信号灯控制行人过人行道的替代微观比较

毕业设计（论文）文献翻译

题目牛街主干道连续交通计算机仿真

学生姓名学号

专业名称年级

指导教师职称

所在系（院）计算机科学与技术

2011年 3月 14日

Micro-simulated Comparisons of Alternative Signalized

Pedestrian Crossings

ABSTRACT

Four different signalized pedestrian crossing technologies are analyzed using the VISSIM micro-simulation tool. The objective is to study how changing the crossing type affects various measures of effectiveness for both vehicles and pedestrians. A simple network with a single junction is coded with two different pedestrian compliance levels. Two different approaches are taken for simulating pedestrian behavior in VISSIM, with and without interactions between pedestrians. In addition, various methods are included for modeling pedestrian compliance with signal instructions, by assuming in one case that 80% of pedestrians continue to cross for a limited time after a red signal is shown. Data is generated for travel times, travel distances, delay and the number of stops. Results are presented with a discussion on the suitability of the various pedestrian crossing approaches, based on the measures of effectiveness calculated from the simulations.

INTRODUCTION

Solutions that enable pedestrians to safely cross at junctions have long sought to balance the need for maintaining traffic flows while protecting the pedestrian. Normally, the delay that pedestrians face is not considered in the selection of crossing technologies. Finding ways to reduce pedestrian delay and to make environments safer for pedestrians are seen as a means to encourage increased walk ability in cities.

This paper seeks to examine a variety of signalized pedestrian crossing technologies and examine various measures of effectiveness primarily from the

perspective of the pedestrian. Specifically, the average delay and total travel time, and the mean number of stops facing pedestrians are examined. Similar measures are also calculated for cars. Four different types of pedestrian crossing technologies are examined and compared: scrambled, staggered, crossing with exclusive (but not scrambled) pedestrian phase and crossing with the pedestrian phase parallel to the vehicle phase.

The VISSIM micro-simulation package is used for this analysis and the impact of different assumptions on pedestrian behavior are analyzed. Specifically, we simulate scenarios where VISSIM allows for no interactions between pedestrians and compare these to scenarios with interactions between pedestrians (following the logic of the car-following model). We also make various assumptions on the level of compliance with signal instructions on the part of pedestrians and further compare the results across both signal technologies and simulation scenario.

The next section reviews the various signal technologies that are analyzed and identifies previous work in this area. We then explain the simulation method used and the detailed assumptions used in our scenarios. This is followed by a discussion of results and conclusions.

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING AND SIGNAL TECHNOLOGIES Scrambled crossings have not been widely adopted. One of the main concerns regarding their use is that they are difficult to synchronize with adjacent signals in a coordination plan and will increase vehicle and pedestrian delay as long signal cycles are required. However, Abrams and Smith, analyzing a hypothetical junction with Scrambled and parallel pedestrian phasing, found that vehicular delay in through lanes increased and pedestrian delay increased to over 200% for Scrambled phase crossings compared to Parallel pedestrian phase crossings .

The most important benefit of scrambled crossings and crossings with an exclusive pedestrian phase is that they provide a safety benefit as all conflicts between vehicular movements and pedestrians are eliminated. Locations with a separate