浅谈小企业融资难的突出表现及原因分析

浅谈小企业融资难的突出表现及原因分析

Discuss the outstanding performance of the small business financing and reason

analysis

小企业融资渠道过于狭窄，主要依赖银行贷款。企业的融资渠道归根到底只有两个，即内源融资和外源融资，小企业一般处于初创期和成长期，内源融资远远满足不了企业发展的需要。外源融资分为权益融资和债务融资。权益融资是指企业得到新的资本金的注入，可能是原有股东的资金注入，也可能是新股东的资金注入，增加了资本金总额；债务融资，是指企业通过债务债权关系的建立，达到资金使用目的的融资方式，包括债券融资、银行贷款和企业间债务等。对于小企业而言，银行贷款是其主要的融资方式。据中国人民银行的一项调查显示，我国中小企业融资供应的98. 7qo来自银行贷款

Small business financing channel is too narrow, mainly rely on bank loans. Enterprise financing channels in the final analysis there are only two, namely the internal financing and external financing, and small businesses, generally in the initial growth, endogenous financing far cannot satisfy the needs of enterprise development. Exogenous financing can be divided into equity financing and debt financing. Equity

financing is refers to the enterprise new capital injection, may be the original shareholders' money, also may be a new shareholder's capital injection, to increase the total amount of capital; Debt financing refers to the establishment of the enterprise through the relationship of creditor's rights debt, reached the purpose of financing funds, including bond financing, bank loans and corporate debt, etc. Bank loans for small businesses is the main way of financing. According to a survey of the people's bank of China, the supply of small and medium-sized enterprises financing in China 98. 7 qo from bank loans

小企业贷款覆盖率低，占银行贷款总额的比重小。2008年中国人民银行对8000多家民营工业企业和近3000家金融机构的调查结果表明，截止2008年5月末，全国中小企业贷款覆盖率为18.7%[2]，而小企业的贷款覆盖率更加有限。中国人民银行统计结果表明，数量众多的小企业只能得到银行贷款总额的20%多。

Small business loans low coverage, small proportion of total bank loans. The people's bank of China in 2008 to more than 8000 private industrial enterprises and nearly 3000 financial institutions, according to a survey of 2008 at the

end of may, the national small and medium-sized enterprise loan coverage of 18.7% [2], and small business loan coverage is more limited. Statistical results show that the people's bank of China, the number of small businesses get bank loans by more than 20% of the total.

小企业融资缺乏长期稳定性。小企业对资金的要求是“短、频、快”，资金需求一次性量小、频率高，这样就加大了融资的复杂性，增加了融资的成本和代价，而银行又需要花费很大的成本和精力来搜集小企业的信息，因此，小企业很难获得银行长期债务支持。小企业通过银行贷款以外的渠道进行融资，除了个别特别具有发展情景的小企业能够得到新的资本金的注入外，对于大多数小企业而言，仍缺乏长期稳定的资金来源。

Small business financing, a lack of long-term stability. Small business demand for funds is "short, frequency, fast", the small amount of money demand one-time, high frequency, this increases the complexity of the financing, increase the cost of financing and cost, and Banks need to spend a lot of cost and effort to gather information on businesses, therefore, support for small business is very difficult to obtain the long-term debt. Small businesses outside channels of financing