专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从 句中动词用虚拟形式：


advisable, best, better, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent, vital... advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, surprised...
真题举例：



1. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to quit and find a job to support his family. A. had had B. has C. had D. would have [C] 2. _____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had [C]
从 句(subordinate clause) were (不分人 称)/did
与过去事实相反
would/情态动词 过去式+have done had done
与将来事实相反
would/情态动词 过去式+do
should do / were to do



eg. If I were you, I would not go there. If I had time, I would do it again. If I had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station. If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correct conclusion.




(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间 条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
1. 虚拟条件句

1. 形式
虚拟条件句包括与现在事实相反的虚拟条 件句和与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，以 及将来实现可能性很小或根本不可能实现 的虚拟条件句。
主 句(principal clause) 与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 Contrary to what is (Model Verbs)过去 式+do now


3. 虚拟条件句的倒装 如果条件状语从句中含有were, had, did, could, should等助动词，可以采用颠倒到主、 谓词序的手段来表示假设条件从句，连接 词if不再出现。 eg. Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth. Had the management acted soon, the strike wouldn’t have happened.

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3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been [B] 4. _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not [A]





5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were [A] 6. I was to have made a speech if _____. A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away [C]


(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were +不定式完成式或 had intended / meant / planned / hoped / wished +不定式一 般式暗示虚拟语气。 如：I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time. (4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如： I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.




The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice. It is best that workers have a pleasant place to relax. It is desirable that the meeting be held as soon as possible.

2. 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是 由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含 蓄条件句。




eg. A more careful student wouldn’t have made such glaring mistakes. With his aid you would have succeeded in it. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. She must have been ill, otherwise she would have come to school.
虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood)




语气及其种类 语气是动词的一种变化形式，表达说话人 对所述内容的看法与态度。语气有三种： （1）陈述语气 (indicative mood) 陈述语气用来表示一般叙述，可表示肯定、 否定和疑问。 eg. Matter expands when it is heated. What do you want?




eg. I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake. She demanded that we attack at once. The job would require that he be at the factory at 7 o’clock every morning.
2.名词性从句的虚拟形式


从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表 示虚拟。 (1)下列表示建议、提议、命令、惊奇、 不满等动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的 动词用虚拟形式：
advise, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, vote...



（2）祈使语气 (imperative mood) 祈使语气用来表示请求、命令和劝告等。 eg. Don’t be late. Be quiet! Let’s have a break.



（3）虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气是一组特别的动词形式，用来表 示要求、建议、命令、意愿和假设等。 eg. If there were no air, all living things would die. It is vital that she be warned before it is too late.
真题举例：



1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there. A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t be [C] 2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer. A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need [B]
真题举例：





1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _____ much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get [D] 2. _____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand ? A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised [A]

(2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：



But for your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.（94年） The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would have been in time. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say? Without your timely help, my daughter would have drowned.