致水鸟赏析
一幅美轮美奂的自然画卷——论《致水鸟》的意境美
一幅美轮美奂的自然画卷——论《致水鸟》的意境美刘美荣(挂臻基擎瘛走学跨语部)接要：布莱悬耱懿<致水鸟》(ToA W at er f ow l)霹为簸1及了舜歌軎蠹荧学本震赫成为文学史上脍炙人盛秘佳律。
谈诗通过描写自然的山水花鸟，讴歌大自然的精神启示。
满腔热情地歌颂美因的生活现实，表现乐观向上的精神面貌。
关焦溺：意境；鸯煞；人生一、布莱恩特与《致水鸟)与觐费罗著称先。
炉边诗人”豹威廉卡稔布莱愚特(W i l l i a m C ul hn B ryant)是美国第一个浪漫主义诗人．也是“美国最早获得圉际声誉的诗人”。
他攘长描绘大自然的景色．认为自然的美始使人扁善。
人们常把他厨英国诗人华兹华斯捆毙。
毒菜爨特身上赛一种美蕃磊寒瓣郄使是纬穴戆诗太身上也少有的宁静的气质和商贵的想象力。
作家爱默生曾赞他为“本乡本土的、诚挚的、独创的爱国诗人”。
1821年，他的第一部《诗选》瓣世，其孛包錾《致瘩鸟》、《黄色豹慧番葱》、《撵转入口处题簿》等。
布莱憨特诗作中璺现出来的自然景色，完全是美霪式的，他敬矮当地常见的水鸟和孵花，覆且邋过它们歌颂入与入之阕瓣翻谐，爱瑷了乐鬣向上鹩时代精粹。
绝获大自然中寻求艺术创作的灵感．其实也是农关注人世苍生．关注新世界前途未b的命运。
既是以探索大幽然的方式撩索人生存豹零曩，也是骏探索掺帮豹巍然整雾来瑗鳃天瓣蠹§整秀。
尽管都是在借物宵志．但是掰中国传统诲歌凝神静观的艺术含蓄相比，布莱恩特描写大自然的诗歌中．星现着抒情主人公黪瓣唆身影。
强烈体现7夔国诗歌以麓孬方诗歌的特色。
《致永鸟》一诗完夔体现了这种特色。
嚣、《致水鸟>的自然意境美意境作为一种艺术境界．是由主观思想情感和客观景物嚣壤交融两疲意蕴或形象。
它的特蠢是情聚交聚．如诲妇垂'壹实结合。
意蕴丰富，启动欣赏者的不尽联想和想象，具有超越具体形象的深广的艺术空间。
意境美是艺术家的审美意识对现实美耱戆囊反浚糇创造。
《致水鸟》的意境美 The Beauty of Artistic Conception in To a Waterfowl
The Beauty of Artistic Conception in To a WaterfowlPoetry is the precious wealth of people’s spiritual world. Poetry often reflects real life and express people’s thoughts and feelings through rhythmic language with strong emotion and rich imagination. Some poems bring readers important spiritual enlightenment by the descriptions of nature. Reading such poems is a kind of “bathing the soul”. William Cullen Bryant’s To a Waterfowl is such a typical example. This paper aims at analyzing the beauty of artistic conception in To a Waterfowl and the spiritual enlightenment brought by this poem.I. Bryant and To a WaterfowlWilliam Cullen Bryant is the first Romantic poet in American literature, known as “Fireside Poets” along with Longfellow. He is good at depicting natural scenes and believes the beauty of nature can guide people perform goodness. The peaceful qualities and noble imagination of Bryant are not easy to found among other great American poets. Emerson once complimented him as a “ native sincere, original and patriotic poet”.In Bryant’s poems, he usually praised the harmony between people and the spirit of optimism by praising the local common waterfowl and wildflowers. He searched for both the artistic inspiration and people’s inner world from nature and was essentially concerned about human’s uncertain fate. To a Waterfowl perfectly reflects this feature.II. The Beauty of Artistic Conception in To a WaterfowlTo a Waterfowl was evaluated as “ the poem with the most succinct and perfect language” by Matthew Arnold, a famous English poet and critic. This poem could be regarded as the pinnacle of Bryant’s poetry. It was written in the winter in 1815. It is said that Bryant was once extremely sad and desperate during a journey and didn’t know his direction in this boundless world. At this time, he watched high above in the sky and found a waterfowl flying “through their rosy depths”, which suddenly madehim physically and mentally relaxed and cleared all his anxiety. He realized that everything in nature are protected by Gods and Gods would guide each of their paces.In the first stanza of the poem, the poet depicted the background of a waterfowl’s solitary fly: nightfall, sunset and the “rosy depths” of sky. He used “falling dew” and “last steps of day” to explaining the time, and used “far” and “depths” to implying the expanse of the space, which formed a very strong contrast with the “weak” image of the waterfowl.In the second stanza, the poet portrayed the waterfowl with the steadfast characteristics: the fowler was trying to figure out the waterfowl’s flight path and catch it, but his strives were all in vain. This is a contrast between human and nature: human are powerless in front of nature; even though human has more wisdom, he can’t defeat the power of a solitary waterfowl.In the third and forth stanzas, the poet described how the waterfowl arrived at its destination. Everything is so natural, as if there was a mysterious power acting as the waterfowl’s guider whether it is in the invisible coast or in the endless sky; it would not be lost even though it flied alone. Bryant didn’t point out what the “power”exactly was; maybe in young Bryant’s eyes, the “power” had no specific image, and it was just a guider somewhere.From the fifth stanza on, the symbolism of the poem becomes apparent. Although “the dark night is near” and ”all day thy wings have fanned”, the waterfowl was not willing to stop in the “welcome land”. What’s the real meaning of the “welcome land” here? Does it mean the end of its journey or the end of its life? Does the “dark night” mean the real night or the time when life stops? The answers are in readers’ mind.And in the sixth stanza, the poet went on using the symbolism to express his ideas. “That toil shall end” and the waterfowl shall finally “find a summer home, and rest”, but at this time, the “reeds shall bend” over its “sheltered nest”. So the “rest” in the poem does not only mean the usual rest; it means that the waterfowl finally died after its long and arduous travel.In the seventh and eighth stanza, the poet expressed his emotion and sentiment.He learned a “lesson” from the waterfowl and become firm. The power of nature is so formidable, and even the brave waterfowl can’t escape from it. So why not listen to the guide of the nature or Gods?III. ConclusionTo a Waterfowl describes how the poet deeply thought about his future and finally got rid of his hesitation. In To a Waterfowl, Bryant used “waterfowl”as a symbol, and endue the “waterfowl”with his complexed experiences. Human, like other creatures, would thank to the protection and guide of the Heaven. They may suffered from tough struggles, sorrows and hesitation, but after their hard fight, they would finally get a bright future.。
1.To_a_Waterfowl 致水鸟
William Cullen Bryant
1794-1878 The American Wordsworth
To a Waterfowl
• “ The most perfect brief poem in the language” ，called by Matthew Arnold. • “America's first flawless poem”, described by Richard Wilbur.
To a Waterfowl By William Cullen Bryant
• Whither, 'midst falling dew, While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue Thy solitary way? Vainly the fowler's eye Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong, As, darkly painted on the crimson sky, Thy figure floats along. Seek'st thou the plashy brink Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide, Or where the rocking billows rise and sink On the chafed ocean side? There is a Power whose care Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,-The desert and illimitable air,-Lone wandering, but not lost.
致水鸟的读后感
《致水鸟》是一本令人感动的小说，它讲述了一个关于爱和自由的故事。
小说的主人公是一只名叫库尔图的天鹅，它在一个美丽的湖泊中生活着，享受着自由自在的生活。
然而，库尔图的生活并不平静，因为它对自由的渴望让它不断地寻找机会去探索更远的地方。
在它的旅途中，它遇到了一只名叫阿吉的鹤，阿吉教会了库尔图很多关于自由和爱的道理。
在阿吉的帮助下，库尔图最终实现了它的梦想，掌握了飞行的技能，获得了真正的自由。
这本小说让人感动的地方在于它描绘了一个关于自由和爱的美丽故事。
库尔图对自由的追求代表了每个人对自由的渴望，而阿吉则代表了那些在我们生命中帮助我们实现梦想的人。
通过这个故事，我们可以明白，自由和爱是人类生命中最重要的东西之一，而我们应该尽最大的努力去实现自己的梦想，并且同时也要关心和帮助其他人。
2018-2019-致水鸟的赏析-word范文 (9页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==致水鸟的赏析篇一：《致水鸟》解读与赏析201X201X58 201X级3班郭建英Analysis of To a WaterfowlAt the very beginning, the author describes a beautiful scene that a waterfowl flies lonely, which creates a sad and silent atomsphere. From the words “far” and ”depths”, we can imagine that there exists a extensive space where is full of upset notes. Meanwhile, the description for the waterfowl makes a strong contrast with this background.While in the second stanza, the poet potrays the waterfowl as a firm image. The hunters can’t finish the task though they have spared no efforts to catch it. To some degree, we can find a contrast between human beings and the nature. At the face of nature, human beings are so small that they cannot change the nature anyway though they have created advanced tecnology and developed devices. The hamony between people and nature is the final and the basic aim. So, we can see, the author appreciates the lonely waterfowl very much because it cannot be changed by others easily.From the next two stanzas, they are full of mysterious atmosphere, and especially there is a “Power” guides it. Though the waterfowlis lonely, it isn’t lost. We can imagine that “Power” maybe represents God or other myterious power. Why the power help the waterfowl? In my imagine, owing to the waterfowl’s hard working,the power are inclined to do favor to it.From the fifth stanza, we can find the symbolic clues, the author don’t hope the waterfowl falls in the weary land. What is it and how about “dark night”? Are there any deep meaning?In my opinion, the waterfowl is the reflection of the author’s problems, and his main idea is to find the enlightenment of solving the problems. And the waterfowl’s struggling is the portrayal of the author’s getting rid of confusion. In other words, To Waterfowl is a vivid showing for the religious belief. After careful reading, the God is still here, he finds his definite aim in his mind. Gradually, the waterfowl and author are all enligtened by the God.The author uses the special device to render moral rules, which is that human beings are just like other creatures who will be protected and favored. It is possible that there are many obstacles on your road and even you are in dilema, but if you never give up, you may find the promissing future.At that time, though American religious movement as one falls another rises. It is evitable that the traditional belief descreases, in other words, the way of believing has changed a lot. This work isjust like a shadow of second religious reform. What he has expressed in the poet is a kind of alusia of belief. He tries his best torecall the God here, and let God remove the alusia.Recall the confidence for life by recalling belief.However, in today’s society, it is really difficult to recall people’s believes. There is a kind of satire in his tone. Maybe itis just a dream. But the author still wants to stay in the dream.篇二：赏析致水鸟10级一班侯玲玲 1004130157Analysis of To a WaterfowlThe writer of To a Waterfowl is William Cullen Bryant. The poem was published in 1815, and it is one of his master works.William Cullen Bryant is the first American romantic poet, in the 1820’s he was famous for describing the natural scenery lyrics, known as “American’s Wordsworth”. At the same time, he merits a reputation as one of the great editors of American journalism. He supported such causes as free speech, free trade, and the abolition of slavery.The creation of his poem was influenced by British romantic poetry. As a follower of Wordsworth，he injected bright moral emotion and he argued that a poet should hold a sensitive heart to seek impliedmeaning of nature. This poem is the reflection of his distinctive style.There are eight stanzas in total. Bryant regards a kind of commonbird in North America as the lyrical object. It’s a typical work of expressing emotions through describing concrete objects. In the first three stanzas of the poem, writer’s eyes chased on the flying waterfowl and at the bottom of his heart, he also pursued the destination of the waterfowl. Sunset, falling dew, the rosy clouds, a waterfowl flying over the empty world, don’t know where to go. Though there may exist hidden danger during the lonely flight, waterfowl protected themselves by flying wing. In the poet, it is obviously that the darkly seen is pun. The difficulty ofdistinguishing the form is just the outside, but deep inside, the fundamental is the destination in their heart. If we expand the meaning to the poet himself, it is his confusion and puzzlement in life; no one could offer him a clear direction for him. He didn’t stop, he wants to go further and find the answer. So in the latter half of the poem, waterfowl’s flying become strong and powerful, a warm home is waiting there. He believes that all of these come from power. For his own future, he will no longer worried, god cares for all creatures.篇三：致水鸟To a Waterfowlby William Cullen Bryant （1974-1878）Whither, 'midst falling dew,While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursueThy solitary way?Vainly the fowler's eyeMight mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,Thy figure floats along.。
致水鸟赏析
Read the story “The Idealist”written by Frank O’Connor (taken form Book 3 of 《现代大学英语：阅读》and answer the following questions:I. Answer the following questions with no more than five words for each of them, and words from the text are necessary.1. The 3rd paragraph on says “They never told lies and wouldn’t talk to anyone who did”. Some word or words are omitted after “who did”. What is omitted (5 points)2. The 1st paragraph on p. 357 near the top says “It was surprising in such good schools, with fathers who never gave less than five quid, the number ofthieves there were”. Some word or words are omitted after “there were”. What is omitted (5 points)3. The last line of says “The Murderer would never know whether you were or not”. Some word or words are omitted after “you were or not”. What is omitted (5 points)4. The middle paragraph that begins with “This time it was a tougherjob”says “if only I could keep my head I should provide a model for the whole class.”What kind of model (5 points)5. The phrases “the invisible presences”occurred many times in the story. Who or what does this phrase refer to (5 points)6. The top paragraph on says “I had escaped for a few moments into my deream-world I nwhch fathers never gave less than fivers…”. What does the word “fivers”mean (5 points)II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, and your translation must fit into the story they are taken from. Translation without referring to the story itself results in 0 point.7. This was a very queer subject to start a row about. (5 points, above the middle)8. Spillane ordered him away contemptuously—a fellow who had taken the master’s cane to another had no status. (5 points, below the middle)9. Compared with the laughter the slaps were nothing, and because, I had the example of the invisible presence to sustain me. (5 points, below the middle)10. I returned to my desk slowly and quietly without sniveling or squeezing my hands, and the Murderer look after me. (5 points, below the middle)III. Answer the following questions by taking the whole story into consideration.You should put your answer on the underside if written by hand. Try to find about the author and his nationality and his feeling towards . before doing thefollowing questions.11. At the beginning of the story, the narrator mentions, “The schools were English”. What does this mean Throughout the whole story, what does the narrator of the story find about these schools and our school (20 points)12. The words like “lie”and “thief”appear many times in the story. What do you think is the author’s implication (15 points)13. The narrator often lies to his teacher that he was at Mass when he is late, and the teacher will not punish him. Yet when he doesn’t lie, he is punished. What does the author suggest (15 points)。
美国文学文化常识略记(英汉对应)
四、Walt Whitman惠特曼 创造了自由诗体（Free verse）
The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》
三、William Faulkner威廉福克纳
Absalom,Absalom!《押沙龙，押沙龙！》
The sound and the Fury《喧哗与骚动》
The light in August《八月之光》
As I Lay Dying《我弥留之际》
二、William Carlos Williams威廉姆斯
Pterson 《佩特森》
Red Wheelbarrow《红色手推车》
The Widow's Lament in Spring Time《寡妇的春怨》
三、T.S.Eliot
The Waste Land《荒原》标志现代主义
The love song of J.Alfred Prufrock《普洛夫洛克的情歌》
自然主义
四、Stephen Crane斯蒂文 克瑞恩（第一位美国自然主义者）
Maggie:A Girl of Streets《梅吉街头女郎》
The Red Badage of Courage《红色应用勋章》
五、Frank Norris弗兰克诺里斯
The Epic of the Wheat:The Octopus,The Pit,The Wolf《小麦三部曲》
《致水鸟》解读与赏析.doc
《致水鸟》解读与赏析.doc《致水鸟》是鲁迅先生所写的一篇具有深刻内涵的散文，涉及到的主题与内涵是非常的深刻，赚得了广大读者的高度关注。
下面我们来详细解读赏析一下这篇文章。
首先，我们需要了解这篇文章所涉及到的主要内容和思想内涵。
这篇文章其实是鲁迅先生对生活状态的深刻反思，是他对于人们当前生活状态以及文化的仔细剖析。
文章中带有深厚的哲学思考，主要讲述了一个致水鸟的写作过程，通过对于水鸟的观察和思考，鲁迅先生展现了一种对于生活和自我认知的深刻反思。
在这篇文章中，鲁迅以极其保留和朴素的笔调来呈现出他对性格缪劣、浮躁、无知人类的一种指责，揭示出这种状态背后潜藏的种种积极的人性力量。
其次，在文章的整体结构上，鲁迅先生并不像大部分的文章那样遵循着传统的结构方式，而是采用了一种高度自由的方式进行写作。
文章中引用的“水鸟”也既可以是指具体的鸟类，也可以是指一种状态，是一种内心的状态。
这种方式可以将鲁迅先生的思想更加深刻、丰富地呈现出来。
同时，这种方式也让文章的体现更加到位、生动，使得人们更加容易理解和接受鲁迅思想的内涵。
最后，我们需要了解的是这篇文章所呈现的深层次的思考和思想内涵。
在这篇文章中，鲁迅先生所呈现的是一种对于人生的深刻思考，他认为人在追求生存和发展的过程中往往却忽略了内在的精神追求。
他渴望现代文化可以回归到一种自然而简朴的状态，让人类重新拥有一种真正的灵魂信仰和追求。
这份向内的精神性的探求是纵贯整篇文章的主旨。
总的来说，《致水鸟》是鲁迅先生思想深刻的代表之一，他的文学思想和社会思想都为我们当今社会的进步和发展贡献了巨大的影响。
这篇文章的阐述也让我们对鲁迅先生的思想有了更深的认识和理解，并引导我们思考人类前进的道路和方向，提升我们的精神追求和信仰。
从布莱恩特名诗《致水鸟》看美国早期浪漫主义诗歌的韵律特点
廉・ 柯伦 ・ 布莱 恩特（ ｌａ Ｃ Ｂｙｎ， ９ 一 ８ ８ 是美 国 Ｗｉｉ ｌｍ ． ｒ ｔ ７ ４ ｌ７ ） ａ １
早 期 浪 漫 主 义者 的 突 出代 表 。是 首 位 获 得 欧 洲 文 坛 承 认 的 美 国本 土 诗 人 。 爱 默 生 称 为 “ 乡 本 土 的 、 挚 的 、 被 本 诚 独
李凤 东
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要 ： 漫 主 义 时期 （８ 纪 末— — 一 个 重要 阶段 。 漫 主 义 诗 歌 是表 达 是 浪
这 个 时 代 风 貌 最恰 当的 一 种 文 学 体 裁 。 廉 ・ 伦 ・ 莱 恩特 是 美 国早 期 浪 漫 主 义诗 人 的典 型代 表 ， 对 美 国浪 漫 威 柯 布 他 主 义 时期很 多诗 人 都 产 生 了重 要 的 影 响 。 代 表 作 《 水 乌 》 了解 美 国早 期 浪 漫 主 义诗 歌 韵 律 特 点 的典 型作 品 。 其 致 是
韵 律 单 位 是 音 步 。每个 音 步 是 由两 个 或 三个 音 节 组 成 的 ， 其 中至 少 有 一 个 音 步 是重 读 的 。 这 个 重 读 音 节 是 整 个 音
步的中心。
漫 主义 和新 英 格 兰保 守 派 的宗 教 观 点融 合 到 了一 起 ， 诗 其 作 总是 折 射 出 浓 烈 的宗 教 自由主 义 和神 秘 主 义 色 彩 ， 往 往 通 过 对 外 部 自然 世 界 的 探 索 来 对 人 生 的 意 义 与 本 质 进 行 严 肃 的思 考 。 风朴 素 淡 雅 、 诗 庄严 肃 然 。 布莱 恩 特脍 炙 人 口的 名 诗 《 致水 鸟 》 曾被 英 国 评 论 家 马修 ・ 阿诺 德 赞誉 为 “ 英 语 写 就 的 最 完 美 的 短 诗 ” 是 了 用 ， 解 美 国早 期 浪 漫 主义 诗 歌 韵 律 特 点 的一 个 很 好 的 范 本 。
北信科大美国文学复习资料
一．殖民地时期（约1607-1765）（清教主义思想）Tips：1.1607年约翰史密斯船长带领第一批移民在北美大陆建立第一个英国殖民地。
当时宗教领袖和殖民地区领导人如布雷福德（William Bradford,1590-1657）等人的书籍多半关于讲经布道等有关神学的材料或日记。
有些介绍新大陆的风景和日常生活2. 史密斯船长（Captain John Smith）为英国在北美建立第一个殖民地起重要作用3. 安妮布雷特兹里特（Anne Bradstreet）------第十个缪斯，北美第一位女诗人二．启蒙时期和独立战争时期（1765-18世界末）1. 启蒙运动代表人物：富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）.Self bused /天助自助者。
他著作有《格言历书》（poor Richard’s Almance）,他的《自传》（autobiography）开启了传记文学先河。
富兰克林还是American dream 的代言人。
2. Thomas Paine著有《常识》commen sense 和American crisis三．浪漫主义时期（1800-1865）1. 早期浪漫主义作家：欧文（Washington Irving）和库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）2. 欧文著有：the sketch book,开创美国短篇小说传统。
《睡谷传说》the legend of sleeping hollow 和Rip Van Winkle3. 库柏主要写长篇小说：历史小说historical、冒险小说adventure、边疆小说frontier ，边疆小说有《皮袜子故事》the leather stocking tales4. 布莱恩特Bryant : 《致水鸟》to a waterfowl、《黄色的堇香花》the yellow violet5: 超验主义transcendentalism：崇尚直觉，反对理性和权威，强调人有能力凭直觉认识真理6. 爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson是超验主义奠基人，创办杂志《日晷》the dial ，创作有《论自然》the nature 、《论独立》self reliance7. 梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）：瓦尔登湖Walden 、论公民的不服从civil disobedience8. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 朗费罗：海华沙之歌the song of Hiawatha9. Walt Whitman 惠特曼：free verse 自由主义诗诗人，著有O！Captain, my Captain10. Emily Dickinson 狄金森11. 霍桑Nathaniel Hwathorne 不赞成超验主义，他对社会改革、生产发展和科学进步也表示疑虑和不安，反对清教主义对人的压迫12：霍桑：the minister’s black veil、young good man Brown、the Birthmark 、Rappaccini’s Daughter13. 梅尔维尔Herman Melville: 《白鲸》Mobby Dick14. Edgar Allan poe : the Raven 《乌鸦》、the fall of the house of usher、murders in the Rue Morgue、the Purloined letter、the poetic principle、the philosophy of composition15. 斯托夫人：《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Uncle Tom’s Cabin四．现实主义（1865-1918）1. 朱厄特Jewett: 尖从树之乡the country of pointed Firs2. Bret Harte: The lucky of Roaring Camp3. Mark Twain: 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》the man that corrupted Hadleyburd、《跳蛙》the celebratedJumping Frog of Calaveras Country他的作品特点是local colorist / collocual language (本土色彩和口头化)4.詹姆斯James: the portrait of a lady’s/the wings of the dove/the ambassadors/ the golden bowl5. Stephen Crane: 商场描写战争，著作有《红色英勇勋章》the red badge of courage6. Jack London: Martin Eden The call of wild7. Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie An American Tragedy五．现代主义时期(the lost generation)1. Ezra Pound庞德：The Cantos Hugh Selwyn Mauberley2.Eugene O’neill: 《天边外》Beyond the Horizon Emperor Jones The hairy Ape3. Edith Whaton: 《快乐之家》the house of Mirth 《天真时代》the age of innocence4. Lewis刘易斯：《大街》Main Street 《巴比特》Babbit5. Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio6. John Steinbeck : (大萧条时期) the grapes of Wrath7. 哈莱姆文化：表现黑人悲惨生活8. 休斯Langston Hughs : “哈莱姆桂冠诗人”9. Richard Wright: Native Son10. Jack Kerouac: <on the road>11. Joseph Heller: 黑色幽默作家，《第二十二条军规》catch-2212. Ralph Ellison: invisible man13. Alice Walker: the color purple14. Toni Morrison: 1993,诺贝尔文学奖，著song of Solomon15. Saul Bellow: Herzog Anderson the Rain King16: Bernard Malamud: The assistant17. J.D Salinger: Catcher in the Rye麦田守望者18. Allen Ginsberg: Howl19. Tennessee Williams: A streetcar Named Desire / All my sons / Cat on a Hot Tin Roof20. Arthur Miller米勒：《推销员之死》Death of a salesman第二部分：简答题相关简答部分复习（北信科2013）1.Nathaniel Hawthorne-----the scarlet letter(chapter 2)Works: twice-told tales / Mosses from an old manIdeas 思想:作品涉及人物：妻子白兰（Hester Prynne）、丈夫齐里沃斯(Chillingworth)、迪姆斯台尔(Dimmesdale)作品情节：妻子和牧师私通后遭到丈夫的一系列调查和报复，最后妻子被印上了字母“A”，代表着私通“adultery”，随着剧情发展，妻子白兰用正直和善良的品格打动了社会，赢得了承认，字母A也变成了angel和able的代表，牧师胸膛上也印了字母A，这明显是用道貌岸然的外表去掩饰他躲避责任带来的内心痛苦。
赏析 致水鸟
10级一班侯玲玲1004130157Analysis of To a WaterfowlThe writer of To a Waterfowl is William Cullen Bryant. The poem was published in 1815, and it is one of his master works.William Cullen Bryant is the first American romantic poet, in the 1820’s he was famous for describing the natural scenery lyrics, known as “American’s Wordsworth”. At the same time, he merits a reputation as one of the great editors of American journalism. He supported such causes as free speech, free trade, and the abolition of slavery.The creation of his poem was influenced by British romantic poetry. As a follower of Wordsworth，he injected bright moral emotion and he argued that a poet should hold a sensitive heart to seek implied meaning of nature. This poem is the reflection of his distinctive style.There are eight stanzas in total. Bryant regards a kind of common bird in North America as the lyrical object. I t’s a typical work of expressing emotions through describing concrete objects. In the first three stanzas of the poem, writer’s eyes chased on the flying waterfowl and at the bottom of his heart, he also pursued the destination of the waterfowl. Sunset, falling dew, the rosy clouds, a waterfowl flying over the empty world, don’t know where to go. Though there may exist hidden danger during the lonely flight, waterfowl protected themselves by flying wing. In the poet, it is obviously that the darkly seen is pun. The difficulty ofdistinguishing the form is just the outside, but deep inside, the fundamental is the destination in their heart. If we expand the meaning to the poet himself, it is his confusion and puzzlement in life; no one could offer him a clear direction for him. He didn’t stop, he wants to go further and find the answer. So in the latter half of the poem, waterfowl’s flying become strong and powerful, a warm home is waiting there. He believes that all of these come from power. For his own future, he will no longer worried, god cares for all creatures.。
《致水鸟》解读与赏析
2012200758 2012级3班郭建英Analysis of To a WaterfowlAt the very beginning, the author describes a beautiful scene that a waterfowl flies lonely, which creates a sad and silent atomsphere. From the words “far”and ”depths”, we can imagine that there exists a extensive space where is full of upset notes. Meanwhile, the description for the waterfowl makes a strong contrast with this background.While in the second stanza, the poet potrays the waterfowl as a firm image. The hunters can’t finish the task though they have spared no efforts to catch it. To some degree, we can find a contrast between human beings and the nature. At the face of nature, human beings are so small that they cannot change the nature anyway though they have created advanced tecnology and developed devices. The hamony between people and nature is the final and the basic aim. So, we can see, the author appreciates the lonely waterfowl very much because it cannot be changed by others easily.From the next two stanzas, they are full of mysterious atmosphere, and especially there is a “Power” guides it. Though the waterfowl is lonely, it isn’t lost. We can imagine that “Power” maybe represents God or other myterious power. Why the power help the waterfowl? In my imagine, owing to the waterfowl’s hard working,the power are inclined to do favor to it.From the fifth stanza, we can find the symbolic clues, the author don’t hope the waterfowl falls in the weary land. W hat is it and how about “dark night”? Are there any deep meaning?In my opinion, the waterfowl is the reflection of the author’s problems, and his main idea is to find the enlightenment of solving the problems. And the waterfowl’s struggling is the portrayal of the author’s getting rid of confusion. In other words, To Waterfowl is a vivid showing for the religious belief. After careful reading, the God is still here, he finds his definite aim in his mind. Gradually, the waterfowl and author are all enligtened by the God.The author uses the special device to render moral rules, which is that human beings are just like other creatures who will be protected and favored. It is possible that there are many obstacles on your road and even you are in dilema, but if you never give up, you may find the promissing future.At that time, though American religious movement as one falls another rises. It is evitable that the traditional belief descreases, in other words, the way of believing has changed a lot. This work is just like a shadow of second religious reform. What he has expressed in the poet is a kind of alusia of belief. He tries his best to recall the God here, and let God remove the alusia.Recall the confidence for life by recalling belief.However, in today’s society, it is really difficult to recall people’s believes. There is a kind of satire in his tone. Maybe it is just a dream. But the author still wants to stay in the dream.。
《致水鸟》解读与赏析说课材料
《致水鸟》解读与赏析精品文档2012200758 2012级3班郭建英Analysis of To a WaterfowlAt the very beginning, the author describes a beautiful scene that a waterfowl flies lonely, which creates a sad and silent atomsphere. From the words “far”and ”depths”, we can imagine that there exists a extensive space where is full of upset notes. Meanwhile, the description for the waterfowl makes a strong contrast with this background.While in the second stanza, the poet potrays the waterfowl as a firm image. The hunters c an’t finish the task though they have spared no efforts to catch it. To some degree, we can find a contrast between human beings and the nature. At the face of nature, human beings are so small that they cannot change the nature anyway though they have created advanced tecnology and developed devices. The hamony between people and nature is the final and the basic aim. So, we can see, the author appreciates the lonely waterfowl very much because it cannot be changed by others easily.From the next two stanzas, they are full of mysterious atmosphere, and especially there is a “Power” guides it. Though the waterfowl is lonely, it isn’t lost. We can imagine that “Power” maybe represents God or other myterious power. Why the power help the waterfowl? In my imag ine, owing to the waterfowl’s hard working,the power are inclined to do favor to it.From the fifth stanza, we can find the symbolic clues, the author don’t hope the waterfowl falls in the weary land. W hat is it and how about “dark night”? Are there any deep meaning?In my opinion, the waterfowl is the reflection of the author’s problems, and his main idea is to find the enlightenment of solving the problems. And the waterfowl’s struggling is the portrayal of the author’s getting rid of confusion. In other words, To Waterfowl is a vivid showing for the religious belief. After careful reading, the God is still here, he finds his definite aim in his mind. Gradually, the waterfowl and author are all enligtened by the God.The author uses the special device to render moral rules, which is that human beings are just like other creatures who will be protected and favored. It is possible that there are many obstacles on your road and even you are in dilema, but if you never give up, you may find the promissing future.At that time, though American religious movement as one falls another rises. It is evitable that the traditional belief descreases, in other words, the way of believing has changed a lot. This work is just like a shadow of second religious reform. What he has expressed in the poet is a kind of alusia of belief. He tries his best to recall the God here, and let God remove the alusia.Recall the confidence for life by recalling belief.However, in today’s society, it is really difficult to recall people’s believes. There is a kind of satire in his tone. Maybe it is just a dream. But the author still wants to stay in the dream.收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。
布莱恩特
09301109 李秋诗威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特的写作特点威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特，是美国浪漫主义初期杰出的诗人。
享有“美国的华兹华斯”的美誉。
1797年，布莱恩特出生于美国马萨诸塞州的卡明顿，父亲是当地的一名医生。
自幼年起，布莱恩特就接受到了良好的教育，十几岁时，便对诗歌创作产生了浓厚的兴趣，并创作了著名的诗作《死之思考》。
19世纪之初的美国文学深受英国浪漫主义思潮的影响，在写作特点上，注重对自然景物的描写和个人情感的抒发。
其中，布莱恩特的诗歌就是典型的代表之一。
他深受华兹华斯的影响，利用景物描写，抒发了对大自然的喜爱之情。
以《致水鸟》为例，诗人借助简洁，凝练的语言，为我们呈现出一幅优美的画作——傍晚时分，当霞光映红了远方的天际，诗人深感前路迷茫，孤独感备至。
就在这时，天空中飞过一只水鸟，于是引发了诗人的思考：“夕阳西下，就连太阳也即将走完它今天的旅程，而孤单的水鸟，你究竟要飞向何方？”片刻后，诗人猜想，一定是有一种神奇的力量，指引着水鸟，纵使路途遥远，只要心中的目标明确，就再也不会感到迷茫。
而此时，诗人不由的将自己的命运与水鸟联系到了一起。
一只小小的水鸟，在面对如此浩瀚的天空，都能勇敢的振翅翱翔，那么更何况是我们人类了呢？因此，诗人的内心收到了极大地震撼和鼓舞，并对人生充满了希望和憧憬。
《致水鸟》一诗中，诗人通过对自然景物的描写，向我们呈现出了大自然景色的绮丽与华美。
同时，诗人借用诗中水鸟的形象，托物言志，揭示出一种不畏艰险，百折不挠的高贵品质，并以此来激励自己，像水鸟一样，即便很渺小，力量很微薄，但只要很努力，就会有希望。
从这首小诗中，不难看出，诗人擅于运用丰富的想象，生动的描写，来表现出自己对大自然的喜爱和赞美之情，同时，通过景、物的品格特征来向读者传达出一种积极乐观的人生态度，富有深刻的人生哲理。
致水鸟诗歌鉴赏
《致水鸟》是一首富有意境的诗歌，下面是这首诗的鉴赏：
致水鸟
水鸟高飞出远方，
振翅腾空双双翔。
羽翼轻盈如梦境，
舞动着生命的祥翔。
湖泊湾流涟漪起，
水中倒映天与地。
水鸟徜徉其中游，
尽情畅享自由意。
飞过湖上浓荫处，
翅膀掠过绿叶间。
鸟儿欢快歌声响，
和谐和韵奏天籁。
春风吹拂水面碧，
水鸟舞动纯净心。
轻盈翩跹如花影，
恣意飞翔在天空。
夏日炎炎阳光烈，
水鸟翻飞在蓝天。
清澈水波泛微笑，
快乐永远在身边。
秋天来临枫叶红，
水鸟齐飞展翅翁。
舞动着落叶飘零，
与大自然共欢融。
冬天寒冷江河冻，
水鸟寻找新的家。
勇敢飞越冰雪山，
守护生命无所怕。
这首诗歌以水鸟为主题，通过描绘水鸟在不同季节和环境中的飞翔和生活情景，表达了自由、欢乐和勇敢的精神。
诗中运用了形象生动的描写手法，将水鸟的飞翔与自然景色融为一体，给人以美好的想象和感受。
诗歌的语言简洁流畅，节奏韵律优美，使人们感受到了大自然的宁静和生命的活力。
这首诗歌向读者传递了积极向上的情感和寓意，鼓励人们像水鸟一样勇敢追求自由，享受生活，无论面临何种困境都能勇往直前。
通过欣赏《致水鸟》，人们可以感受到自然的美丽和生命的力量，从而唤起对自由、快乐和勇敢的向往与追求。
诗歌原文分析
诗歌原文To a Waterfowlby William Cullen BryantWhither, midst falling dew,While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursueThy solitary way?Vainly the fowler's eyeMight mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,As, darkly seen against the crimson sky,Thy figure floats along.Seek'st thou the plashy brinkOf weedy lake, or marge of river wide,Or where the rocking billows rise and sinkOn the chafed ocean-side?There is a Power whose careTeaches thy way along that pathless coastThe desert and illimitable airLone wandering, but not lost.All day thy wings have fanned,At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,Though the dark night is near.And soon that toil shall end;Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend, Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.Thou 'rt gone, the abyss of heavenHath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heartDeeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,And shall not soon depart.He who, from zone to zone,Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight, In the long way that I must tread alone,Will lead my steps aright.2诗歌中文在夕阳残照中间，冒着滴落着的露水，掠过玫瑰色的云端，你独自往哪里飞？[1]猎人休想伤害你，他觉察不到你飞行，你背负紫霭滑得疾，形迹模糊难看清。
致水鸟
Imagery
• 本诗主要以水鸟作为一种意象物，作者 选得非常精巧。换成其他可能出不来这样 的效果，因为水鸟要飞翔于天空，也要贴 近水面，只有它才能在天和地之间有更多 的空间，有更多的经历，才能把自身的复 杂经历浓缩在这小小的水鸟身上。 而且，诗中的意象大都是日常生活中常 见的如“夕阳”“青青的湖畔”“芦苇” 等。
As, darkly seen against the crimson sky
Thy figure floats along
five iambic feet
three iambic feet
Poetic Diction
• Alliteration（押头韵）: While, Whither (lines 1-2); depths, dost (line 3); their, thou, thy (lines 3-4); distant, do, darkly (lines 6-7) metaphor（暗喻）: last steps of day (comparison of the day to a creature that walks). Anaphora（首语重复法）: repetition of soon (lines 21, 22, 24). Anaphora is the repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of word groups occurring one after the other. Examples: (1) Give me wine, give me women and give me song. (2) For everything there is a season . . . a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted.—Bible, Ecclesiastes. Personification（拟人法）: The speaker addresses the waterfowl as if it were a person, saying it has taught a lesson; he also refers to other waterfowls as fellows (line 23). Anastrophe（倒置法）: Like many other poets, Bryant occasionally uses anastrophe—inversion of the normal word order—as in While glow the heavens (line 2) and river wide (line 10).
致水鸟
Ａｎ ｏ ｎ ｔ ｔｔ ｉ ｓ ａｌｅ ｄ ｄ ｓ ｏ ｈａ ｏｌ ｈ ｌ ｎ ，
＾＾＾ ＜＜＾＾＜＜＾＾＾ ＾＜＜＾＾＜＜＜ ＜ ＾＾ ＜＜＾＾＾＾＜ ＜ ＾（＜＾＾（＜ ＜＜ ＾ ＾＾ ＾＾＾＾（＜＜ ＜＜＜＜＜（＜＜＜＾＾Ａ ＾ ＾＾ ＾＾＜＜＾＾＜ ＜＾＾＾
Ｓ ｏ ｈ ｌ ｔ ｏ ｎ ｏ ｎ ｓ ａｔ ｈ ｕ ｆ ｄ ａ ｉ
你 成天 翕动翅 膀 ， 任空气 稀 薄寒冷 ， 飞在 高处 ， 疲乏 中你不 肯 降落舒适 的大地 ， 即使 黑夜 即将 紧闭它 的帷幕 。
你 的 身躯全 被吞没 ， 天 堂深 渊里 ， 你踪影 全无 ； 然 而你 的启迪 深深 留在我 的心底 ， 我将久 久地 ， 久久 地把 它记住 。
ｓ ｙ ｔ ｙｃ ｒａｎ ｆｉ ｈ ， ｋ ｈ ｅ ｉ ｇ ｔ ｔ ｌ Ｉ ｈ ｏ ｇ ｗａ ｈ ｔＩｍ ｕ ｔｔｅ ｄ ａｏ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｅｌ ｎ ｙ ｔ ａ ｓ ｒ ａ ｌ ｎ ， Ｗ ｉ ｅ ｄ ｍ ｙｓｅ ｓａ ｉｈ ． ｌ ｌａ ｔ ｐ ｒｇ ｔ ｌ
在无 路 的海 岸为 你指路 ，
在荒 漠和 无边 的空 际 ，
你孤单 的飘 荡不致 迷途 。
Ａｓ ｄ ｒ ｌ ｅ ｎ ａ ａ ｎ ｔｔ ｅｃ ｉ ｓ ｎ ｓ ｙ ， ａ ｋｙｓ ｅ ｇ ｉ ｓ ｒｍ ｏ ｋ ， ｈ
Ｔ ｙｆｇ ｒ ｏ ｔ ｌ ｎ 。 ｈ ｕ ｅｆ ａ ｓａ ｏ ｇ ｉ ｌ
Ｔ ｙ ｓ ｌ ａ ｙ ｗａ ？ ｈ ｏ ｉ ｒ ｙ ｔ
ｂ ｌ ｗｓｒｓ ｎ ｉｋ ｉ ｏ ｉｅ ａ ｄ ｓｎ ｌ Ｏｎ ｔ ｅ ｃ ｆｄ ｏ ｅ ｎ ｓｄ ？ ｈａ ｅ ｃ ａ －ｉ ｅ ｈ
你是在 寻找 开 阔的大河 之滨 ，
还是 波浪拍 岸 的水草 之湖？ 或者潮 水 冲刷 的海 滩 ， 那 里 的巨浪奔 腾起伏 ？
水鸟艾青诗选鉴赏
水鸟艾青诗选鉴赏诗歌是作者艾青于40年代完成的现代诗作，描写了两只水鸟遭到射杀的场景，突出了水鸟面对射杀的恐惧，以及作者对水鸟的遭遇的同情。
在枪声里，一只水鸟”在惊怖中逃逸了"，“另一只挣扎在受伤的痛苦里。
”面对这样一个题材，如何把它写成一首好诗呢？不同的人可能有不同的思考，也就可能有不同的处置，诗成之后的效果也就会不同。
我们来看艾青是如何来写这首诗的。
前两句是写两只水鸟所处的环境，以及惊飞、受伤的原因。
“两只水鸟浮动在水边/乌篷船里发出了枪声”。
两句诗，干净利落地交待清楚了。
而后，写两只水鸟的不同遭遇：“一只在惊怖中逃逸了/另一只挣扎在受伤的痛苦里”。
两句诗，点明了两种结果。
可以说，这前四句诗是一种铺垫，是为后面的重点刻划作准备Q下面是诗人刻划的重点。
诗人集中笔墨刻划那只受伤的水鸟是如何在痛苦里挣扎的。
“它的翅翼无力地拍着水面/又迷乱地飞了几圈/才慢慢地向上举起/终于朝江岸的岩石/与丛林间飞去……//此刻/它在岩石的隙缝间/用自己的嘴抚自己的创伤/在寂寞的哀鸣里/期待着伴侣的来临”。
写到这里，诗结束了。
在诗中，诗人没有对枪打水鸟事件作出评论，也没有对那只受伤的水鸟表示什么态度，当然，对那只“在惊怖中逃逸了”的水鸟，更没有说什么。
诗人只是写了这么一件事，着重刻划了那只受伤水鸟的痛苦情景。
整首诗，写得非常简明、凝炼，毫无拖泥带水之感。
凝炼，是诗的一项重要要求。
当然，像小说、散文等文学样式，都要求凝炼，但诗的凝炼要求则更高。
从这一点讲，诗是最高的文学样式，可以说，诗是文学中的明珠。
艾青在自己的创作中，对凝炼的要求是很严的。
在他的不少诗作中，都达到了炉火纯青的地步，增一字或减一字，都会伤害原作。
因为艾青对诗的凝炼有深切的理解，可以说，凝炼关系着诗的生命。
我们来听听艾青的见解：“尽可能地紧密与简缩，一一像炸弹用无比坚硬的外壳包住暴躁的炸药。
”（《诗论》）“不要故意铺张，一一像那些没有道德的商人，在一磅牛奶里冲进一磅开水。
美国文学
美国文学1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship 英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者6、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878 The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days 日子-首开自由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862 Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy 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Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom 我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的18、Mark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and thePauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿------乡土文学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia 从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读21、Henry Adams享利·亚当斯1838-1918 History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison(历史著作)；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利·亚当斯的教育22、William James威廉·詹姆斯1842-1910(首提“意识流”理论) Principles of Psychology心理学原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914? 小品集：The Fiend’s Deligh魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil’s Dictionary魔鬼词典(The Applicant申请者)25、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉米1850-1898 Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay’s Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman’s World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄人27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932 The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子(The Sheriff’s Children警长的儿女)(the pioneer of the color line);The Marrow of Tradition一脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940 Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads 大路(The Return of a Private三等兵归来);Rose of Ducher’s Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家子29、O·Henry欧·享利（WilliamSidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937 The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回首往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952 Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being 存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）(Relativity of Knowledge);Three Philosphical Poets三大哲学诗人；Poems(A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲：五十书怀);The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963 Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA 制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950 A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西米连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集(Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克)35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克·诺里斯1870-1902 Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague 麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900 Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar 保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906 We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人，被称为“黑种人的桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate of the Negro Race)40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916 The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-1968 Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧文·白壁德1865-1933（新人文主义主要代表）Literature and the American College文学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典文学教学;The New Laokoon新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative 论创造性43、Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947 O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死44、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德·斯坦因1874-1946 The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传；Tender Button温柔的钮扣45、Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963 A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941 Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么47、Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967 Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机（Fog 雾）;Smoke and Steel烟与钢48、Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955 Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956 Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语言;Happy Days幸福的日子（自传三部曲）;Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁月;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代50、William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring 寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）; The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传51、Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(美国第一个获诺贝尔奖) Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦52、Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972 The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）53、Hilda Doolittle希尔达·杜丽特尔1886-1961 Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems(Dread山精;PearTree;Orchard);The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦（抒情长诗）54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene Oneil尤金·奥尼尔1888-1953 独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉56、Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）;Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories------TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong 千古奇冤（回忆录）57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德·麦克利什1892-1982 Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新发现的大陆;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems1912-1952广播剧：The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭58、Michael Gold迈克尔·戈尔德1894-1967 120 Million一亿二千万;Change The World改变世界;The Hollow Man 空心人;Jews Without Money没在钱的犹太人（自传体小说）戏剧：Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美国无产阶级文学选集（与人合编）59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No，Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米（访苏游记）60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙·威尔逊1895-1972 Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思;Axel’s Castle阿克塞尔的城堡(象征主义批判的圭阜);The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语言协会的成果61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车（游记）62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代) The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace 冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）63、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962 The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers’ Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）64、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆·考利1898- 译作：法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集：Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile’s Return流亡者的回归（研究“迷惘的一代”的专著）;A Second Flowering第二次繁荣(The Other War另一种战争)65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥66、Hart Crane哈特·克兰1899-1932 My Grandfather’s Love Letters祖父的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作;Voyage航海;The Bridge桥（长诗）;White Buildings白色的楼房（首部诗集）67、Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;You Can’t Go Home Again 有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James Langston Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969 Mulatto混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选69、John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966 Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖)70、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940 The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说71、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979 Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根(Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判);Danny O’Neil丹尼·奥尼尔（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯纳德·卡尔（三部曲）短篇小说：Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论：A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记;Literature and Morality文学与道德72、Lillian Hellman丽莲·海尔曼1905-1983 The Children’s Hour孩子们的时光;The Little Foxes小狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻骨的风;The Autumn Garden秋园;Tos in the Attic阁楼里的玩具;The Days to Come未来的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一处回忆录：An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人;Pentimento 旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代73、Clifford Odets克利福德·奥德茨1906-1963 Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树74、Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908-1960 Uncle Tom’s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们;Native Son土生子;Black Boy;黑孩子The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men八人行75、Eudora Welty尤多拉·韦尔蒂1906- 短篇小说：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories大网和其他故事;The Golden Apples金苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘长篇小说：The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的心;The Losing Battles失败的战斗;The Optismist’s Daughter乐观者的女儿76、Valdimir Nabokov弗·纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖77、Anais Nin安娜伊思·宁1903-1977 The Novel of Future未来的小说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴78、Issac Bashevis Singer 艾萨克·辛格1904-1991 Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave 奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们，一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎短篇小说：The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇：Neighbours邻居79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989 Night Rider夜间骑士;At Heaven’s Gate在天堂门口;All King’s Men国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿诗集：Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother to Dragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors andOthers;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作：Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学；Birth of Love爱之诞生(选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的 Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction)逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I’ll Take My Stand我表明我的立场80、Tennessee William田纳西·威廉斯1911-1983 American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟81、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982 短篇小说：The Expelled开除短篇小说集：The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不会在我下一部小说中出现的人物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选长篇小说：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者82、Irwin Shaw欧文·肖1913-1984 Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说：The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空气;Lucy Crown露茜·克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town；Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening inByzantium;Nightwork认夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters。
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Read the story “The Idealist”written by Frank O’Connor (taken form Book 3 of 《现代大学英语：阅读》and answer the following questions:
I. Answer the following questions with no more than five words for each of them, and words from the text are necessary.
1. The 3rd paragraph on p.356 says “They never told lies and wouldn’t talk to anyone who did”. Some word or words are omitted after “who did”. What is omitted?
(5 points)
2. The 1st paragraph on p. 357 near the top says “It was surprising in such good schools, with fathers who never gave less than five quid, the number of
thieves there were”. Some word or words are omitted after “there were”. What is omitted? (5 points)
3. The last line of p.357 says “The Murderer would never know whether you were or not”. Some word or words are omitted after “you were or not”. What is omitted?
(5 points)
4. The middle paragraph that begins with “This time it was a tougher job”says “if only I could keep my head I should provide a model for the whole class.”What kind of model? (5 points)
5. The phrases “the invisible presences”occurred many times in the story. Who or what does this phrase refer to? (5 points)
6. The top paragraph on p.360 says “I had escaped for a few moments into my deream-world I nwhch fathers never gave less than fivers…”. What does the word “fivers”mean? (5 points)
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, and your translation must fit into the story they are taken from. Translation without referring to the story itself results in 0 point.
7. This was a very queer subject to start a row about. (5 points, p.360 above the middle)
8. Spillane ordered him away contemptuously—a fellow who had taken the master’s cane to another had no status. (5 points, p.364 below the middle)
9. Compared with the laughter the slaps were nothing, and because, I had the example of the invisible presence to sustain me. (5 points, p.350 below the middle)
10. I returned to my desk slowly and quietly without sniveling or squeezing my hands, and the Murderer look after me. (5 points, p.358 below the middle)
III. Answer the following questions by taking the whole story into consideration.Y ou should put your answer on the underside if written by hand. Try to find about the author and his nationality and his feeling towards U.K. before doing the following questions.
11. At the beginning of the story, the narrator mentions, “The schools were English”. What does this mean? Throughout the whole story, what does the narrator of the story find about these schools and our school? (20 points)
12. The words like “lie”and “thief”appear many times in the story. What do you think is the author’s implication? (15 points)
13. The narrator often lies to his teacher that he was at Mass when he is late, and the teacher will not punish him. Y et when he doesn’t lie, he is punished. What does the author suggest? (15 points)。