。
与Delores一样，现实幽默作家《华盛顿邮报》专栏作家Art Buchwald在81岁时拒绝医生建议的透析治疗。
2006年2月，他进入临终关怀中心，准备在几周内死于肾脏病。
但他的病情奇迹般地稳定下来。
当他确定死亡并没有迫近时，Art Buchwald离开了临终关怀中心。
他在玛莎葡萄岛度过了整个夏天，并于2007年1月离开人世。