局解课件总结

脊柱区

Muscles of Back

Superficial group

–Trapezius 斜方肌

–Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌

–Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌

–Rhomboideus 菱形肌

Deep group

–Splenius 夹肌

–Erector spinae 竖脊肌

Triangle of auscultation 听诊三角(肩胛旁三角)Boundaries

•Latissimus dorsi

•Trapezius

•The medial border of the

scapula

Inferior lumbar triangle 腰下三角

–Boundaries

•Lower part of the lateral

margin of latissimus dorsi

•Posterior free border of

the obliquus externus

abdominis

•Iliac crest

Superior lumbar triangle腰上三角

–Boundaries

•Serratus posterior inferior

•Erector spinae

•Obliquus internus

abdomins

上肢

Cephalic vein 头静脉

•Arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous rete on the back of hand

•Winds around the lateral border of the forearm; it then ascends into the cubital fossa

and up the front of the arm on the lateral side

of the biceps.

•It continues up in the deltopectoral groove and then to the infraclavicular fossa, where it

pierces clavipectoral fascia to drain into

axillary vein.

Basilic vein 贵要静脉

•Arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous rete of hand

•Winds around the medial border of the forearm

•Then ascends into the cubital fossa and up the front of the arm on the medial side of the

biceps to middle of the arm where it pierces

the deep fascia and joins the brachial vein or

axillary vein

Median cubital vein 肘正中静脉

•Links cephalic vein and basilic vein in the cubital fossa

•It is a frequent site for venipuncture to remove a sample of blood or add fluid to the

blood

Axillary fossa 腋窝

Boundaries

•Apex

–Middle 1/3 of clavicle

–Lateral border of first rib

–Upper border of the scapula

•Base

–Skin

–Superficial fascia

–Axillary fascia 腋筋膜(cribriform

fascia 筛状筋膜)

•The medial wall

–Serratus anterior

–Upper four ribs and intercostal

spaces

•The lateral wall

–Intertubercular groove

–Long head and short head of biceps

brachii

–Coracobrachialis

•The anterior wall

–Pectoralis major

–Pectoralis minor

–Subclavius

–Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜•The posterior wall

–Subscapularis

–Teres major

–Latissimus dorsi

–Scapula

Contents

•Axillary a. and principal branches

•Axillary v. and tributaries

•Brachial plexus and branches

•Axillary lymph nodes

•Loose connective tissue

Trilateral foramen 三边孔

(trilateral space 三边隙)

•Boundaries

–Superior: teres minor

subscapularis

lateral border of scapula,

articular capsule of shoulder joint

–Inferior: teres major

–Lateral: long head of triceps

brachii

•Structures pass through the trilateral foramen

–Circumflex scapular a. and v. Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔(quadrilateral space 四边隙)

•Boundaries

–Superior: teres minor

subscapularis

articular capsule of shoulder joint

–Inferior: teres major

–Medial: long head of triceps

brachii

–Lateral: surgical neck of humerus •Structures pass through the quadrilateral foramen

–Axillary n.

–Posterior humeral circumflex a.

and v.

Axillary artery

•Begins at the at lateral border of first rib as a continuation of subclavian artery

•At the lower border of teres major it becomes the brachial artery.

•Divided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minor Branches

•First part

–superior thoracic a.

–thoracoacromial a.

•Second part

–lateral thoracic a.

•Third part

–subscapular a.

•throcodorsal a.

•circumflex scapular a.

–anterior humeral circumflex a.

–posterior humeral circumflex a. Brachial artery 肱动脉

–Begins at the lower border of the

teres major as a continuation of

axillary artery

–Terminates opposite the neck of

radius by dividing into radial and

ulnar arteries

Branches

•Deep brachial a. 肱深动脉

–Follows the radial

nerve into the spinal

groove of the

humerus

•Superior ulnar collaeral a.

尺侧上副动脉

–follows the ulnar

nerve

•Inferior ulnar collateral a.尺

侧下副动脉

–Takes part in the

anastomosis around

the elbow joint.

Median nerve 正中神经

–Origin

•Arises from the medial and

lateral cord of the brachial

plexus

–Course

•Descends on the lateral side

of brachial artery

•Halfway down the arm, it

crosses the brachial artery to