2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾

合集下载

2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案(1-5)

雅思阅读技巧很多考生都不陌生，由于阅读这部分的考试不是很容易，考生们都想在考试中获得高分，因此，在进行阅读的时候是需要大家掌握一些技巧的，有一些技巧可以很好地帮助大家获得高分，针对这些技巧，下面看看北京新航道的小编给大家整理的吧。

2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案（1）《一》“Business is war.”The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.But today in doing business, you have to listen to stomers, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn’t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation(孤立)from other decisions.Game theory breaks down the game into key elements(要素):players, added values, rules, tactics, and scope(范围)(PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you’re heading, that’s where you’ll end up. Sometimes that’s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That’s because you’re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.1, What’s the main idea of this passage? ______________________________________________________________2, The author of this passage is in favor of the idea that “Business is war.”(True/False)3, In game theory, cooperation no longer exists. (True/False)4, If you change one of the elements in PARTS, the game is changed entirely. (True/False)5, “PARTS”stands for _______.A.players, added values, rules, tactics and scopeB.all of the elements in the game theoryC.the parties in a gameD.the parts that affect the result of the game6, The author emphasizes that _______.A.we shall play very hardB.we shall continue in the course we are headingC.we shall play in the right directionD.we shall always change no matter the change is good or not7, Choose the best answer, interdependent:ⅰbe depended ⅱdepending on each other ⅲdepend on others8, Choose the best answer, tactics:ⅰstrategy ⅱelement ⅲlawF F T A C ⅱⅰ《二》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job aftergraduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《三》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job after graduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.B.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《四》1 One of the most intelligent animals on the planet is the dolphin.2 These unique animals have been regarded highly by humans for many centuries.3 In ancient Greece, if sailors saw dolphins swim by their ships when they were starting out ______ a voyage, they believed they would have good luck.4 One unique characteristic that makes them different from other sea animals is the way that they communicate.5 Dolphins use sound, touch and taste in order to learn about their world; however, unlike dogs,dolphins cannot smell. 6 They use a whistle or sound waves to see and feel their way around their environment. 7 This makes them different from many other sea animals and also helps them communicate _______ people.8 Another unique thing about dolphins is that the bones in their fins are similar ______ those in human arms and hands. 9 However, the connective tissue that surrounds the bones forms a flipper (鳍状肢) instead of a hand with individual fingers. 10 Even though dolphins live in the oceans, they do not drink the salt water around them. 11 Their bodies absorb water from the wide variety of creatures they eat.12 Loving a dolphin is an easy thing to do but, unlike a dog or a cat, the dolphin cannot come home with you from the ocean. 13 That is why many people like collecting dolphin souvenirs. 14 One can find many such things in almost every shop around the world. 15 Even the ancient people painted the images of dolphins on their vases.1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:____________; _____________; ________________.2. What is paragraph one mainly talking about?______________________________________________________ paragraph two:_____________________________________________________paragraphthree:______________________________________________. paragraph four:______________________________________________3. Change sentence 2 into active voice:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________4. The special way dolphins communicate with those around them is by ______.A. touching others with their finsB. making special gesturesC. smelling the creatures around themD. using whistles and sound waves5. The water dolphins consume mainly comes from ____.A. ocean waterB. what they eatC. rain waterD. sea plants6. From the passage, we can infer that ______.A. it is rather difficult to train dolphinsB. ancient people were fond of dolphinsC. dolphins are good petsD. all shops sell dolphin productson with toDBB《五》When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride andself-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.1. What is mainly discussed in the passage?___________________________________________________________ __________2. What is the author’s attitude toward beggars?___________________________________________________________ __________3. Change the underlined sentence into active voice.Related to this is the opinion that the government rather than ordinary people should _____________ the problem.4. Choose the best answer, Quite a few:A. manyB. a fewC. some5. Choose the best answer, pitiable:A. deserving pityB. lovableC. hateful6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for begging.7. In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion，because ______.A. the cases can be so differentB. there are so many beggarsC. there is so much money wastedD. there are so many different arguments1. Arguments on giving to beggars.2. We should give some money to beggars.4. A5. A6.B7.A。

2013年5月18日托福写作真题回忆与解析

2013年5月18日托福写作真题回忆综合写作(中文版)美国的ANDE wall是不是一种防御机制。

Reading: 不是1.wall不是连续的，有gaps，不能达到防御的目的2.wall 由multiple entranceways构成，而一般的防御建筑只有一个出口和入口3.没有walls和储水的地方，无法供给城内抵御外敌Listening: 赞成1.这些gaps都是悬崖之类，通常是容易受攻击的地方2.这些ways是用来contact，因为site在large area，而且这些通道很窄3.敌人也要面临食物和水短缺的问题，因为这里气候干燥(英文版)Reading: prehistoric defensive constructions (forts) in Andes are unusualin some places, walls are absent, making them vulnerable to attack;they have multiple entranceways, while normally other forts have 1 or 2 gates only;lack of space to store enough waterLecture:The places that don’t have walls because they are naturally defended by cliffs or steep mountains;Entranceways all face clear open space with great visibility, people in the forts could easily spot potential attackers, to block the gate and get prepared;Andes region is dry, without enough food and water for the army, they wouldn’t choose to surround the forts and wait till they surrender. If the fort could withstand the initial attack, it could survive.独立写作Should governments spend money on scientific research even if it has no practical value?2013年5月18日托福写作真题解析综合写作：美国的ANDE wall是不是一种防御机制。

2013年雅思考题回忆汇总

●口语
主要Part 1话题：
music sleep family howntown entertainment internet boat
主要Part 2话题：
an important plant in your country
a polite person
a language not english do you learn in the future
2月16日
Section 3 =新题V Section 3（一级预测命中）
●阅读
2月14日考试阅读部分为两新题一旧题，2月16日考试阅读部分为两旧题一新题，题目版本为：
2月14日
↘Passage 1—反刍动物（旧题）
↘Passage 2—新题
↘Passage 3—新题
2月16日
↘Passage 1—新手和专家（旧题）
task2——教育——In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?
trainning session
products that not satisfied
a film about real people or event
a garden you visited
person who has important job
2013年1月19日

2013年5月18日托福阅读真题回忆与解析

2013年5月18日托福阅读真题回忆Passage 11890’s之前，美国尚未经历City Beautiful Movement，除却极个别的Washington D.C，当时的城市规划最大的特点就是——no urban planning.影响美国人民住址选定的几个因素主要为：economics，preference to live individually, etc.当时的两大特点为：1.随着移民风潮(migration)和大量农村人口涌入城市，城市对于住房的要求开始增长;2.大量城市人口(urbanites)考虑到城市居住诸多隐患，迁移乡村。

主要的城市居住弊端为，大量建筑材料易燃、楼距太近、城市明火使用导致火灾频发;排水系统不完善，进而啮齿类动物传播疾病，危及居民健康。

总而言之，当时的城市规划相当不完善，没有统一的政府监管，基础设施建设相当落后。

Passage 2Topic: Honeybees Juvenile Hormone在蜜蜂种群当中，根据年龄的不同，承担不同的任务，这种现象称之为“age polytheism”。

比如，年幼的蜜蜂，一般在蜂巢工作，feed the queen and pupae;年长一点的蜜蜂，负责找食物(forage)和存储食物。

分工不同的具体解释为，特定举动的频率会比较高，而并非彻底add or eliminate to the total number of the tasks they perform(此处考点)。

研究表明，如此的分工，主要是由于蜜蜂当中一种叫做Juvenile Hormone 的物质进行控制。

Juvenile Hormone随着蜜蜂年龄的增长，分泌的速率提升，JH刺激蜜蜂大脑当中叫做mushroom区域逐渐增大，导致最后行为的不同。

实验验证，摘除蜜蜂分泌JH的区域，人工注射JH类似物，能够使蜜蜂转变行为方式。

Passage 3南美洲太平洋东岸的居民，每年都能迎来由南极洲方向洋流涌向赤道，在季风共同作用下，深层富含营养的冷水涌向海表层，带来大量的鳀鱼(anchovies)。

【雅思】北京朗阁雅思2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年5月11日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年5月11日雅思阅读考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-05-20 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了5月11日雅思口语考题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期：2013年5月11日Reading Passage 1Title:企业产品分析（新，难度较易）Question types:5个判断题（位置集中在第一部分）summary 8个没有选项的填空文章内容回顾开始是一个Introduction（比较长）（判断题几乎全在这里面）接着说这个公司在1970年制造家具，目标针对青年人，比较成功。

但是2000年快要倒闭了，他们决定改变策略针对老年人设计产品。

但是仍然失败了，因为老年人觉得这个公司这样做是在提醒他们老了，不愿意购买他们的产品。

Reading Passage 2Title:嗅觉记忆（V111020P2）（难）Question types:Heading Matching Multiple Choice文章内容回顾第一段，先说香薰治疗的不同看法，后面有一道选择题，选C一些人认为可以代替传统治疗方法，另外两个选项“用过的人说有效”不对，因为他说只有自己认为有效的才有效，不是用过的人都说有效。

第二段，说嗅觉不能使人回忆得更好，但是可以让人想起更多emotional的东西，因为大脑管emotion的部分就在嗅觉那块。

第五段，说另一个科学家研究出来嗅觉可以让人想起不好的回忆。

第六段，还是这个科学家把它运用到治疗一些人，让他们不去想痛苦的记忆等等，举了个例子，用了coffee的味道。

第八段，说味觉不可靠，搞了个实验，弄点染了颜色的葡萄酒让人喝，都说是红酒，后面也有一道选择题，好像是B,就是人们容易相信视觉一些。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习C8T2P3the meaning and power of smellReading Passage 3Title:商业翻译Translation（V071201）Question types:信息和段落的配对填空题（题目要求已告知在C, D, E段）配对（不同翻译技巧方法的配对）文章内容回顾先介绍一个好的翻译，如何去评价翻译，翻译的技巧，国际对翻译的评价。

8分雅思听力实用备考资料

8分雅思听力实用备考资料对于大部分中国考生来说，要想雅思均分达到7分及以上，听力和阅读必须达到8分左右的高分，因为中国考生的单科成绩普遍呈现口语、写作分数低于听力、阅读的分布。

所以，大部分考生依靠听力和阅读两项冲刺来达到均分目标。

下面小编给大家带来8分雅思听力实用备考资料。

8分雅思听力实用备考资料1. 词汇推荐：王陆807雅思词汇精讲(听力篇)这本词汇书可以作为雅思听力入门词汇使用。

其中囊括了学术、旅游饮食、休闲、动植物等10大听力高频场景，实用性强。

该书是在雅思市场上最具影响力的图书之一。

807词汇的提出彻底颠覆了以往英语词汇教学的概念。

首先是数量概念。

807更加强调高频词汇，所有的词汇都选自雅思真题。

按照历年雅思考生的经验，只要掌握807听力词汇，雅思听力就不再有词汇障碍。

高频词汇的提出让考生充分降低了单词背诵的工作量。

其次是讲解的概念。

以前的词汇讲解往往是从记忆法的角度进行，而本书则从使用的角度进行。

在词汇讲解部分既有场景知识，又有考试注意事项和常见问题点评，堪称一书多用。

本书的作者系雅思培训行业权威听说主讲王陆老师，经验丰富，深受学生喜爱。

书中全部素材源自真题实践，具有很强的实践性，是雅思考生听力冲刺的必备图书。

建议使用方法：场景词汇是雅思听力的基础。

所以建议考鸭在正式做听力练习前先花10-20天时间，将807词汇背一遍，务必确保发音及拼写无误。

然后，在做真题的同时，每天规定自己背诵20-30页单词，作为巩固。

这样更能强化考点词汇。

推荐：雅思听力真题考点词汇《雅思听力真题考点词汇》为雅思天后刘薇又一力作，旨在帮助雅思考生在短期内实现听力突破。

本书所有词汇及表达均来自“剑桥雅思真题”系列及2012年至今机经题库。

书中列出听力考试中常考词汇，并进行考频统计和排序，使重点词汇一目了然;列出听力表达中的近义词汇，使考生能灵活掌握和替换;将听力原文中出现的词汇细分为租房、校园生活与教育、旅游、日常生活与工作以及学术共五大场景，便于考生分类记忆。

2013年5月18日雅思口语考试真题回忆

2013年5月18日雅思口语考试真题回忆2013年5月18日雅思考试已经结束，本次考试真题网友回忆版出炉了！中国教育在线外语频道为大家整理本次考试真题回忆，预祝大家取得好成绩！回忆1p1:学习，小时候和现在去的公园p2 童年游戏p3:小孩现在玩的游戏和以前有没差别，游戏的影响，未来会有更多休闲场所吗，政府建这些设施考虑因素!美女考完了，帮她攒人品~~回忆2南昌103。

part1：一些个人信息、衣服，电子邮件，信件。

part2：a street you want to go shopping. Part3:一些关于shopping的问题，网上购物，喜欢去哪里shopping等等。

回忆3P1House or apartment relax各种P2 Language p3Language各种延伸，年轻白人帅哥，延伸后的问题各种难，各种没话答只求这次能比上次好一点回忆4杭州207 白人年轻小伙子! P1 students or work transport what can you do P2 介绍一个人有important job P3 现在年轻人的工作形势。

会选什么工作啊。

还有一个是关于building的traditional buildings or morden one 你会不会去造房子什么的忘了在第几part了!回忆5川大，rm01，是个老太太，口语只求6希望不是五分老太，上午的地图题太坑爹了，p1,house or flat,busy,stress,p2public transport p3.为什么大家选择public,优点和缺点怎么样让人们多选择public回忆6上财RM308 p1 names 和含义toys p2 an occasion some visitors to your home p3 welcome visitors to home，hotel services回忆7p1 是放学后通常他会做什么还有家务p2是植物p3植物的延伸厦门RM 501回忆8广外408，白人男，我觉得还挺好的!P1忙不忙，喜不喜欢忙，爬树不，喜欢住在树林旁边不?P2想给家里买的电器!P3各种关于科技的，中国人喜不喜欢手机等!求rp!觉得第二部分又没说好，虽然是老题!时间讲的不够!回忆9广州仲恺rm208 一个慈祥的老伯,貌似扎了辫子…… p1.sleeping你觉得睡前做什么能让你睡得更好。

2013年雅思阅读考题回顾(三)

2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。

中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。

“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。

深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。

赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。

完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。

阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。

2013年5月18日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)

2013年5月18日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)。

下面为大家总结了2013年5月18日雅思写作机经的相关回忆，主要是TASK1部分的内容，供同学们进行下载参考。

点击下载2013年5月18日雅思写作机经
2013年5月18日雅思写作机经回忆解析,同时给出了雅思作文写作思路，同学们可适当进行了解，雅思写作机经也是备考雅思听力的优选资料。

2013年5月18日雅思写作机经解析TASK1
2013年5月18日雅思写作题目：
The map describes a town in Atlantic ocean affected by a volcanic eruption in1706. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
2013年5月18日雅思写作思路：
地图题。

该题需要考生描述1706年火山喷发前后对大西洋某小镇造成的影响，即此小镇的变化，注意时态要使用过去时，主被动形态交替使用。

以上就是小编为大家整理的“2013年5月18日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)”部分内容，更多资料请点击雅思资料下载频道!。

【雅思】北京朗阁雅思2013年5月18日雅思口语考题回顾

4. What is your major?
5. Do you like your major and why?
6. What courses or subjects do you study?
7. What is your favorite subject?
8. What is the most useful subject?
4. Do you like your job, why or why not?
5. Do you find your job interesting?
6. What are your main responsibilities in your job?
7. Is working important to you?
5. Are there any entertainment places near your school?
6. Have you recently been to any place for entertainment?
7. Do you think modern lifestyles give people enough time for entertainment?
4. Is it a typical house/flat in your city?
5. What kind of house or flat do you want to live in the future?
6. Do you like the decoration in your home, why or why not?
4. Is dancing good to people?
5. Does China have any traditional dance?

2013年5月SAT阅读真题详细分析

1.本次考试难度中等偏上，比13年1月真题难了不少。

难度主要是体现在：前两个中篇阅读中的某些题目，对审题提出了极高的要求，这一点我已经在讲解的时候详细说明。

最后的一篇长小说阅读，不少题目需要用到全文的写作基调和感情基调来解题（SAT的小说大多数都是直接事实题，可以直接从行号细节中找出答案，但本文有些题目需要用对主人公的“设定”来做题，这样更好判断）。

2.因为我做中、长篇文章是不读文章的，直接就做题了，双篇文章也读得很少，因此本文也是按我个人的做题流程来解题（比如全文题最后做等），不过每道题我都给出了详细的解释，对一些难题还给出了分析过程，希望可以帮助大家。

3.若是对我的解释有疑惑或者有不同看法，欢迎PM我询问或讨论。

谢谢。

Section 2, Q6-‐9. 短双篇阅读短双篇阅读首先要读文章弄清文章的结构、作者的观点和态度。

不需要精读，有一个整体的概念即可。

我是这样阅读的：Passage 1：第一句说一个人的生活很难放进文字里面；第二句是引用MA说的话，必然是支持第一句的观点，因此不读；第三句说更糟的是传记作家似乎下决心来创造可信的描述来解释一切他们的人物没有做过或者说过的事情（就是捏造事实），即便是…（even i f…）后面就不用看了，因为肯定是在说相似的内容。

最后一句是总结。

第一篇文章实际上就是在说：一个人的生活很难被写出来，更糟的是传记作家还在捏造事实。

Passage 2：第一句说作家经常被传记作家当成值得关注的人物，第二句说问题在于，绝大多数作家，不同于政治家和探险家，他们一种表面上看起来无趣的生活（基本可以看出来本文要为传记作家说话了）。

第三句读了前几个单词，发现实在举例说作家的生活如何无趣，因此跳过不读。

第四句话说好的传记作家因此变成了故事写手。

第五句说这不是说他们在创造事实，rather后面不用看了，内容无外乎就是他们没有捏造事实，知道是为传记作家说话就好了。

第六句说好的传记作家把作家生活中那些无聊的事实变成了吸引人的故事。

2019年05月18日雅思考试真题回忆+答案(1)

2019年05月18日雅思考试真题机经2019年05月18日雅思听力机经考题回忆——来自环球教育雅思推广中心&环球教育北京学校魏维老师和天津学校霍铭洋老师Section OneVersion场景题型旧2018-12-01预订酒店与安排节目填空10题内容回忆：一位男士电话预定出游活动项目，涉及男士自己及家人，包括他的孩子，妻子和母亲的各自游玩需求。

一位女士（酒店工作人员）给予建议和回复。

答案回忆：填空1-101.Arrival date:15th October2.Accommodation of the first week:hotel3.Activity for his children:sailing4.给孩子安排一个学习sailing的：class5.给他的妻子和母亲安排：golf6.给他的妻子过生日时安排：massage7.每晚的预算是：$1758.住宿：caravan9.给男士自己安排的活动：fishing10.为防止餐饮不适合家人，需要提前发给他：menu（答案仅供参考）Section TwoVersion场景题型旧V50247An Introduction of Renting a Bicyclein the City租用单车的使用说明流程图匹配5题地图匹配5题内容回忆：主要介绍某座城市中租用单车的使用说明，以及不同地点在地图中的对应位置。

答案回忆:流程图匹配11-15How to rent a bicycle in the city备选词汇有A.helmet B.lights C.screen D.keyboard E.button F.lockerCitywide schemes11.Go to the station,and touch the C.screen12.You input the password number E.button13.Ease the F.locker14.Put on the A.helmet before setting off15.After usage,put the bike back in the rack when the B.lights on(means bikes just returned are on secured)地图匹配16-20：16.Coffee bar答案选C17.Totally secured place答案选D18.Workshop答案选I19.Locker room答案选A20.Shower room答案选H听力录音原文中出现的其余信息还包括Water cooler,Hair dryer等（答案仅供参考）Section ThreeVersion场景题型旧V100227关于三个国家应用新能源的情况填空3题选择7题内容回忆:大学男女生讨论如何来完成能源研究这门课程中的作业，内容主要关于三个国家对新能源利用的分析报告。

2013年5月18日雅思阅读考试真题回忆

资料来源:教育优选 / 2013年 5月 18日雅思阅读考试真题回忆
雅思报名官网》》雅思考试新手指南》》
乐静老师雅思阅读快报:
阅读第一篇生理类驾驶中接电话的影响, ASQ+7到 TFNG ;第二篇两种 A 什么的蚂蚁, 段落加相关信息的 M+选各自特点的 M+2道 MC ; 第三篇心理类乐乐大机经中的 " 选择与幸福感 " 。

阅读第一个讲开车的注意力会被什么影响各种实验, 有简答题和对错题。

感觉一起好像做过。

第二个讲蚂蚁的各种的, 针对两种蚂蚁来说。

之前也做过。

第三篇讲决定的。

都没有 heading 题。

2013年雅思考试大作文题库及部分解析(全)

2013年雅思考试大作文题库(全)2013.01.05A 类Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?G类Some people believe children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.2013.01.10A 类It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12A 类In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19A 类In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02A 类Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.G 类Lifestyles and culture in many countries is becoming similar, what's your opinion, positive or negative?2013.02.14A类Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16A类Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23A类Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02A类Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09A 类Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14A 类It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ? 2013.03.23G 类Nowadays, many children are not as fit and healthy as children used to be in the past. What are the causes? How could it be solved?A 类Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06A 类100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13A 类As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18A 类Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other peoplethink that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on peopl e’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013.06.08Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence.2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 22013年6月22日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王华Task1Task22013年7月6日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲Task 1类别Bar chart题目The graph below gives information about households waste ina country from 2000 to 2007.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译该图显示了某一国家2000年至2007年家庭垃圾的状况。

实例解析雅思听力雅思og听力答案pdf

实例解析雅思听力雅思og听力答案pdf实例解析雅思听力01、时间C8T2S321. Where in Australia have Asian honey bees been found in the past?A. QueenslandB. New South WalesC. several states原文：We discovered a few of them in Queensland once and eradicated them. Now,we’re pretty keen to make sure that there aren’t any more getting in,particularly to New South Wales and other states.本题的关键信息就是in the past –过去的时间。

在听力时注意到discovered 和once 都表示过去，因此A 选项-Queensland 答案就很明显了。

而Now 这个表示现在时间的词帮我们快速排除了 B 和 C 的选项。

C8T1S219-20. Which TWO activities can students do after the tour at present?A.build model dinosaursB.watch filmsC.draw dinosaursD.find dinosaur eggsE.play puter games原文：We used to have an activity room with more interactive things likemaking models of dinosaurs and drawing and painting pictures, even hunting fordinosaur eggs, but 。

本题的关键信息依旧是跟时间相关的词– at present。

2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾D2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-05-27摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期：2013年5月18日Reading Passage 1Title:Mobile Phones and Driving开车接电话的危害Question types:简答题；TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN（7题）文章内容回顾英文原文阅读题型难度分析根据考生反映，第一篇不是很难。

题型技巧分析是非无判断题是雅思阅读考试的经典题型，首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES,本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN解题步骤：1.速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。

考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等）2.排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。

3.重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。

TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。

FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。

NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑4 Test 1 Passage 1剑5 Test 3 Passage 1Reading Passage 2Title:两种蚂蚁的分类（V090711/V120428旧文）Question types:Multiple Choice;Which paragraph contains the following information;Detail Matching文章内容回顾讲一种蚂蚁和真菌共生。

先讲它们的一些基本情况，然后说这类蚂蚁其实也有很多分类，比如说A和B,然后用一段在讲A和B的区别。

5月18日托福口语真题参考答案及解析

5月18日托福口语真题参考答案及解析下面为大家搜集整理了2013年5月18日托福口语真题回忆及解析，其它部分（阅读、听力、写作）请查看2013年5月18日托福真题回忆及解析！Task 1Talk about an interesting activity you recently participated in. Did everyone involved enjoy the activity? Give details and examples in your response.参考答案An interesting school activity I recently participated in was volunteer teaching. We went to a small, under-developed village that’s far from the city. Students from my school split into groups to teach the kids different classes. I was assigned to teach them English. I taught them some basic greeting skills that they thought was fun. During class breaks, all of us gathered outside to play sports of our choice. Some kicked around a soccer ball, some played the badminton and some played pingpong. Everyone had a blast. Everyone had a blast. I would love to visit the school again soon because everyone had a good time.Task 2Do you agree or disagree with the statement that parents are the best teacher for children? Give specific reasons and details in your response.参考答案I agree with the statement that parents are the best teacher for children for the following reasons. First, parents are all we have to learn from when we were young. When a baby is born, first thing he understands is his parent. We slowly learn to talk, walk, run, count and read with the help of parents. We need support, comfort and encouragement. And all of it is provided by our parents. Second, everyday parents slowly and unknowingly teach their kid how to survive in this world. And when the child grows up, he accomplished all the survival task and try to apply in his life. Sometimes he fails and sometimes he passes. Day by day he builds up the confidence in him.Task 3学生letter，建议建一个study lounge，在人文学院的楼里for学习人类学哲学的学生。

雅思阅读考题回顾

雅思A类阅读考题回顾（第二季度）Passage 2 资料考证来源于维基百科 After repairs, she plied for several years as a passenger liner between Britain and America, before being converted to a cable-laying ship and la ying the first lasting”Brunel worked for several years as assistant engineer on the project to create a tunnel under London's River Thames 题目配对 tunnel under river Thames -- which Brune was not responsible for itThough ultimately unsuccessful, another of Brunel's interesting use of technical innovations was the atmospheric railway 配对建成不久就停止运营那项吧Great Eastern was designed to cruise non-stop from London to Sydney and back (since engineers of the time misunderstood that Australia had no coal reserves), and she remained the largest ship built until the turnof the century. Like many of Brunel's ambitious projects, the ship soon ran over budget and behind schedulein the face of a series of technical probl我配了两个财务上不成功和建设推迟了很对次配对great eastern ems.Great Britain is considered the first modern ship, being built of metal rather than wood, powered by an engine rather than wind or oars, and driven by propeller rather than paddle wheel. 配对成为广泛认可的标准忘了这个是不是第一题的段落包含信息题了其他记不住了有个火车站什么的配对 Brunel 影响了反对者这个乱配的Passage 3According to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method尮Vladimir Nabokov argued that if we were rigorous with our definitions, Shakespeare's pla The Tempest would have to be termed science fiction.yY/N/NG 第一题就纠结了题目是科幻小说很难下定义文中不是两种观点都有么但是自己答的 YThe Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science fiction novel by Ame然后信息配对有一道是rican writer Robert A. Heinlein, about a lunar colony's revolt against rule from Earth.这门书貌似是配对它成功预测了人类登月Passage 1 Ambergris (旧题)Classification(6), Y/N/NG(4), summary(3)难度★☆难度★☆Passage 2Multiple choice(2 of 5), Summary(4), Headings(7)非洲小国的贫困难度★★placebo对医学的影响Matching, choices, T/F/NG Passage 3雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》迷失的城CAMEL allows archaeologists to survey ancient cities without digging in the dirt, disturbing sitesLike a dromedary that can travela long distance without taking a Overlying aerial photographs show the ancient city walldrink of water, the Oriental at Kerkenes Dag in Turkey.Institute's CAMEL computerproject can traverse vast distances of ancient and modern space without pausing for the usual refreshment known best by archaeologists—digging in the soil.CAMEL (the Center for Ancient Middle Eastern Landscapes) is at the leading edge of archaeology because of what it does not do and what it can do. First, it does not actually excavate. For a science based on the destructive removal of buried artifacts and an examination of them for meaning, CAMEL works in quite the opposite way: it aims to survey ancient sites and disturb them as little as possible.What CAMEL can do however, is remarkable. It organizes maps, aerial photography, satellite images and other data into one place, allowing archaeologists to see how ancient trade routes developed and to prepare simulations of how people may have interacted, given the limitations of their space, the availability of resources and the organization of their cities.CAMEL provides the wonderful opportunity “to see beyond the horizon,”said Scott Branting, Director of the project.Branting oversees the CAMEL project from a second-floor computer lab at the Oriental Institute. As he walks around, he shows off the dozen PCs that form the nucleus of the project, which invites faculty and students to pore through electronic images from throughout the Middle East. “;“The Near Eastern area is defined for the purposes of our collections as an enormous box stretching from Greece on the west to Afghanistan on the east, from the middle of the Black Sea on the north to the horn of Africa on the south,” he said as he turned on a computer to summon an image from the area.Up popped an aerial surveillance photograph taken for defense purposes during the Cold War. The image showed mounds on the surface of the steppe regions of modern Iraq, sites that are among the hundreds unexplored there that are potentially valuable sites for future excavation when archaeologists can safely return.“Because these images are images from the 1950s and 1960s, they show a terrain much different from what exists today,” he explained. Fields have covered much of the formally barren areas of the Middle East as irrigation has expanded farming. Sites that show up as mounds in photographs may today be leveled and hard to recognize. Some of the ancient material they contain,however, is still buried deep below the surface.Besides the aerial surveillance photographs, the collection includes some photographs taken by small planes in the early days of aerial photography. James Henry Breasted, founder of the Oriental Institute, was an early pioneer in the field and began taking photographs from a plane over sites in Egypt in 1920. Some of his early shots are a bit shaky, though, as he also experienced air sickness during that path-breaking effort.When the Oriental Institute launched an excavation in the 1930s at Persepolis in Iran, the art of aerial photography had progressed greatly, and stunning pictures of the ancient Persian capital helped demonstrate the scope of the city in a way nothing else could. Some of those photographs are on the walls of the Persian Gallery of the Museum of the Oriental Institute, and others are part of the CAMEL database.Oriental Institute scholars also used balloons rigged with cameras to catch overall shots of excavation sites.In addition to the aerial photographs, the collection also includes shots taken by NASA, Digital Globe and other organizations from satellites. Branting is in Turkey this summer working on a site that shows the value of nondestructive techniques such as those developed at CAMEL. He has been studying the ancient and mysterious city of Kerkenes Dag in central Turkey.The city, surrounded by a wall, is a square mile, huge by ancient standards,and is the largest preclassical site in Anatolia, the name for the ancient region that now includes Turkey. The city is about 30 miles from Hattusa, the capital of the ancient Hittite Empire.Although the city was an Iron Age site and was planned and built by powerful leaders capable of controlling a large work force, it is uncertain who held that power. Early scholars had speculated it may have been a rival to the Hittites, but a research team from the Oriental Institute established in 1928 that the city was built sometime after the fall of the Hittites in about 1180 .Geoffrey Summers of the Middle East Technical University in Ankara directed a new dig at the site beginning in 1993. Branting joined the project in 1995 as an Oriental Institute graduate student. Researchers from the Middle East Technical University and the Oriental Institute then joined efforts to work on the project together.have Dag, archaeologists work at Kerkenes From the beginning of the latest trench Random about the site. more used nondestructive techniques to learn was recovered than much more information work would probably not turn up in the 1928 Oriental Institute excavation, scholars have contended. ervational and remote sensing techniques “By employing a range of obsblank the fill in to city, we have been able across the entire area of thesaid. Branting Oriental Institute,” earlier map made by the spaces on anThe work, which includes the techniques used at CAMEL to map accurately a site with photographs, provided archaeologists a chance to work with season another began. Currently, of precision once digging a high degree of excavation is underway.proved this has surface at Kerkenes Dag, “Since so much can be seen ontheto be a very effective technique,” Branting said.Global Positioning System technology has allowed scholars to record the minute topography of the entire ground surface within the site. “Never grand such a been undertaken on before in archaeology has this technique virtual a work to produce model is the basis for ongoing scale. The terrain building neighborhood, neighborhood by the reconstruction of entire city, by building,” he said.By using the techniques, the team was able to locate the gateway of the palace complex and find the first fragmentary inscriptions and reliefs to be recovered at the site. They have been able to date the site to the mid- to late-seventh century through the mid-sixth century . Scholars believe the city may have been one referred to by Herodotus as effort a failed Lydian King Croesus in which Pteria, was conquered by the to block the advance of the Persian Empire.even can true, then we of Kerkenes Dag with Pteria holds equation “If themore precisely date the massive destruction of the city to around 547 . and begin to understand something of its international importance,”Branting said Dematerialization消费-----雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》Until recently the role of consumption as a driving force forenvironmental change has not been widely explored. This may be due in part to the difficulty of collecting suitable data. The present chapter approaches the consumption of materials from the perspective of the forces for materialization or dematerialization of industrial products beyond the underlying and obviously very powerful forces of economic and population growth. Examination can occur on both the unit and the aggregate level of materials consumption. Such study may make it possible to assess current streams of materials use and, based on environmental implications, may suggest directions for future materials policy. dematerialization is often broadly used to characterize the The word decline over time in weight of the materials used in industrial end products. One may also speak of dematerialization in terms of the decline in “embedded energy” in industrial products. Colombo (1988) has speculated that dematerialization is the logical outcome of an advanced economy in which material needs are substantially Williams et al. (1987) have explored relationships between materials use and affluence in the United States. Perhaps we should first ask the question: Is dematerialization taking place? The answer depends, above all, on how dematerialization is defined. The question is particularly of interest from an environmental point of view, because the use of less material could translate into smaller quantities of waste generated at both the production and the consumption phases of the economic process.But less is not necessarily less from an environmental point of view. Ifsmaller and lighter products are also inferior in quality, then more units would be produced, and the net result could be a greater amount of waste generated in both production and consumption. From an environmental viewpoint, therefore, (de)materialization should perhaps be defined as the change in the amount of waste generated per unit of industrial products.On the basis of such a definition, and taking into account overall production and consumption, we have attempted to examine the question of whether dematerialization is occurring. Our goal is not to answer definitively the question whether society is dematerializing but rather to establish a framework for analysis to address this overall question and to indicate some of the interesting and useful directions for study. We have examined a number of examples even though the data are not complete.Undoubtedly, many industrial products have become lighter and smaller with time. Cars, dwelling units, television sets, clothes pressing irons, and calculators are but a few examples. There is, of course, usually a lower bound regarding how small objects such as appliances can be made and still be compatible with the physical dimensions and limitations of human beings (who are themselves becoming larger), as well as with the Apart from such boundary conditions on size and possibly tasks to be weight of many industrial product units, dematerialization of units of products is perceived to be occurring.An important question is how far one could drive dematerialization. For example, for the automobile, how is real world safety related to its mass? In a recent study, Evans (1985) found that, given a single-car crash, the unbelted driver of a car weighing about 2,000 pounds is about times as likely to be killed as is the unbelted driver of an approximately4,000-pound car. The relative disadvantage of the smaller car is essentially the same when the corresponding comparison is made for belted drivers. For two-car crashes it was found that the driver of a 2,000-pound car crashing into another 2,000-pound car is about times as likely to be injured seriously or fatally as is the driver of a 4,000-pound car crashing into another 4,000-pound car. These results suggest one of the reasons that dematerialization by itself will not be a sufficient criterion for social choice about product design. If the product cannot be practically or safely reduced beyond a certain point, can the service provided by the product be provided in a way that demands less material? lb return to the case of transportation, substituting telecommunications for transportation might be a dematerializer, but we have no data on the relative materials demand for the communications infrastructure versus the transportation infrastructure to meet a given need. In any case, demands for communication and transportation appear to increase in tandem,as complementary goods rather than as substitutes for one another.It is interesting to inquire into dematerialization in the world of miniaturization, not only the world of large objects. In the computer industry, for example, silicon wafers are increasing in size to reduce material losses in cutting. This is understandable if one considers that approximately 400 acres of silicon wafer material are used per year by IBM Corporation at a cost of about $100 million per acre. A processed wafer costs approximately $800, and the increase in total wafer area per year is about 10-15 percent. Although silicon wafers do not present a waste disposal problem from the point of view of volume, they are environmentally important because their manufacture involves the handling of hazardous chemicals. They are also interesting as an example of how the production volume of an aggressive new technology tends to grow because of popularity in the market. Moreover, many rather large plastic and metal boxes are required to enclose and keep cool the microchips made with the wafers, even as the world's entire annual chip production might compactly fit inside one 747 jumbo jet. Thus, such new industries may tend to be simultaneously both friends and foes of dematerialization.The production of smaller and lighter toasters, irons, television sets, and other devices in some instances may result in lower-quality products and an increased consumer attitude to ”replace rather than repair.” In Althoughincreased. have may produced units of number the instances, these dematerialization may be the case on a per-unit basis, the increasing number of units produced can cause an overall trend toward materialization with time. As an example, the apparent consumption of shoes, which seem increasingly difficult to repair, has risen markedly in the United States since the 1970s, with about billion pairs of nonrubber shoes purchased in 1985, compared with 730 million pairs as recently as 1981 (Table 1). In contrast, improvements in quality generally result in dematerialization, as has been the case for tires. The total tire production in the United States has risen over time (Figure 1), following from general increases in both the number of registered vehicles and the total miles of travel. However, the number of tires per million vehicle miles of travel has declined (Figure 2). Such a decline in tire wear can be attributed to improved tire quality, which results directly in a decrease in the quantity of solid waste due to discarded tires. For example,a tire designed to have a service life of 100,000 miles could reduce solid waste from tires by 60-75 percent (Westerman, 1978). Other effective tire waste reduction strategies include tire retreading and recycling, as well as the use of discarded tires as vulcanized rubber particles in roadway asphalt mixes.Dematerialization of unit products affects, and is influenced by, a numberof factors besides product quality. These include ease of manufacturing, production cost, size and complexity of the product, whether the product is to be repaired or replaced, and the amount of waste to be generated and processed. These factors influence one another as well (Figure 3). For example, the ease of manufacture of a particular product in smaller and lighter units may result in lower production cost and cheaper products of lower quality, which will be replaced rather than repaired on breaking down. Although a smaller amount of waste will be generated on a per-unit basis, more units will be produced and disposed of, and there may be an overall increase in waste generation at both the production and the consumption ends.Another factor of interest on the production end is scale. One would expect so-called economies of scale in production to lead to a set of facilities that embody less material for a given output. Does having fewer, larger plants in fact involve significantly less use of material (or space) than having more, smaller ones? At the level of the individual product, the shift from mainframe computers to personal computers, driven by desires for local independence and convenience, may also be in the direction of materialization.Among socioeconomic factors influencing society's demand for Mate- are the nature of various activities, composition of the work force, and income levels. For example, as a predominantly agricultural society evolves toward industrialization, demand for materials increases, whereas the transition from an industrial to a service society might bring about a decline in the use of materials. Within a given culture, to what extent are materials use and waste generation increasing functions of income?The spatial dispersion of population is a potential materializer. Migration from urban to suburban areas, often driven by affluence, requires more roads, more single-unit dwellings, and more automobiles with a consequent significant expansion in the use of materials. The movement from large, extended families sharing one dwelling to smaller, nuclear families may be regarded as a materializer if every household unit occupies a separate dwelling. Factors such as photocopying, photography, advertising, poor quality, high cost of repair, and wealth generally force materialization. Technological innovation, especially product innovation, may also tend to force materialization, at least in the short run. For example, microwave ovens, which are smaller than old-fashioned ovens, have now been acquired by most American households. However, they have come largely as an addition to, not a substitute for, previous cooking appliances. In the long term, if microwave ovens truly replace older ovens,this innovation may come to be regarded as a dematerializer. National security and war, styles and fashions, and fads may also function asmaterializers by accelerating production and consumption. Demand for health and fitness, local mobility, and travel may spur materialization in other ways.The societal driving forces behind dematerialization are, at best, diverse and contradictory. However, the result may indeed be a clear trend in materialization or dematerialization. This could be determined only through collection and analysis of data on the use of basic materials with time, particularly for industry and especially for products with the greatest materials demand. Basic materials such as metals and alloys ., steel, copper, aluminum), cement, sand, gravel, wood, paper, glass, ceramics, and rubber are among the materials that should be considered. The major products and associated industries that would be interesting to study could well include roads, buildings, automobiles, appliances, pipes (metal, clay, plastic), wires, clothing, newsprint and books, packaging materials, pottery, canned food, and bottled or canned drinks.11/09/2010Academic Reading Y /N /NG和summary★☆恐龙的脚印Passage 1难度电子书和数字音乐9个list of heading，剩下是TFNG难度★★☆Passage 2道 summary3 6道，TFNG 5道和天文物理段落配信息难度 Passage 3★★☆Comment 难，HEADINGS出了9道题，段落配信息6个。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-05-27 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期：2013年5月18日Reading Passage 1Title:Mobile Phones and Driving开车接电话的危害Question types:简答题；TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN（7题）文章内容回顾有四个实验，第一个实验好像是说都以为开车接电话不好，但到底有多不好还不知道，所以就有专家开始做实验，发现确实有212毫秒的误差；第二个实验是说，让实验者repeat听到的东西，发现确实情况更加糟糕；第三个实验是说如果有人跟司机交谈，会不会也造成这种情况，然后实验结果发现如果讨论的是相关话题，司机反而会全神贯注；第四个实验不太清楚。

然后最后两段讲这样做了之后的社会效应，和对开车打电话的惩罚。

英文原文阅读The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, or texting while driving, is limited. A simulation study at the Monash University Accident Research Centre has provided strong evidence that both retrieving and, in particular, sending text messages has a detrimental effect on a number of critical driving tasks. Specifically, negative effects were seen in detecting and responding correctly to road signs, detecting hazards, time spent with eyes off the road, and (only for sending text messages) lateral position. Surprisingly, mean speed, speed variability, lateral position when receivingtext messages, and following distance showed no difference. A separate, yet unreleased simulation study at the University of Utah found a sixfold increase in distraction-related accidents when texting.The low number of scientific studies may be indicative of a general assumption that if talking on a mobile phone increases risk, then texting also increases risk, and probably more so. Market research by Pinger, a company selling a voice-based alternative to texting reported that 89% of U.S. adults think that text messaging while driving is "distracting, dangerous and should be outlawed." The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety has released polling data that show that 87% of people consider texting and e-mailing while driving a "very serious" safety threat, almost equivalent to the 90% of those polled who consider drunk driving a threat. Despite the acknowledgement of the dangers of texting behind the wheel, about half of drivers 16 to 24 say they have texted while driving, compared with 22 percent of drivers 35 to 44.Texting while driving received greater attention in the late 2000s, corresponding to a rise in the number of text messages being sent. Over a year approximately 2,000 teens die from texting while driving. Texting while driving attracted interest in the media after several highly publicized car crashes were caused by texting drivers, including a May 2009 incident involving a Boston trolley car driver who crashed while texting his girlfriend. Texting was blamed in the 2008 Chatsworth train collision which killed 25 passengers. Investigations revealed that the engineer of that train had sent 45 text messages while operating.On July 27, 2009, the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute released preliminary findings of their study of driverdistraction in commercial vehicles. Two studies, comprising about200long-haul trucks driving 3 million combined miles, used videocameras to observe the drivers and road; researchers observed"4,452 safety-critical events, which includes crashes, nearcrashes, crash-relevant conflicts, and unintended lanedeviations." 81% of the safety critical events had some type ofdriver distraction. Text messaging had the greatest relativerisk, with drivers being 23 times more likely to experience asafety-critical event when texting. The study also found thatdrivers typically take their eyes off the forward roadway for anaverage of four out of six seconds when texting, and an averageof 4.6 out of the six seconds surrounding safety-critical events.题型难度分析根据考生反映，第一篇不是很难。

3.重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。

TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。

FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。

NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑4 Test 1 Passage 1剑5 Test 3 Passage 1Reading Passage 2Title:两种蚂蚁的分类（V090711/V120428旧文）Question types:Multiple Choice;Which paragraph contains the following information; Detail Matching文章内容回顾讲一种蚂蚁和真菌共生。

先讲它们的一些基本情况，然后说这类蚂蚁其实也有很多分类，比如说A和B,然后用一段在讲A和B的区别。

然后就有科学家做实验，因为发现了这类共生的真菌基因的独特性正在降低。

有个人做实验，但限于当时的分子生物学技术，他没有成功，但指明了一些方向。

后来人们发现共生菌有个宿敌，是某种病毒，事实上是病毒驱使共生蚂蚁和细菌成为现在这种情况的。

英文原文阅读Ants are social insects of the family Formicidae(pron.:/f?r?m?s?d i?/) and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 out of an estimated total of 22,000species have been classified. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and a distinctive node-like structure that forms a slender waist. Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may occupy large territories and consist of millionsof individuals. Larger colonies consist mostly of sterilewingless females forming castes of "workers", "soldiers", orother specialised groups. Nearly all ant colonies also have somefertile males called "drones" and one or more fertile femalescalled "queens". The colonies sometimes are described assuperorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unifiedentity, collectively working together to support the colony.Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. The onlyplaces lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remoteor inhospitable islands. Ants thrive in most ecosystems and mayform 15–25% of the terrestrial animalbiomass. Their success inso many environments has been attributed to their socialorganisation and their ability to modify habitats, tap resources,and defend themselves. Their long co-evolution with other specieshas led to mimetic,commensal, parasitic, and mutualisticrelationships.Ant societies have division of labour, communication betweenindividuals, and an ability to solve complex problems. Theseparallels with human societies have long been an inspiration andsubject of study. Many human cultures make use of ants in cuisine,medication, and rituals. Some species are valued in their roleas biological pest control agents. Their ability to exploitresources may bring ants into conflict with humans, however, asthey can damage crops and invade buildings. Some species, suchas the red imported fire ant, are regarded as invasive species,establishing themselves in areas where they have been introducedaccidentally.题型难度分析根据考生回忆，这篇文章的话题相对较为熟悉，但还是有难度。