电镀工艺表面处理

表面处理
Surface finishing
1、热浸锌：
Hot-dip galvanizing
概述：热浸锌是将除锈后的钢构件浸入600℃左右高温融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，锌层厚度对5mm以下薄板不得小于65μm，对厚板不小于86μm。

从而起到防腐蚀的目的。

definition:Hot-dip galvanizing is a form of galvanization. It is the process of coating steel parts with a thin Zinc layer, by passing the metal through a molten bath of zinc at a temperature of around 600 °C. When the thickness of sheet metal is below 5mm, the Zinc layer must be above 65μm; and the Zinc layer should be above 86μm for those thick plates. After the process, it can improvethe corrision resistance and tarnish resitence of the products.
优点：耐久年限长，生产工业化程度高，质量稳定。

因而被大量用于受大气腐蚀较严重且不易维修的室外钢结构中。

如大量输电塔、通讯塔等。

Advantages: After hot-dip galvanizing, the products are more durable, the manufacturing process is highly industrialized and the quality is very stable.And so, it is widely applied in the outdoor steel structures which are facing serious atmospheric corrosion and inconvenient maintenance, such as the power transmission towers and communications towers, etc.
2、达克罗（DACROMET）：
Dacromet:
概述：达克罗是DACROMET译音和缩写，简称达克罗、达克锈、迪克龙。

国内命名为锌铬涂层Zinc cr coating，是一种新型的耐腐涂层与传统的电镀锌相比：锌铬涂层耐腐蚀性能极强，是镀锌的7—10倍，无氢脆性，特别适用于高强度受力件，高耐热性、耐热温度300℃，尤其适用于汽车、摩托车发动机部件的高强度构件，高渗透性、高附着性、高减磨性、高耐气候性、高耐化学品稳定性、无污染性。

Decromet is new coating with excellent decay resistance named by zinc-chromium coating in China. Compared with the traditional electrogalvanizing coatings, zinc-chromium coating have a very good performance of corrosion resistance and tarnish resistance, about 7~10 times better than Zinc coating. It is without hydrogen embrittlement. It’s specially applied in high-strength forced components; it is heat-durability and the heat-resistant temperature was 300℃, specially suitable to the high-strength components in engine of automabile and motorcycle; it is with high penetrability and , adhesion or wettability, wear resistance, electrical
stability and pollution-free。

优点：
（1）无污染和公害；（2）高耐热性；（3）超强的耐蚀性能；（4）良好的渗透性；（5）无氢脆性；（6）结合力及再涂性能好。

Advantages:
(1), pollution-free; (2), heat-durability; (3), corrosion resistance and tarnish resistance; (4), high penetrability;（5）No hydrogen embrittlement; （6）good adhesion and overcoatability.
3、耐落：Nylok
概述：耐落螺纹防松技术是以特殊技术使特殊的工程树脂永久粘附在螺纹上，利用工程树脂材料的反弹性，使螺纹在锁紧过程中通过挤压达到对震动及冲击的绝对阻力，彻底解决了螺纹的松动问题。

Nylok thread anti loosening Technology adopts special technologies to make the engineering plastics clinging to thread permanently. By using the elasticity of the engineering plastics, it will make the threads squeeze in the interlock process to cause ABSOLUTE resistence of vibration and shock, and solve the problem of thread loosing for ever.
优点：彻底解决了螺纹的松动问题。

Advantages:
Solved the problem of thread lossing foreve.
3、钝化：passivation
概述：钝化是使金属表面转化为不易被氧化的状态，而延缓金属的腐蚀速度的方法。

Passivation is the process of making a material "passive", usually by the deposition of a layer of oxide that adheres to the metal surface. It can retard the progress of metal corrosion.
优点：经济实用，同时添加了高效缓蚀剂、抑雾剂，防止金属出现过腐蚀和氢脆现象、抑制酸雾的产生。

Advantages:
It’s economical and practical; meanwhile, it has been added Acid Fog Inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor, which can prevent the corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement; inhibit the production of Acid fog.
4、磷化：phosphorization
概述：把工件浸入磷酸盐溶液中，使工件表面获得一层不溶于水的磷酸盐薄膜的工艺。

Phosphorization is the process of coating components with a phosphate layer which is lacking affinity for water by passing the components through a bath of phosphat solution.
作用：（1）提高工件的耐磨性；（2）令工件在机加工过程中具有润滑性；（3）提高工件的耐蚀性。

（1），Improve the wear resistance performance; (2), make the components causing lubricating property during manufacturing process; (3), Enhance the corrosion resistance performance.
6、发蓝：blueing
概述：发蓝是将钢在空气中加热或直接浸於浓氧化性溶液中，使其表面产生极薄的氧化物膜的材料保护技术，也称发黑。

Bluing is the process of coating steel components with a ultra-thin electrochemical conversion coating by heating the steel in air or through a bath of strong oxidizing solution, also called darkening.
优点：单独的发蓝膜抗腐蚀性较差，但经涂油涂蜡或涂清漆后，抗蚀性和抗摩擦性都有所改善。

发蓝时，工件的尺寸和光洁度对质量影响不大。

故常用於精密仪器、光学仪器、工具、硬度块等。

Advantages:
The single bluing coating is not with a very good performance of corrosion resistance and tarnish resistance. However, after covered with oil, wax or varnish, the performance of corrosion resistance and wear resistance is getting better. Duirng the process of bluing, the size and surface smoothness of the metal sheets effects the quality very little, and so, it is ofter applied to fine instruments, optics equipment, tools, hardness blocks, etc.
7、机械渗锌：Sherardising
概述：将渗锌剂与钢铁制件，共置于渗炉中，加热到400℃±，活性锌原子则由钢铁制件的表面向内部渗透，同时铁原子则由内向外扩散，在制件表层形成了一个均匀的锌—铁化合物即渗锌层。

Sherardising
It is a process by heating the objects in an airtight container with zinc powder by 400℃±. The Activated Zinc Atom will permeate into Steel or Iron body; meanwhile, the Iron Atoms will permeate from the inside of the parts to the outside; and it will form an even Zinc-Iron compound, just the Sherardized coating.
优点：（1）耐蚀性特强；（2）耐磨性优异；（3）粉末渗锌基本上无污染；（4）渗锌产品还可以与涂料结合形成复合防护层；（5）经过渗锌的钢铁制件其机械性能不会有大的变化。

Advantages:
(1), good corrosion resistance and tarnish resistance; (2), good wear resistance; (3), pollution-free; (4), the Sherardised components can compound with the paints to become composite coating; (5), after Sherardising, the mechanical property of the components changes very little.
8、镀镍：Nickel Plating
概述：通过电解或化学方法在金属或某些非金属上金上一层镍的方法，称为镀镍。

镀镍分电镀镍和化学镀镍。

Nickel electroplating is a process of depositing nickel on a metal or nonmetallic components via a electrolytic or chemical methods. Nickel Plating incudes Nickel electroplating and chemical nickel-plating.
优点：（1）电镀镍层在空气中的稳定性很高，由于金属镍具有很强的钝化能力，在表面能迅速生成一层极薄的钝化膜，能抵抗大气、碱和某些酸的腐蚀；（2）电镀镍结晶极其细小，并且具有优良的抛光性能。

经抛光的镍镀层可得到镜面般的光泽外表，同时在大气中可长期保持其光泽。

所以，电镀层常用于装饰；（3）镍镀层的硬度比较高，可以提高制品表面的耐磨性，在印刷工业中常用镀媒层来提高铅表面的硬度。

Advantages ：
（1）Nickel electroplating coating is very stable in atmosphere, because the inactivation of Nickel is very strong; it will form an extra-thin Passivation Layer which can prevent the corrosion of atmosphere, alkali or some certain Acid; (2), crystalline of electroplating nickel is extraly tiny, and with good performance of polishing, can keep LUSTROUS for a long time in atmosphere. Therefore, Nickel electroplating coating is often applied to decoration. (3), hardness of Nickel electroplating coating is very high, can improve the wear resistance of the products surface. It is often used to enhance the hardness of lead surface.
（4）镀镍的应用面很广，可作为防护装饰性镀层，在钢铁、锌压铸件、铝合金及铜合金表面上，保护基体材料不受腐蚀或起光亮装饰作用;也常作为其他镀层的中间镀层，在其上再镀一薄层铬，或镀一层仿金层，其抗蚀性更好，外观更美。

在功能性应用方面，在特殊行业的零件上镀镍约1~3mm 厚，可达到修复目的。

特别是近年来在连续铸造结晶器、电子元件表面的模具、合金的压铸模具、形状复杂的宇航发动机部件和微型电子元件的制
造等方应用越来越广泛。

(4), Ni-Plating is applied to a wide range of products, such as the protective and decorative plating coatings. On the surface of steel or iron, die-cast zinc components, Aluminum or Copper Alloy, it will protect the major material from corrosion or make it bright decoration; it is also often used as a middle plating coating for the other plating coating, for example, if a thin layer of chrome, or imitative gold coating is plated on the Ni-plating coating, the performance of corrosion resitance will be better, and the appearance will be finer. Refering to functional applications, plating 1~3mm Nickel layer on the components in some special industries, it can achieve the goal of repair. In recent years in particular in crystallizer for continuous casting, moulding of the shell of electronic components, alloy die casting moulding, complex-shaped components of astro-engine, manufacturing of mini electronic components and so on, it is becoming more and more widespread.
9、交美特（GEOMET）：
概述：交美特涂层的外观呈亚光银灰色﹐光泽较达克罗涂层略暗﹐是一种将超细锌鳞片和铝鳞片迭合包裹在特殊粘结剂中的无机涂层。

优点：交美特（Geomet）作为达克罗的更新换代产品，继承了达克罗高抗蚀、无氢脆、涂层薄的特点，同时彻底摒弃了有害的Cr6+，实现了清洁生产。

The appearance of Geomet coating is low sheen silver gray; comparing with Dacromet coating, its gloss is a little darker. It is an inorganic coating via wraping the ultrafine LAMELLAR ZINC and Aluminum PARTICLES into the special binders.
Advantages:
Geomet is the renewal of Dacromet products, and has Inherited the advantages of Dacromet coating, such as high wear resistance, no hydrogen embrittlement, thin layer of coating. meanwhile, it has completely abandoned the harmful Cr6+ and realized cleaner production .
10、特氟龙（Teflon）：
概述：聚四氟乙烯英文全称为Polytetrafluoroetylene，简称Teflon、PTFE、F4等。

聚四氟乙烯，一般称作“不粘涂层”或“易洁镬物料”；是一种使用了氟取代聚乙烯中所有氢原子的人工合成高分子材料。

这种材料具有抗酸抗碱、抗各种有机溶剂的特点，几乎不溶于所有的溶剂。

同时，聚四氟乙烯具有耐高温的特点，它的摩擦系数极低，所以可作润滑作用之余，亦成为了易洁镬和水管内层的理想涂料。

Polytetrafluoroethylene is abbreviated as Teflon、PTFE、F4 etc. It is a
generally called as a “non-stick coating” or “easy-clean substances”. It is a Synthetic polymer material which has been replaced the hydrogen atom by fluorine Atom in polytene. The material has the characteristicses of acid resistance, alkali resistance and anti organic solvent. It is practically insoluble in solvent. It is also heat-resistant, PTFE has one of the lowest coefficients of friction against any solid, natrually, besides lubrication functions, it can be used as an ideal coating material for easy-cleaning purpose or in inner layer of waterpipes.
优点：（1）不粘性；（2）耐热性；（3）滑动性；（4）抗湿性；（5）耐磨损性；（6）耐腐蚀性。

Advantages ：(1) no viscosity ；(2) heat resistance ；(3) low friction ；(4), weatherability；(5) wear resistance ；(6) corrosion resistance.
11、镀锌：
galvanization
概述：镀锌是指在金属、合金或者其它材料的表面镀一层锌以起美观、防锈等作用的表面处理技术。

Galvanization (or galvanisation) is the surface finishing process by coating metal , alloy or other materials surfaces with a Zinc layer for the purposes of good look, anti-rust.
优点：锌镀层较厚，结晶细致、均匀且无孔隙，抗腐蚀性良好；电镀所得锌层较纯，在酸、碱等雾气中腐蚀较慢，能有效保护紧固件基体，镀锌层经铬酸钝化后形成白色、彩色、军绿色等，美观大方，具有一定的装饰性，由于镀锌层具有良好的延展性，因此可进行冷冲、轧制、折弯等各种成型而不损坏镀层。

电镀锌所涉及的领域越来越广泛，紧固件产品的应用已遍及机械制造、电子、精密仪器、化工、交通运输、航天等在国民经济中有重大意义。

Advantages: Zinc coating is a little thick, the crystal structure is uniform and compact, no POREs and with good corrosion resistance. The Zinc layer from electroplating is very pure and corroded slowly in the Acid or alkali fogs, which can protect the fasteners effectively. The Zinc layer can be white, colorful or SERGEANT GREEN etc after Chromic acid passivation. It is beautiful and decorative. Because the Zinc layer is malleable, it can be cold died, rolled or bendded to different shapes without damaging the coating. Electroplating Zinc is applied more and more widespread, the relevant fasteners has been used in machinery manufacturing, electronics industry,
precise instruments, chemical industry, transportation industry, space industry and so on, and plays a significant role in national economy.。