高考“情态动词+have_done”考点解析

2、根据句意“我妹妹昨天在大剧院见过他”，所以，一定是对过去已经发生的否定的判断，答案选A。
3、本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用could have done，答案选C。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。
She didn’t attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.
A. should B. must C. could D. would
4. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ____ at the meeting. (1995 上海)
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
A. might B. should C. can D. will
2. The window was broken. Tom ____ have done that, for he was a little naughty.
A. could B. might C. should D. ought to
--- It ___ a comfortable journey. （MET95）
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he ____ your lecture. (2002 上海)
2. 本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的电话。是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用must have done结构。故答案选B。
三、may/ might have done也用于对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，但语气稍弱，意思是“可能，或许……”。例如：
She didn’t get there in time. She may have miss1. 根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，故答案选C。
2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。
她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。
巩固练习：
He ____ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (０５北京 ２６题)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
她没能及时到达那儿。她可能没赶上汽车。
He didn’t come to school today. He might have been ill.
他今天没来上课，他可能病了。
巩固练习：
1. Sorry, I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.( 2000春)
--- Something ___ to him. ( 05江西 22题
A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened
D. must have happened
I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ___ at least 150 kilometers an hour. ( 05重庆 33题)
3. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later. (1996 上海)
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
--- On, it ___ my brother, Peter.
A. must be B. must have been C. can have been D. might be
答案简析：
1. 关键词是didn’t，说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断。故答案选B。
3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。
考点之二：must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定……、肯定……”。其否定形式分别用can’t/ couldn’t和can/ could。例如：
他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。
--- Can he have passed the exam? --- No, he can’t have. He didn’t work hard.
他通过考试了吗？不，他不可能通过考试。他学习不努力。
巩固练习：
1. --- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
答案简析：
这三句表达的都是对过去已经发生过的情况的推测判断，意思是“可能、或许……”，应该用may/might have done结构。答案分别选ABD。
三、如果对过去情况推测判断的句子是疑问句和否定句，只能用can／could和can’t,／couldn’t。例如：
He can’t have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
--- Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. (05 湖北32题)
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
1. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep. (MET 89)
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
2. --- I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn’t recognize the voice.
2. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara. (NMET98)
A. could have stay B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
答案简析：
1、根据They were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.一句中的时态，应该是对过去情况的推测判断，因为车上已经有5位人了，在带上我一个，可以断定这一定是一次不舒适的旅行。所以，本句表达的是对过去否定的推测判断，应该用can’t/ could have done来表达。故答案选D。
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
3. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ___ have taken it? (2003 上海春招)
This cake is very sweet. You ___ a lot of sugar in it. (05 辽宁 26题)
Ａ. Should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
--- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.
If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.
高考题分析：
1. If it ___ for the snow, we ___ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91)
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
高考“情态动词＋have done”考点解析
“情态动词＋have done”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。
考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。例如：
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
I ____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.( 05天津 14题)
3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.( 96上海)
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said