英概名词解释中英对照 Themes and Concepts in Contemporary British Culture and Society

Themes and Concepts in Contemporary British Culture and Society

Chapter 1 Introduction

a group of islands off the northwestern coast of Continental Europe, including, geographically, the islands of Great Britain and Ireland and adjacent smaller islands, and politically, the UK and Ireland.

不列颠群岛。地理上包括：大不列颠群岛和爱尔兰及其附属岛屿。政治意义上指联合王国及爱尔兰共和国。

the oldest part of the City of Londonsituated on the north bank of the River Thames between Tower Bridge and London Bridge.

伦敦金融城，伦敦最古老的一部分。位于泰晤士河北岸的伦敦桥和伦敦塔之间。

the capital and the largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center.

英国首都，也是英国最大的城市。位于英国东南部，毗邻泰晤士河。是英国的工业和金融中心

Chapter 2 Family and Personal Relationships (1)

a person living alone, or a group of people living together as a unit (a family). 住户：一名独居者或一群同居者（家庭）构成的单位

a kind of culture characterized by rebellious teenagers and identified by a particular style of clothing, music and sometimes hairstyles.青少年亚文化，包括青少年特有的服饰、音乐、价值观等等。

Civil ceremony is a non-religious marriage ceremony. It is performed in a Government Registry Office and will usually be followed by a reception for family and friends.

世俗婚礼指的是没有宗教元素的结婚仪式。它通常在政府登记处进行，由公务员帮助注册婚姻，之后则是亲朋好友的招待会。

Chapter 3 Family and Personal Relationships (2)

the different activities and responsibilities of husbands and wives.

婚姻角色：丈夫和妻子的不同作为和承担的责任

a difference of opinions regarding beliefs or valuesbetween younger people and their parents and/or grandparents.(Wikipedia)

代沟：年轻人与父母或其他长辈之间的价值观、信仰等差异。

Sheltered housing is provided in groups of flats or cottages (normally 25-39) with a two-way speech alarm system linking each house with a wardens office and house, to help to overcome the difficulties such as too many stairs, inadequate heating, social isolation for the old.

庇护所：庇护所是单元化的平屋或者村舍（通常为25到39平方米）。它包含连接每个住所与区管理人的双向语音警报系统----用于解决老年人在诸如楼层过高、供暖不足以及社交隔绝等方面的困难。

other arrangements

日间活动中心：为没有日常活动的老年人在白天提供就餐、取暖以及聊天的场所。

Chapter 4 Education

a system of secondary modern, technical and grammar schools selected 11 year-old children at the end of their primary education by means of exam. The top 20% attended grammar schools.

三级体制是普通中学、技术学校以及文法学校在初等教育之后通过考试的方法来对11岁儿童进行选拔的一种机制。排名前20%的儿童进入文法学校。

stages of the state education system from the infant school to the university in Britain. At each of the stages the core subjects of English, mathematics, science, technology, physical education and religious education are taught. History, geography, music and art are also compulsory subjects up to 14 years old. P84

关键阶段（Key Stage）是英国公立学校系统对各年龄阶段学生知识学习预期的安排。包括如下几个阶段：

关键阶段0: 托儿所（3-5岁），通常称为基础阶段（Foundation Stage）；

关键阶段1：1-2年级（5-7岁）；

关键阶段2：3-6年级（7-11岁）；

关键阶段3：7-9年级（11-14岁）；

关键阶段4：10-11年级（14-16岁），结束考试称为普通中等教育证书考试（General Certificate of Secondary Education，GCSE）；

关键阶段5（通常称为第六学级，Sixth Form）：12-13年级（16-18岁）。结束考试包括中学高级水平考试（A-Level）、中学准高级水平考试（AS-Level）、国家职业资格考试（NVQ）和HND。

The General Certificate of Secondary Education (taken at the end of compulsory education at the age of 16. Any number of individual subjects may be taken.)普通中等教育证书(16岁完成义务教育后授予该证书。需要修习较多课程)