雅思阅读模拟试卷1(含答案)

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雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案

雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案

雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案第一篇试题1. 根据文章,下列哪个陈述是正确的?A. 研究显示,电子设备使用对儿童的发展没有任何负面影响。

B. 儿童使用电子设备越多,他们的社交技能就越好。

C. 儿童使用电子设备会导致面部表情能力的退化。

D. 儿童使用电子设备的时间越长,他们的注意力就越集中。

2. 从文章中可以推断出什么?A. 青少年现在比以前更喜欢户外活动。

B. 大多数青少年每天使用电子设备超过五个小时。

C. 电子设备对青少年的学习成绩没有任何影响。

D. 青少年对电子设备的使用并不感到有罪恶感。

参考答案1. C2. B第二篇试题1. 从文章中可以推断出什么?A. 女性企业家比男性企业家更成功。

B. 女性企业家的工作时间比男性企业家更长。

C. 女性企业家通常在家庭和事业之间取得平衡。

D. 女性企业家比男性企业家更有创造力。

2. 根据文章,下列哪个陈述是正确的?A. 女性企业家的成功很大程度上取决于她们的家庭支持。

B. 现代女性企业家比过去更受到鼓励和支持。

C. 女性企业家在创业过程中面临更多障碍。

D. 女性企业家的成功主要归功于她们的教育背景。

参考答案1. C2. C第三篇试题1. 根据文章,下列哪个陈述是错误的?A. 生活在城市中的人更容易受到空气污染的影响。

B. 城市居民的健康状况普遍比农村居民更差。

C. 长期暴露在空气污染中可能导致呼吸系统疾病。

D. 空气质量对人们的心理健康没有影响。

2. 从文章中可以推断出什么?A. 空气污染对于城市居民来说是不可避免的。

B. 空气质量对于人们的生活质量非常重要。

C. 农村地区的空气质量比城市地区好。

D. 空气污染主要由工业排放引起。

参考答案1. B2. B注意事项请注意,以上参考答案仅供参考,具体情况还需根据文章内容进行判断。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一(1篇)

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一(1篇)

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一(1篇)雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一 1New evidence has linked a monly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours,including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences,including sleepwalking,amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders,they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem,sold under the brand names Ambien,Stilnoct and Stilnox,is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug,made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis,were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the re port.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency,meanwhile,has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries,including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case,a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after takingzolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain e less active during deep sleep,the body can still move,making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects,including hallucinations,sleepwalking and nightmares,are more likely in the elderly,and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug panies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection,a US networkthat advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that e out about the potential side effects of the drug,the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects,” says sle ep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder,US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects,points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School,director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence,Rhode Island,US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications,zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained:some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food Drug Administration says it is continuing to “actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possi ble rare adverse event,” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann,adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zo lpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien,Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the otherside of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares,hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem waswell established?A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects? Answer keys and explanations:1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning:Zolpidem,sold under the brand names Ambien,Stilnoct and Stilnox,is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”:Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking z olpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”。

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题试题一:词汇理解(20分钟)阅读以下段落,然后回答问题。

段落:问题:1. What is the main idea of the paragraph?2. According to the paragraph, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?{content}试题二:长篇阅读(40分钟)阅读以下文章,然后回答问题。

文章:The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers问题:1. What is the main topic of the article?2. According to the article, what are the potential negative effects of excessive social media use among teenagers?{content}试题三:信息匹配(20分钟)阅读以下段落,然后匹配每个段落与其主题。

段落:1. The Internet has changed the way we access information. We can now find answers to our questions with just a few clicks.2. Social media platforms often promote unrealistic lifestyles and beauty standards, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and pressure among users.主题:A. The advantages of the InternetB. The disadvantages of the InternetC. The impact of social media on teenagersD. Online privacy concerns{content}答案解析试题一答案解析1. The main idea of the paragraph is to discuss the role of the Internet in our daily lives and the challenges it poses.试题二答案解析1. The main topic of the article is the impact of social media on teenagers.2. The potential negative effects of excessive social media use among teenagers mentioned in the article are low self-esteem, depression, and addiction.试题三答案解析1. Paragraph 1 matches with theme A (The advantages of the Internet) as it discusses the ease of accessing information online.2. Paragraph 2 matches with theme C (The impact of social media on teenagers) as it discusses the negative effects of social media on users' self-image.3. Paragraph 3 matches with theme D (Online privacy concerns) as it discusses the issue of personal data collection and privacy.希望以上解答对您有所帮助,如有任何疑问,请随时提问。

雅思模拟测试题1答案

雅思模拟测试题1答案

雅思模拟测试题1答案听力部分答案:Section 11. B) 12th March2. C) 2:30 pm3. A) library4. B) book a meeting room5. A) bring a laptop6. C) 10 people7. B) free of charge8. A) ask for a receipt9. C) check the equipment10. B) contact the staffSection 211. A) 9:00 am12. C) 3:00 pm13. B) 5:00 pm14. A) 7:30 pm15. C) 9:00 pm16. B) 10:00 pm17. A) 11:00 pm18. C) midnight19. B) 1:00 am20. A) 2:00 amSection 321. C) both are interested in the topic22. A) the professor's expertise23. B) the student's project24. A) the professor's office25. B) the student's dorm26. A) the professor's suggestion27. C) the student's notes28. B) the professor's book29. A) the student's questions30. C) the professor's experienceSection 431. A) the history of the building32. C) the materials used33. B) the architect's name34. A) the building's purpose35. C) the construction date36. B) the building's style37. A) the building's current use38. C) the building's restoration39. B) the building's interior design40. A) the building's exterior features 阅读部分答案:Passage 141. TRUE42. FALSE43. TRUE44. NOT GIVEN45. TRUE46. B) the benefits of the program47. A) the program's history48. D) the program's goals49. C) the program's participants50. A) the program's impactPassage 251. FALSE52. TRUE53. NOT GIVEN54. FALSE55. TRUE56. D) the importance of the subject57. B) the author's perspective58. A) the subject's complexity59. C) the subject's relevance60. E) the subject's futurePassage 361. TRUE62. FALSE63. NOT GIVEN64. TRUE65. TRUE66. A) the challenges faced67. B) the solutions proposed68. C) the research conducted69. D) the results achieved70. E) the implications discussed写作部分答案:Task 1- 描述图表中的趋势和特点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 清晰地组织信息Task 2- 明确表达观点- 使用论据支持观点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 逻辑清晰地组织文章口语部分答案:Part 1- 介绍个人信息- 描述日常生活- 表达个人兴趣Part 2- 描述一个重要的事件或经历- 使用细节丰富叙述- 表达个人感受和看法Part 3- 讨论相关话题- 提供深入的观点和论据- 展示语言的灵活性和深度请注意,以上答案仅为模拟测试题的答案示例,实际雅思考试的答案可能会有所不同。

雅思模拟试题1-阅读(学术类)

雅思模拟试题1-阅读(学术类)

Academic ReadingALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET.The test is divided as follows:Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 13Reading Passage 2 Questions 14 to 27Reading Passage 3 Questions 28 to 40Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one. You can return to it later.TLME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTESNUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40Read ing Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Questio ns 1-5Read ing Passage 1 has seve n paragraphs A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of headings below. Write the correct nu mber (i-x) in boxes 1-5 on your an swer sheet.Example Paragraph A An swer iv1 Paragraph B2 Paragraph C3 Paragraph D4 Paragraph EExample Paragraph F An swer ii5 Paragraph GSpace travel AND healthASpace biomedicine is a relatively new area of research both in the USA and in Europe. Its main objectives are to study the effects of space travel on the human body, identifying the most critical medical problems and finding solutions to those problems. Space biomedicine centres are receiving increasing direct support from NASA and/or the European Space Agency (ESA).BThis involvement of NASA and the ESA reflects growing concern that the feasibility of travel to other planets, and beyond, is no longer limited by engineering constraints but by what the human body can actually withstand. The discovery of ice on Mars, for instance, means that there is now no necessity to design and develop a spacecraft large and powerful enough to transport the vast amounts of water needed to sustain the crew throughout journeys that may last many years. Without the necessary protection and medical treatment, however, their bodies would be devastated by the unremittingly hostile environment of space.CThe most obvious physical changes undergone by people in zero gravity are essentially harmless; in some cases they are even amusing. The blood and other fluids are no longer dragged down towards the feet by the gravity of Earth, so they accumulate higher up in the body, creating what is sometimes called ‘ faftace ,' together with the contrasting‘ chickelnegs 'syndrome as the lower limbs become thinner.Much more serious are the unseen consequencesafter months or years in space. With no gravity, there is less need for a sturdy skeleton to support the body, with the result that the bones weaken, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. This extra calcium can overload the kidneys, leading ultimately to renal failure. Muscles too lose strength through lack of use. The heart becomes smaller, losing the power to pump oxygenated blood to all parts of the body, while the lungs lose the capacity to breathe fully. The digestive system becomes less efficient, a weakened immune system is increasingly unable to prevent diseasesand the high levels of solar and cosmic radiation can cause various forms of cancer.ETo make matters worse, a wide range of medical difficulties can arise in the case of an accident or serious illness when the patient is millions of kilometres from Earth. There is simply not enough room available inside a space vehicle to include all the equipment from a hospital 's casualty unit, some of which would not work properly in space anyway. Even basic things such as a drip depend on gravity to function, while standard resuscitation techniques become ineffective if sufficient weight cannot be applied. The only solution seems to be to create extremely small medical tools and ‘ smartd'evices that can, for example, diagnose and treat internal injuries using ultrasound. The cost of designing and producing this kind of equipment is bound to be, well, astronomical.FSuch considerations have led some to question the ethics of investing huge sums of money to help a handful of people who, after all, are willingly risking their own health in outer space, when so much needs to be done a lot closer to home. It is now clear, however, that every problem of space travel has a parallel problem on Earth that will benefit from the knowledge gained and the skills developed from space biomedical research. For instance, the very difficulty of treating astronauts in space has led to rapid progress in the field of telemedicine, which in turn has brought about developments that enable surgeons to communicate with patients in inaccessible parts of the world. To take another example, systems invented to sterilize waste water on board spacecraft could be used by emergency teams to filter contaminated water at the scene of natural disasters such as floods andearthquakes. In the same way, miniature monitoring equipment, developed to save weight in space capsules, will eventually become tiny monitors that patients on Earth can wear without discomfort wherever they go.GNevertheless, there is still one major obstacle to carrying out studies into the effects of space travel: how to do so without going to the enormous expense of actually working in space. To simulate conditions in zero gravity, one tried and tested method is to work under water, but the space biomedicine centres are also looking at other ideas. In one experiment, researchers study the weakening of bones that results from prolonged inactivity. This would involve volunteers staying in bed for three months, but the centre concerned is confident there should be no great difficulty in finding people willing to spend twelve weeks lying down. All in the name of science, of course.Questi ons 6 and 7An swer the question below usin gNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each an swer.6 Where, apart from Earth, can space travellers find water? ......................7 What happe ns to huma n legs duri ng space travel? ....................Questio ns 8-12Do the followi ng stateme nts agree with the writerIn boxes 8-12 on your an swer sheet writeYES if the stateme nt agrees with tile views of the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage8 The obstacles to going far into space are now medical, not tech no logical.9 Astr on auts cannot survive more tha n two years in space.10 It is morally wrong to spend so much money on space biomedicine.11 Some kinds of surgery are more successful whe n performed in space.12 Space biomedical research can only be done in space.Questi ons 13 and 14Complete the table belowChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDSm the passage for each an swer.Write your an swers in boxes 13 and 14 on your an swer sheet.Telemedic ine treat ing astr on auts 13 .......................... i n remote areasSterilizati on steriliz ing waste water 14 .......................... i n disaster zoness views in Readi ng Passage 1? Telemedic ine treat ing astr on auts 13 .......................... in remote areasMin iaturizatio n sav ingweightweari ng small mon itorscomfortablyRead ing Passage 2You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi on S15-27, which are based on Read ing Passage 2.Cann es. Monte Carlo. St Tropez. Magic n ames all. And much of the en cha ntme nt comes from the deep blue water that laps their shores. But what if somebody pulled the plug? Suppose the Mediterranean Sea were to vanish, leaving behind an expanse of salt desert the size of India. Hard to imagine? It happened.‘ iwould have looked like Death Valley, says Bill Ryan, from the Lam on t-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York, one of the leaders of the team that discovered the Mediterranean had once dried up, then refilled in a deluge of Biblical proportions. Between five and six million years ago, the great desiccation touched off what scientists call me Messinian Salinity Crisis-a global chemical imbalance that triggered a wrenching series of exti nctions and plun ged the Earth into an ice age.The first indications of some extraordinary past events came in the 1960s, when geologists 20 discovered that major rivers flowing into the Mediterranean had eroded deep canyons in the rock at the bottom of the sea. River erosi on of bedrock cannot occur below sea level, yet somehow the River Rhone in the South of France had man aged to create a cha nnel 1000 metres deep in the sea floor, while the Nile had cut nearly 1500 metres into the rock off the North African coast. There was more: despite the fact that the formation of caves can only take place above water, scie ntists 30 discovered a whole n etwork ben eath the isla nd of Malta that reached an ast oni shi ng depth of 2000 metres below sea level.Further evidence came to light in 1970, when an international team chugged across the Mediterranean in a drilling ship to study the sea floor near the Spanish island of Majorca. Strange things started turning up in core samples: layers of microscopic plants and soil sandwiched betweenbeds of salt more than two kilometres below today 's sea level. The plants had grown in sunlight. Also discovered inside the rock were fossilized shallow-water shellfish, together with salt and silt: particles of sand and mud that had once been carried by river water. Could the sea floor once have been near a shoreline?That question led Ryan and his fellow team leader, Kenneth Hs u , to piece together a staggering chain of events. About 5.8 million years ago, they concluded, the Mediterranean was gradually cut off from the Atlantic Ocean when continental drift pinned Morocco against Spain. As the opening became both narrower and shallower, the deep outward flow from sea to ocean was progressively cut off, leaving only the shallow inward flow of ocean water into the Mediterranean. As this water evaporated, the sea became more saline and creatures that couldn 'htandle the rising salt content perished. ‘Thesea'insterior was dead as a door nail, except for bacteria, ' says Ryan. When the shallow opening raatltGairbfinally closed completely, the Mediterranean, with only rivers to feed it, dried up and died.Meanwhile, the evaporated water was falling back to Earth as rain. When the fresh water reached the oceans, it made them less saline. With less salt in it to act as an antifreeze, parts of the ocean that would not normally freeze began to turn to ice.‘The ice reflects sunlight into space, ' says Ryan. 'The planet cools. You drive yourself into an ice age. 'Eventually, a small breach in the Gibraltar dam sent the process into reverse. Ocean water cut a tiny channel to the Mediterranean. As the gap enlarged, the water flowed faster and faster, until the torrent ripped through the emerging Straits of Gibraltar at more than 100 knots. ‘The Gibraltar Fallswe0retim10es bigger than Victoria Falls and a thousand times grander than Niagara, 'Hs u wrote in his book The Mediterranean was a Desert (Princeton University Press, 1983).In the end the rising waters of the vast inland sea drowned the falls and warm waterbegan to escape to the Atlantic, reheating the oceans and the planet. The salinity crisis ended about 5.4 million years ago. It had lasted roughly 400,000 years.Subsequent drilling expeditions have added a few wrinkies to Ryan and Hs u' s scenario. For example, researchers have found salt deposits more than two kilometres thick - so thick, some believe, that the Mediterranean must have dried up and refilled many times. But those are just geological details. Fortourists the crucial question is, could it happen again? Should Malaga start stockpiling dynamite? Not yet, says Ryan. If continental drift does reseal the Mediterranean, it won several million years.‘Some future creatures may face the issue of how to respond to nature ' s closure. It ' s not something our species has to worry about. 'Questions 15-19Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.The 1960s discovery of 15 ......................... in the bedrock of the Mediterranean, aswell as deep caves beneath Malta, suggested something strange had happened in the region, as these features must have been formed 16 ................................................ sea level. Subsequent examination of the 17 ........................ off Majorca provided more proof.Rock samples from 2000 metres down contained both vegetation and18 ....................... that could not have lived in deep water, as well as19 ....................... o ri g i n a l l y transported by river.Questions 20-22Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below. Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.20 The extra ice did not absorb the heat from the sun, so...21 The speed of the water from the Atlantic increased as...22 The Earth and its oceans became warmer when...Questions 23-27Choose the appropriate letters A, B, C or D and write them in boxes 23-27 on your answer sheet.23 What, according to Ryan and Hs u , happened about 5.8 million years ago? A Movement of the continents suddenly closed the Straits of Gibraltar.B The water level of the Atlantic Ocean gradually fell.C The flow of water into the Mediterranean was immediately cut off.D Water stopped flowing from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.24 Why did most of the animal and plant life in the Mediterranean die?A The water became too salty.B There was such a lot of bacteria in the water.C The rivers did not provide salt water.D The sea became a desert.25 According to the text, the events at Gibraltar led toA a permanent cooling of the Earth.B the beginning and the end of an ice age.C the formation of waterfalls elsewhere in the world.D a lack of salt in the oceans that continues to this day.26 More recent studies show thatA Ryan and Hs u's theory was correct in every detail.B the Mediterranean was never cut off from the Atlantic.C it may have been cut off more than once.D it might once have been a freshwater lake.27 At the end of the article, Ryan suggests thatA the Mediterranean will never dry up again.B humans will have the technology to prevent it drying up again.C the Mediterranean is certain to dry up again one day.D humans will never see the Mediterranean dry up.Read ing Passage 3You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi ons 28-40, which are based on Read ingPassage 3.Dogs: a love storyAGen etic studies show that dogs evolved from wolves and rema in as similar to the creatures from which they came as huma ns with differe nt physical characteristics are to each other, which is. to say not much different at all, ‘ Even in the most changemitochondrial DNA markers - DNA handed down on the mother' s ide- dogs and wolves differ by not ' much more than one per cent ' says Robert Wayne, a geneticist at the University of California at Los Angeles.BWolf-like species go back one to two milli on years, says Wayne, whose gen etic work suggests dogs of some sort bega n break ing away about 100,000 years ago. Wolf and early huma n fossils have bee n found close together from as far back as 400,000 years ago, but dog and huma n fossils date back only about 14,000 years, all of which puts wolves and/or dogs in the company of man or his progenitor 'before the development of farming and permanent human settlements, at a time when both species survived on what they could scratch out hunting or scave nging.CWhy would these competitors cooperate? The answer probably lies in the similar social structure and size of wolf packs and early human clans, the compatibility of their hunting objectives and range, and the willingness of humans to accept into camp the most supplia nt wolves, the young or less threate ning on es.DCertai n wolves or protodogs may have worked their way close to the fire ring after smelli ng somethi ng good to eat, the n into early huma n gatheri ngs by proving helpfulor unthreatening. As wandering packs of twenty- five or thirty wolves and clans of like- numbered nomadic humans roamed the landscape in tandem, hunting big game, the animals hung around campsites scavenging leftovers, and the humans might have used the wolves ' superior scenting ability and speed to locate and track prospective kills. At night, wolves with their keen senses could warn humans of danger approaching.ETimes might not have been as hard back then as is commonly thought, in many instances food would have been plentiful, predators few, and the boundaries between humans and wildlife porous. Through those pores slipped smaller or less threatening wolves, which from living in packs where alpha bosses reigned would know the tricks of subservience and could adapt to humans in charge. Puppies in particular would be hard to resist, as they are today. Thus was a union born and a process of domestication begun.FOver the millennia, admission of certain wolves and protodogs into human camps and exclusion of larger, more threatening ones led to the development of people-friendly breeds distinguishable from wolves by size, shape, coat, cars and markings. Dogs were generally smaller than wolves, their snouts proportionally reduced. They would assist in the hunt clean up camp by eating garbage, warn of danger, keep humans warm, and serve as food. Native Americans among others ate puppies, and in some societies it remains accepted practice.GBy the fourth millennium BC Egyptian rock and pottery drawings show dogs being put to work by men. Then, as now, the relationship was not without drawbacks. Feral dogs roamed city streets, stealing food from people returning from market. Despite their penchant for misbehaviour, and sometimes because of it, dogs keep turning up at all the important junctures in human history.HIn ancient Greece, 350 years before Christ, Aristotle described three types of domesticated dogs, including speedy Laconians used by the rich to chase and kill rabbits and deer. Three hundred years later, Roman warriors trained large dogs for battle. The brutes could knock an armed man from his horse and dismember him.IIn seventeenth-century England, dogs still worked, pulling carts, sleds, and ploughs, herding livestock, or working as turn-spits, powering wheels that turned beef and venison over open fires. But Working dogs were not much loved and were usually hanged or drowned when they got old. ‘ Unnecessary ' dogs meanwhile gained statusamong English royalty. King James I was said to love his dogs more than his subjects.Charles n was famous for playing with his dog at Council table, and his brother James had dogs at sea in 1682 when his ship was caught in a storm. As sailors drowned, he allegedly cried out, ‘Save the dogs and Colonel Churchill! 'JBy the late nineteenth century the passion for breeding led to the creation of private registries to protect prized bloodlines. The Kennel Club was formed in England in 1873, and eleven years later the American Kennel Club (AKC) was formed across the Atlantic. Today the AKC registers 150 breeds, the Kennel Club lists 196, and the Europe-based F e d e ratioC yno logique Intern ati on ale recog ni zes many more. Dog shows sprouted in the mid- 1800s when unnecessary dogs began vastly to outnumber working ones, as they do to this day. Unless, that is, you count companionship as a job.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has ten paragraphs labelled A-J.Write the correct letters A-J in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Which paragraph explains how dogs became different in appearance from wolves?29 Which paragraph describes the classification of dogs into many different types?30 Which paragraph states the basic similarity betwee n wolves and dogs?31 Which paragraph gives examples of greater huma n concern for ani mals tha n for people? Questio ns 32-35Which FOUR of the follow ing stateme nts are made in the text?Choose FOUR letters from A-H and write them in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.A In a typical camp there were many more wolves tha n huma ns.B Neither the wolves nor the huma ns lived in one place for long.C Some wolves learned to obey human leaders.D Huma ns chose the most dan gerous wolves to help them hunt.E There was very little for early humans to eat.F Wolves got food from early huma ns.G Wolves started livi ng with huma ns whe n agriculture bega n.H Early huma ns especially liked very young wolves.Questio ns 36-40Write the correct letters A-F in boxes 36-40 on your an swer sheet.36 in war37 as a source of energy38 as food39 to hunt other animals40 to work with farm animals。

雅思模拟考试题及答案

雅思模拟考试题及答案

雅思模拟考试题及答案一、听力部分1. 根据所听对话,选择正确的答案。

A. 火车将在10分钟后到达。

B. 火车已经晚点了20分钟。

C. 火车将在30分钟后出发。

答案:B2. 根据所听对话,选择正确的答案。

A. 男士建议女士去看医生。

B. 女士建议男士去看医生。

C. 两人都同意去看医生。

答案:A二、阅读部分Passage 1阅读以下短文,并回答以下问题。

The history of the bicycle can be traced back to the early 19th century, when it was first invented as a means of transportation. Over the years, the bicycle has evolved from a simple wooden frame to a complex machine with gears and brakes.3. 根据短文,自行车的历史可以追溯到哪个世纪?A. 18th centuryB. 19th centuryC. 20th century答案:B4. 短文中提到自行车最初是由什么制成的?A. 金属B. 木头C. 塑料答案:BPassage 2阅读以下短文,并回答以下问题。

Many people believe that the internet has changed the way we communicate. With the advent of social media, people can now share their thoughts and experiences with others instantly.5. 根据短文,互联网改变了什么?A. 我们的工作方式B. 我们的沟通方式C. 我们的学习方式答案:B6. 短文中提到的社交媒体允许人们做什么?A. 立即分享他们的想法和经历B. 与朋友面对面交流C. 通过邮件发送信息答案:A三、写作部分Task 1根据所给图表,描述以下趋势。

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题一、题目1解答:题目:根据文章,下列哪项陈述是正确的?选项:A. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中没有发生变化。

B. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所下降。

C. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所提高。

D. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所波动。

解答:根据文章内容,我们可以得出正确答案为C,即人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所提高。

文章提到了人类智力的发展和进化,并且指出了人类智力在历史上的不断演化和提高。

二、题目2解答:题目:根据文章,下列哪项陈述是错误的?选项:A. 大脑的大小与智力水平成正比。

B. 教育对智力发展起到重要作用。

C. 智力的遗传因素主导了人类智力的发展。

D. 社会环境对智力发展有一定影响。

解答:根据文章内容,我们可以得出错误答案为A,即大脑的大小与智力水平成正比。

文章提到了大脑的大小与智力水平之间并没有直接的正比关系,而是有很多其他复杂的因素影响智力的发展。

三、题目3解答:题目:根据文章,下列哪项陈述是正确的?选项:A. 遗传因素是唯一影响智力的因素。

B. 教育对智力的发展没有任何作用。

C. 大脑的发育与智力水平无关。

D. 社会环境对智力的发展有重要影响。

解答:根据文章内容,我们可以得出正确答案为D,即社会环境对智力的发展有重要影响。

文章提到了智力发展受到遗传因素和社会环境的共同影响,社会环境对智力的发展起到了重要作用。

四、题目4解答:题目:根据文章,下列哪项陈述是错误的?选项:A. 人类的智力在过去的几百年中发生了显著变化。

B. 大脑的发育和智力的发展是相关的。

C. 教育对智力的发展起到了关键作用。

D. 遗传因素对智力的发展有一定影响。

解答:根据文章内容,我们可以得出错误答案为A,即人类的智力在过去的几百年中发生了显著变化。

文章提到了人类智力的发展和进化是一个长期的过程,并没有明确提及过去几百年中智力的变化。

五、题目5解答:题目:根据文章,下列哪项陈述是正确的?选项:A. 大脑大小是决定智力水平的唯一因素。

雅思考试模拟试题及答案(阅读部分

雅思考试模拟试题及答案(阅读部分

雅思考试模拟试题及答案(阅读部分雅思考试模拟试题及答案(阅读部分)以下是应届毕业生网店铺为同学们收集雅思考试模拟试题及答案(阅读部分),供大家参考!1.Everyone in a particular society recognizes social roles: father, mother, child, teacher, student, police officer, store clerk, doctor, judge, political leader, and so on. Every culture expects certain types of behavior from people who play certain social roles. Anyone occupying a given position is expected to adopt a specific attitude. A store clerk is expected to take care of customers patiently and politely, and a judge is expected to make wise and fair decisions about laws.Informal social roles are not always easy to recognize, but can be identified with careful research. They are key indicators of a group's health and happiness. Within the family, one informal role is the family hero, the person who defines integrity and upholds family morality. Others are the family arbitrator, the person who keeps the peace, and the family historian, often a grandparent, who relays valuable cultural information that maintains both the family and the larger society. And finally, there is the family friend, the person who provides comfort and companionship to the family members with emotional needs.1.Why does the author mention a store clerk and a judge in paragraph 1?A. To give examples of people who hold positions of respects.B. To explain why social roles are important to a society.C. To illustrate the behavior required of certain social roles.D. To compare the responsibilities of two different occupations.2.Why does the author use the term key indicators in discussing informal social roles?A.To identify the most important type of social roles.B.To explain how to identify informal social rolesC.To point out that informal roles are unique to familiesD.To emphasize the value of informal roles to a group答案:1.C2.D2.The many part of the earth’s atmosphere are linked with the various parts of the earth’s surface to produce a whole---the climate system. Different par ts of the earth’s surface react to the energy of the sun in different ways. For example, ice and snow reflect much of it. Land surfaces absorb solar energy and heat up rapidly. Oceans store the energy without experiencing a significant temperature rise. Thus, the different types of surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere at different rates.We can view climate as existing in three domains: space, time, and human perception. In the domain of space, we can study local, regional, and global climates. In time, we can look at the climate for a year, a decade, a millennium, and so forth. Finally, we depend on our perceptions of the data, so we must include our own human perception into our model. Human perception must be included if our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated into societal actions. As a society, we make informed choices about how to use the beneficial effects of climate, such as deciding when and where to plant crops. We also make choices about how to minimize the harmful effects of climate---storms, blizzards, and droughts.1.Why does the author discuss different parts of the earth’s surface in paragraph 1?A.To explain why humans live in some parts but not in othersB.To show that the entire earth is made of the same materialsC.To compare how various surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphereD.To describe changes in the earth’s appearance throughout the year.2.According to the author, why must we include human perception in our study of climate?A.We must interpret data and take actions related to climateB.We must create an interesting model of the climate systemC.We must develop an understanding of our environmentD.We must change our traditional ways of studying climate.(思考)3. Read the sentence below and write an essay which will have a minimum of 100 words.Our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated into societal actions.答案:1.C2.A3. veral men have been responsible for promoting forestry asa profession. Foremost was Gifford Pinchot, the father of the professional forestry in America. He was chief of the Forest Service from 1898 until 1910, working with President Theodore Roosevelt to instigate sound conservation practices in forests. Later he was professor of forestry and founder of the Pinchot School of Forestry at Yale University. Another great forester was Dr. Bernard E. Fernow, the first head of the U.S. Forest Service. He organized the first American school of professional forestry at Cornell University.The foresters of today, like Pinchot and Fernow in the past, plan and supervise the growth, protection, and utilization of trees.They make maps of forest areas, estimate the amount of standing timber and future growth, and manage timber sales. They also protect the trees from fire, harmful insects, and disease. Some foresters may be responsible for other duties, ranging from wildlife protection and watershed management to the development and supervision of camps, parks, and grazing lands. Others do research, provide information to forest owners and to the general public, and teach in colleges and universities.1.Why does the author compare Pinchot and Fernow to the foresters of today?A.To describe different philosophies of forestry managementB.To show how the field of forestry has changed in 100 yearsC.To argue for the expansion of university forestry programsD.To introduce the type of work done by professional foresters2.All of the following are mentioned in the passage EXCEPTA.what foresters do besides protecting treesB.how to select a good school of forestryC.people who promoted forestry as a careerD.management of timber and timber sales3. Think about how professors can contribute their wisdom to the public affairs. Write down your contemplations in a essay which have a minimum of 100 words.答案 :1.D2.B4. clothing to declare their membership in a particular social group; however, the rules for what is acceptable dress for that group may change. In affluent societies, this changing of the rules is the driving force behind fashions. By keeping up with fashions, that is, by changing their clothing style frequently butsimultaneously, members of a group both satisfy their desire for novelty and obey the rules, thus demonstrating their membership in the group.There are some interesting variations regarding individual status. Some people, particularly in the West, consider themselves of such high status that they do not need to display it with their clothing. For example, many wealthy people in the entertainment industry appear in very casual clothes, such as the worn jeans and work boots of a manual laborer. However, it is likely that a subtle but important signal, such as an expensive wristwatch, will prevail over the message of the casual dress. Such an inverted status display is most likely to occur where the person’s high status is conveyed in ways other than with clothing, such as having a famous face.1.According to the author, fashions serve all the following purposes EXCEPTA.satisfying an interest in noveltyB.signaling a change in personal beliefsC.displaying membership in a social groupD.following traditional rules2.Why does the author discuss individual status in paragraph 2?A.To state that individuals status is not important in the WestB.To argue that individuals need not obey every fashion ruleC.To contrast the status of entertainers with that of manual laborersD.To explain how high status may involve an inverted status display3. with the booming economy and rising status, Chinese people are beginning to remember the clothing belonging to ourown nation which is called “han fu”(汉服),and some youth have worn them in some traditional festivals. Please write an essay to express your own thinking.答案:1.B2.DThe war for independence from Britain was a long and economically costly conflict. The New England fishing industry was temporarily destroyed, and the tobacco colonies in the South were also hard hit. The trade in imports was severely affected, since the war was fought against the country that had previously monopolized the colonies’ supply of manufactured goods. The most serious consequences were felt in the cities, whose existence depended on commercial activity. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston were all occupied for a time by British troops. Even when the troops had left, British ships lurked in the harbors and continued to disrupt trade.American income from shipbuilding and commerce declined abruptly, undermining the entire economy of the urban areas. The decline in trade brought a fall in the American standard of living. Unemployed shipwrights, dock laborers, and coopers drifted off to find work on farms and in small villages. Some of them joined the Continental army, or if they were loyal to Britain, they departed with the British forces. The population of the New York City declined from 21,000 in 1774 to less than half that number only nine years later in 1783.The disruptions produced by the fighting of the war, by the loss of established markets for manufactured goods, by the loss of sources of credit, and by the lack of new investment all created a period of economic stagnation that lasted for the next twenty years.1.Why does the author mention the fishing industry and the tobacoo colonies?A. to show how the war for independence affected the economyB. to compare the economic power of two different regionsC. to identify the two largest commercial enterprises in AmericaD. to give examples of industries controlled by British forces2. Why does the author mention the population of New York City in paragraph 2?A. to show that half of New York remained loyal to BritainB. to compare New York with other cities occupied during the warC. to emphasize the great short-term cost of the war for New YorkD. to illustrate the percentage of homeless people in New York3. Chinese people had fought for independence from foreign countries for more than 100 years; we had lost lands, powers, resources and lives during that period. Today, China faces a new challenge that how the development can maintain, in other words, how China doesn’t lag behind. Please write an essay to express your ideas.答案:1.A2.CThe discovery of freezing has changed our eating habits more than any other related invention. Because many foods contain large amounts of water, they freeze solidly at or just below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. When we lower the temperature to well below the freezing point and prevent air from penetratingthe food, we retard the natural process of decay that causes food to spoil. Freezing preserves the flavor and nutrients of food better than any other preservation method. When properly prepared and packed, foods and vegetables can be stored in the freezer for one year.Most vegetables and some fruits need blanching before they are frozen, and to avoid this step would be an expensive mistake. The result would be a product largely devoid of vitamins and minerals. Proper blanching curtails the enzyme action, which vegetables require during their growth and ripening but which continues after maturation and will lead to decay unless it is almost entirely stopped by blanching. This process is done in two ways, either by plunging vegetables in a large amount of rapidly boiling water for a few minutes or by steaming them. For steam blanching, it is important that timing begin when the water at the bottom of the pot is boiling. Different vegetables require different blanching times, and specified times for each vegetable must be observed. Under-blanching is like no blanching at all, and over-blanching, while stopping the enzyme action, will produce soggy, discolored vegetables.1.Why does the author mention 32 degrees Fahrenheit?A.To suggest the storage temperature for most foodsB.To identify the freezing point of waterC.To state the correct setting for a freezerD.To give the temperature for blanching2.Why does the author use the term expensive mistake in discussing blanching?A.To state that blanching is expensive but very effectiveB.To warn that not blanching will harm the food’s nutritional valueC.To emphasize the importance of blanching only a few items at a timeD.To show that many people waste food by blanching improperly3. In our daily life, there are a lot of traditional and scientific methods to maintain the foods’ nutrients, please write an essay to introduce the process of one way.答案:1.B2.BThe house style that dominated American housing during the 1880s and 1890s was known as Queen Anne, a curious name for an American style. The name was, in fact, a historical accident, originating with fashionable architects in Victorian England who coined it with apparently no reason other than its pleasing sound. The Queen Anne style was loosely based on medieval structures built long before 1702, the beginning year of Queen Anne’s reign.A distinctive characteristic found in most Queen Anne houses is the unusual roof shape --- a steeply pitched, hipped central portion with protruding lower front and side extensions that end in gables. It is often possible to spot these distinctive roof forms from several blocks away. Another feature of this style is the detailing, shown in the wood shingle siding cut into fanciful decorative patterns of scallops, curves, diamonds, or triangles. Queen Anne houses are almost always asymmetrical. If you draw an imaginary line down the middle of one, you will see how drastically different the right and left sides are, all the way from ground level to roof peak. A final characteristic is the inviting wraparound porch that includes the front door area and then extends around to either the right or left side of the house.Queen Anne houses faded from fashion early in the twentieth century as the public’s taste shifted toward the more modern Prairie and Craftsman style houses. Today, however, Queen Anne houses are favorite symbols of the past, painstakingly and lovingly restored by old-house buffs and reproduced by builders who give faithful attention to the distinctive shapes and detailing that were first popularized more than one hundred years ago.1. Why does the author use the word curious in describing the name of an American style?A.The style was invented before Queen Anne’s reign.B.The name was accidentally misspelled.C.The style was more popular in Victorian England.D.The name did not originate in American.2. The word it in paragraph 1 refers toA. styleB. nameC. accidentD. England3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of Queen Anne houses?A. decorative windowsB. wood shingle exterior wallsC. large porchD. steeply pitched roof4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Queen Anne style?A. the Queen Anne style combined several other styles.B. the Queen Anne style had to be built in the city.C. the Queen Anne style was elaborate and ornate.D. the Queen Anne style was not very popular.5. The word buffs in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA. expertsB. sellersC. criticsD. painters6. Can you predict the main element which the architects will concern for next generation of house style? Write an essay to give your opinions.答案:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.AOne of the most interesting and distinctive of all uses of language is commentary. An oral reporting of ongoing activity, commentary is used in such public arenas as political ceremonies, parades, funerals, fashion shows and cooking demonstrations. The most frequently occurring type of commentary may be that connected with sports and games. In sports there are two kinds of commentary, and both are often used for the same sporting event. “play-by-play” commentary narrates the sports event, while “color –adding” or “color” commentary provides the audience with pre-event background, during-event interpretation, and post-event evaluation. Color commentary is usually conversational in style and can be a dialogue with two or more commentators.Play-by-play commentary is of interest to linguists because it is unlike other kinds of narrative, which are typically reported in past tense. Play-by-play commentary is reported in present tense. Some examples are “he takes the lead by four” and “she’s in position.” One linguist characterizes radio play-by-play commentary as “a monologue directed at an unknown,unseen mass audience who voluntarily choose to listen…and provide no feedback to the speaker.” It is these characteristics that make this kind of commentary unlike any other type of speech situation.The chief feature of play-by-play commentary is a highly formulaic style of presentation. There is distinctive grammar not only in the use of the present tense but also in the omission of certain element s of sentence structure. For example “Smith in close” eliminates the verb, as some newspaper headlines do. Another example is inverted word order, as in “over at third is Johnson.” Play-by-play commentary is very fluent, keeping up with the pace of the action. The rate is steady and there is little silence. The structure of the commentary is cyclical, reflecting the way most games consist of recurring sequences of short activities---as in tennis and baseball---or a limited number of activity options---as in the various kinds of football. In racing, the structure is even simpler, with the commentator informing the listener of the varying order of the competitors in a “state of play” summary, which is crucial for listeners or viewers who have just tuned in.1.Which of the following statements is true of color commentary?A.It narrates the action of the event in real time, using the present tense.B.It is a monologue given to an audience that does not respond to the speaker.C.It is steady and fluent because it must keep up with the action of the event.D.It gives background on the event, and interprets and evaluates the event.2.Why does the author quote a linguist in paragraph 2?A.To describe the uniqueness of radio play-by-playB.To show how technical sports commentary isC.To give examples of play-by-play commentaryD.To criticize past trends in sports commentary3.It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely agrees with which of the following statements about sports commentary?A.Color commentary is more important than play-by-play commentaryB.Sports commentators do not need special knowledge of the sport.mentary enhances the excitement and enjoyment of sports.D.Sports commentators should work hard to improve their grammar.答案:1. D2. A3.C。

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READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Sleep medication linked tobizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonlyprescribed sleep medication with bizarrebehaviours,including a case in which awoman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences,including sleepwalking,amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders,they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem,sold under the brand names Ambien,Stilnoct and Stilnox,is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug,made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis,were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Austral ia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while takin g zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency,meanwhile,has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries,including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case,a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep,the body can still move,making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects,including hallucinations,sleepwalking and nightmares,are more likely in the elderly,and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection,a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the poten tial side effects of the drug,the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects,” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder,US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects,points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School,director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence,Rhode Island,US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications,zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained:some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambie n label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event,” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann,adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily beca used by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien,Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion ofa flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet. 7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares,hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established?A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Questions 14-19This passage has 7 paragraphs A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi. How does torcetrapib work?ii. Contradictory result prior to the current trialiii. One failure may possibly bring about future successiv. The failure doesn’t lead to total loss of confidencev. It is the right route to followvi. Why it’s stoppedvii. They may combine and theoretically produce ideal resultviii. What’s wrong with the drugix. It might be wrong at the first placeExample answerParagraph A iv14.Paragraph B15.Paragraph C16.Paragraph D17.Paragraph E18.Paragraph F19.Paragraph GWhy did a promising heart drug fail? Doomed drug highlights complications of meddling withcholesterol.A.The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels.But many researchers remain confident that drugs to boost levels of 'good' cholesterol are still one of the most promising means to combat spiralling heart disease.B.Drug company Pfizer announced on 2 December that it was cancelling all clinical trials of torcetrapib,a drug designed to raise heart-protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).In a trial of 15000 patients,a safety board found that more people died or suffered cardiovascular problems after taking the drug plus a cholesterol-lowering statin than those in a control group who took the statin alone.C.The news came as a kick in the teeth to many cardiologists because earlier tests in animals and people suggested it would lower rates of cardiovascular disease."There have been no red flags to my knowledge," says John Chapman,a specialist in lipoproteins and atherosclerosis at the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris who has also studied torcetrapib."This cancellation came as a complete shock."D.Torcetrapib is one of the most advanced of a new breed of drugs designed to raise levels of HDLs,which ferry cholesterol out of artery-clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body.Specifically,torcetrapib blocks a protein called cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP),which normally transfers the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density,plaque-promoting ones.Statins,in contrast,mainly work by lowering the 'bad' low-density lipoproteins.Under pressureE.Researchers are now trying to work out why and how the drug backfired,something that will not become clear until the clinical details are released by Pfizer.One hint lies in evidence from earlier trials that it slightly raises blood pressure in some patients.It was thought that this mild problem would be offset by the heart benefits of the drug.But it is possible that it actually proved fatal in some patients who already suffered high blood pressure.If blood pressure is the explanation,it would actually be good news for drugdevelopers because it suggests that the problems are specific to this compound.Other prototype drugs that are being developed to block CETP work in a slightly different way and might not suffer the same downfall.F.But it is also possible that the whole idea of blocking CETP is flawed,says Moti Kashyap,who directs atherosclerosis research at the VA Medical Center in Long Beach,California.When HDLs excrete cholesterol in the liver,they actually rely on LDLs for part of this process.So inhibiting CETP,which prevents the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL,might actually cause an abnormal and irreversible accumulation of cholesterol in the body."You're blocking a physiologic mechanism to eliminate cholesterol and effectively constipating the pathway," says Kashyap.Going upG.Most researchers remain confident that elevating high density lipoproteins levels by one means or another is one of the best routes for helping heart disease patients.But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood.One approved drug,called niacin,is known to both raise HDL and reduce cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling.Researchers are exploring whether they can bypass this side effect and whether niacin can lower disease risk more than statins alone.Scientists are also working on several other means to bump up high-density lipoproteins by,for example,introducing synthetic HDLs."The only thing we know is dead in the water is torcetrapib,not the whole idea of raising HDL," says Michael Miller,director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center,Baltimore.Questions 20-26Match torcetrapib,HDLs,statin and CETP with their functionsWrite the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.20.It has been administered to over 10,000 subjects in a clinical trial.21.It could help rid human body of cholesterol.22.Researchers are yet to find more about it.23. It was used to reduce the level of cholesterol.24. According to Kashyap, it might lead to unwanted result if it’s blocked.25. It produced contradictory results in different trials.26. It could inhibit LDLs.List of choicesA. TorcetrapicB. HDLSC. StatinD. CETPREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below .Seeking an energy holy trinity1 NEELIE KROES, the European Union's competition commissioner, did not mince her words when reporting on Europe's energy markets on Wednesday January 10th. Europe's energy firms have failed to invest innetworks and so customers are suffering.Those “vertically integrated” energycompanies such as Electricité de France(EDF) or Germany's E.ON, widely dubbedas “national champions”, are effect ivelybehaving like local monopolies. Shy ofcompetition, eager for artificially highprices, they are helping to block the efficient generation, transmission and distribution of energy on the continent.2 Energy prices vary wildly across Europe. Ms Kroes wants to see cheaper energy, and intends to push suppliers to divest their distribution network and to get them to invest more in transportation systems so that more energy—in the form of gas, or electricity, for example—can flow easily over borders. It is remarkably hard, for example, for gas-poor Germany to import from the neighbouring, gas-rich Netherlands. Companies that dominate national markets have, so far, had little interest in improving the interconnections which would mean lower prices for consumers across the continent.3 Ms Kroes, of course, will struggle to get her way. The European Commission, which on the same day presented its recommendation for improving EU energy policy, also wants to see the unbundling of ownership, the legal separation of energy suppliers and transporters, something that the integrated energy companies and interested governments, notably in France and Germany, are bound to oppose ferociously.4 Complicating the matter is an argument over the security of energy supply in Europe. Much has been made of the risk for western Europe of depending too heavily on Russian exports of gas. Russia under Vladimir Putin is prone to using energy exports as a blunt tool of foreign policy, especially when trying to bully countries in its hinterland. Last year Russia interrupted gas deliveries to Ukraine, affecting supplies in central and western Europe too. This week it blocked oil exports passing via Belarus to Europe, though that spat was soon resolved.5 The risk is that concerns about security of supply may be used spuriously by those inEurope who oppose the sort of liberalisation encouraged by Ms Kroes. The likes of E.ON and EDF may claim that only protected national champions are able to secure supply, by striking long-term deals with powerful foreign suppliers. The Commission disagrees. Such deals are too often politically motivated and far from transparent. Protection has been tried for long enough and evidently has not worked for the internal market, nor have these companies secured the best deals for consumers from the Russians.6 In contrast, the Commission's new policy proposes, ideally, a break-up of these companies into suppliers and distributors. (As a second best solution, especially for France and Germany, it recommends the management of the networks by a third party.) Properly independent managers of Europe's energy networks would have a strong incentive to build interconnecting pipelines and power lines across borders. For the gas market another means of ensuring competition and security would be finding a more diverse range of suppliers, for example by building more terminals for the import of liquified natural gas. It would also be likely to mean lower prices, if the example of liberalised Britain over the past ten years is anything to go by.7 Whether any of this is likely to happen soon, however, is another matter. The Commission is also calling for European governments to agree on a common effort to reduce carbon emissions by at least 20% by 2020 (compared with 1990 levels). If America is willing to play ball, the Commission proposes to reduce emissions by as much as 30%. Achieving either target would mean promoting cleaner cars, a more effectiveemissions-trading system for Europe, wider use of public transport and a sharp increase in the use of renewable sources of energy, like wind and solar power. All that is laudable enough, but will also require political horse-trading as governments—Europe's leaders are due to meet in March to discuss the various energy proposals—try to avoid commitments that may hurt domestic energy companies or make European firms less competitive than rivals in America, Asia and elsewhere.Questions 27-31Do the following statements reflect the views of the writer in the reading passage?In boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement reflects the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage27.Europe's energy companies have funded the construction of the distribution network.28.There has been a wide range of energy prices within Europe.29.Gas-poor Germany has to pay a price higher than average to import gas from its neighbour.30.E.ON and EDF may oppose the liberalisation due to their concerns about the security of energy supply.31.The European Commission proposes to reduce carbon emissions by 30% if the U.S. is willing to cut its.Questions 32-36Look at the box of countries below.Choose One or Two countries to complete the following sentences.Write your answers in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.CountriesA. BelarusB. BritainC. FranceD. GermanyE. RussiaF. UkraineG. The U.S.32. It's dangerous for western Europe to depend too much on gas imports from…………33. A liberalised policy of energy supply was enforced over ten years in…………34. Last year energy supplies in central and western Europe was affected owing to the interruption of gas deliveries to…………35. The governments in…………are bound to oppose the separation of energy suppliers and transporters?36. Oil exports passing via…………to Europe was blocked this week.Questions 37-40Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40.37. The EC disagrees with energy firms to strike long-term deals with foreign suppliers because such deals are usually far from…………38. The EC proposes to split those “national champions” into…………39. A more diverse range of suppliers would guarantee…………in the European gas market.40. The realization of carbon emissions reduction would require the promotion of cleaner cars,a better emissions-trading system,wider use of public transport and more use of…………of energy.READING ANSWERS&EXPLAINATION1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning: Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subt itle “Midnight snack”: The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 u nder the subtitle “Midnight snack”: In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning: A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalkingand nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee par a.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674,500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning: Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.14. vi15. Ii16. vii 本段介绍了torcetrapib和statin的治病原理,但是同时短语“in contrast”与之前第二段后半段的内容呼应,暗示了这两种药在理论上能相辅相成,是理想的搭配。

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