笔译理论复习资料.docx

笔译理论课参考资料

I.Write definitions of the following terms.

1.Accuracy （准确）一A term used in translation evaluation to refer to the extent to which a translation matches its original.

2.Adaptation （改编）一A term traditionally used to refer to any target text in which a particularly free translation strategy has been adopted. The term usually implies that considerable changes have been made in order to make the text more suitable for a specific audience or for the particular purpose behind the translation.

3.Agent （经纟己人）一A term used to refer to the person who is "in an intermediary position between a translator and an end user of a translation55.

4.Autotranslation （自译）一A term used to refer to the translation of an original work into another language by the author him-/her/self.

5.Back-translation （回译）一A term used to refer to a process in which a text which has been translated into a given language is retranslated into the source text.

6.Caique （仿造；彳昔译）一A term used to denote the process whereby the individual elements of an source language item are translated literally to produce a target language equivalent.

7.Close translation （贝占近翻译）一A term used to refer to translation strategies which favor exact con^espondence between the source language and target language linguistic units over an emphasis on conveying the overall meaning or spirit of the source text.

mission （委托）-A termed used to refer to the specifications which the translator works with when producing a target text.

municative translation （交际翻译；传意翻译）一 a term used to refer to any approach which views translation as a "communicative process which takes place within

a social context”.

10.Correspondence （对应）一 A term used to refer to the relationship which exists between elements of source language and target language in some way considered to be counterparts of each other.

11.Cultural boiTowing （文化借用）一 A term used to describe the type of cultural transposition in which an source language expression is transferred verbatim into the target language because it is not possible to translate it by a suitable target language equivalent.

12.Cultural substitution （文化替换）一A term used to refer to the use of a real world referent from the receptor culture for an unknown referent of the original, both of the referents having the same function.

13.Direct translation （直接翻译）一 a term used to refer to the type of translation procedure in which a TT is produced directly from the original ST, rather than via another, intermediate translation in another language.

14.Documentary translation （文献型翻译）-A term used to refer to the translation which serves as “a document of [a source culture] communication between the author and the source text recipient^. Thus in this type of translation the target text recipient becomes a mere observer of a “past communi cative action", as the source text （or possibly only certain aspects of the source text）is reproduced without any attempt to make adjustments in the light of the target contexts. WORD-FOR-WORD and other types of LITERARL translation, as well as "exoticising translation^ which tries to preserve the "local color，，of the source text, are all examples of documentary translation; what all such types of translation have in common is that they focus on certain aspects or features of the source text, while ignoring others.

15.Domesticating translation （归化翻译；归化）一A term used to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for the target language readers.

16.Dynamic equivalence （动态刘•等）一 A term used to refer to the quality of translation which characterizes a translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors.

17.Equivalence （刘•等）-A term used to describe the nature and the extent of the relationships which exist between source language and target language texts or smaller linguistic units.

18.Faithfulness （忠实）一A term used to refer to the extent to which a target text can be considered a fair correspondence of source text according to some criterion.

19.Fidelity （忠实）-A term used to refer to the extent to which a target text can be considered a fair correspondence of source text according to some criterion.

20.Foreignizing translation （异化翻译；异化）-A term used to refer to the type of translation in which a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original.

21.Formal equivalence （形式对等）一A term used to refer to the quality of a translation in which the features of the form of the source text have been mechanically reproduced