If引导的虚拟语气.ppt
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• 也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示
• 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加动词形式
1. 对现在的虚拟
if条件句中的谓语动词
1. 行为动词用过去形式 2. be动词用were
• But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. • Without electricity human life would be quite
different today.
练习：请用介词短语代替条件状语从句 1. 要不是你的帮助，我就失败了。 2. 如果没有恰当的控制手段，核反应堆就会爆炸（核反应堆
假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会，我就去了。
If she should invite me tomorrow, I would go to the part
如果她明天邀请我参加聚会，我会去的。
• 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后， if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况 “后退一步”。
If you should fail, try again. →Should you fail, try again.
If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. →Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
nuclear reactor）。
4.1 Wish/ if only 的用法
用在“wish+宾语从句”中，表示很难实现或不能实现 的愿望，可以翻译为“但愿…”, “悔不该…”等。
① 表示对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be 动词用were）；
② 表示对过去的假设，从句的谓语动词用 “had+过去 分词”
I would have bought the house If I had had enough money. →I would have bought the house had I had enough money.
• Note： 省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩 略形式。
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. （√） Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.（×）
if引导的条件句
If she invites me tomorrow, I will go to the party.
请把这句话与下面虚拟语气的带条件从句的主从复合句进行比较：
If she invited me, I would go to the party.
假如她邀请我参加聚会，我就去。
If she had invited me yesterday, I would have gone to the party.
If they had not campagined for financial independence, women may not have had control over their own money.
与将来事实相反的假设
if条件句中的谓语动词
1. 行为动词用did 2. should + 动词原形 3. were to + 动词原形
主句的谓语动词
Should/would/could/might + 动词原形
1. If the lecture should be late, you should have to make a speech first. 2. If the lecture were late tomorrow, you would have to make a speech first.
② 表示与过去事实想法的假设
主语+ wish/ if only + that+ 1. 过去完成时 2. would/could/should+V +have done
主句的谓语动词
Should/would/could/might + 动词原形
1.
If the people were better educated, I believe this could solve the
problem.
If they had proper education in schools, they would know how to
③ 表示对将来的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would (could)+动词原形
① 表示与现在事实不相符的假设事件 1. V-ed
主语+ wish/ if only + that+ 2. were 3. would/could/should+V
• I wish that he were my boyfriend. • I wish that he cared for me. • I wish that he could help me when I an in trouble.
• 虚拟语气中省略if：在书面语中，如果从句 的谓语中有were, had 或should, 就可以省略if, 并将were, had 或should 放到句首。当然， 如果从句没有were, had, 或should,就不能省 略if.
If I were to do it, I`d do it some other way. →Were I to do it, I’d do it some other way.
control their lives.
2. 对过去的虚拟
if条件句中的谓语动词
Had done
主句的谓语动词
Should/would/coΒιβλιοθήκη Baiduld/might + have done
1. If they had ended their meeting without further action, Amercia would have been very different.
• 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加动词形式
1. 对现在的虚拟
if条件句中的谓语动词
1. 行为动词用过去形式 2. be动词用were
• But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. • Without electricity human life would be quite
different today.
练习：请用介词短语代替条件状语从句 1. 要不是你的帮助，我就失败了。 2. 如果没有恰当的控制手段，核反应堆就会爆炸（核反应堆
假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会，我就去了。
If she should invite me tomorrow, I would go to the part
如果她明天邀请我参加聚会，我会去的。
• 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后， if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况 “后退一步”。
If you should fail, try again. →Should you fail, try again.
If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. →Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
nuclear reactor）。
4.1 Wish/ if only 的用法
用在“wish+宾语从句”中，表示很难实现或不能实现 的愿望，可以翻译为“但愿…”, “悔不该…”等。
① 表示对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be 动词用were）；
② 表示对过去的假设，从句的谓语动词用 “had+过去 分词”
I would have bought the house If I had had enough money. →I would have bought the house had I had enough money.
• Note： 省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩 略形式。
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. （√） Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.（×）
if引导的条件句
If she invites me tomorrow, I will go to the party.
请把这句话与下面虚拟语气的带条件从句的主从复合句进行比较：
If she invited me, I would go to the party.
假如她邀请我参加聚会，我就去。
If she had invited me yesterday, I would have gone to the party.
If they had not campagined for financial independence, women may not have had control over their own money.
与将来事实相反的假设
if条件句中的谓语动词
1. 行为动词用did 2. should + 动词原形 3. were to + 动词原形
主句的谓语动词
Should/would/could/might + 动词原形
1. If the lecture should be late, you should have to make a speech first. 2. If the lecture were late tomorrow, you would have to make a speech first.
② 表示与过去事实想法的假设
主语+ wish/ if only + that+ 1. 过去完成时 2. would/could/should+V +have done
主句的谓语动词
Should/would/could/might + 动词原形
1.
If the people were better educated, I believe this could solve the
problem.
If they had proper education in schools, they would know how to
③ 表示对将来的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would (could)+动词原形
① 表示与现在事实不相符的假设事件 1. V-ed
主语+ wish/ if only + that+ 2. were 3. would/could/should+V
• I wish that he were my boyfriend. • I wish that he cared for me. • I wish that he could help me when I an in trouble.
• 虚拟语气中省略if：在书面语中，如果从句 的谓语中有were, had 或should, 就可以省略if, 并将were, had 或should 放到句首。当然， 如果从句没有were, had, 或should,就不能省 略if.
If I were to do it, I`d do it some other way. →Were I to do it, I’d do it some other way.
control their lives.
2. 对过去的虚拟
if条件句中的谓语动词
Had done
主句的谓语动词
Should/would/coΒιβλιοθήκη Baiduld/might + have done
1. If they had ended their meeting without further action, Amercia would have been very different.